A 12-b Asynchronous SAR Type ADC for Bio Signal Detection

Lim, Shin-Il,Kim, Jin Woo,Yoon, Kwang-Sub,Lee, Sangmin The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2013 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.13 No.2

This paper describes a low power asynchronous successive approximation register (SAR) type 12b analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for biomedical applications in a 0.35 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology. The digital-to-analog converter (DAC) uses a capacitive split-arrays consisting of 6-b main array, an attenuation capacitor C and a 5-b sub array for low power consumption and small die area. Moreover, splitting the MSB capacitor into sub-capacitors and an asynchronous SAR reduce power consumption. The measurement results show that the proposed ADC achieved the SNDR of 68.32 dB, the SFDR of 79 dB, and the ENOB (effective number of bits) of 11.05 bits. The measured INL and DNL were 1.9LSB and 1.5LSB, respectively. The power consumption including all the digital circuits is 6.7 ${\mu}W$ at the sampling frequency of 100 KHz under 3.3 V supply voltage and the FoM (figure of merit) is 49 fJ/conversion-step.

활성탄의 급여가 젖소 송아지의 성장 및 배설물의 Ammonia 함량에 미치는 영향

유선일,박덕섭,명윤아,이인덕,남명수,김용국 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the influences of feed containing activated charcoal on the performances of calves The daily weight gain, feed intake, feed requirement and the content of ammonia in the excreta were measured. The experiment was conducted with 10 male calves for 30 days. Each were equally divided with treatment group and control group and for the treatment group's animal fed diets containing 1.0% activated charcoal. The daily weight gain of calves were decreased by 1.92% when they were fed activated charcoal(1.02㎏/day) compared to that of control calves(1.04㎏/day) and the daily feed intake of treatment group(2.86㎏/day) was 10.06% lower comparing to the control group(3.18㎏/day). In case of feed requirement, the result showed 8.2% lower in the treatment group(2.80㎏) than control group(3.06㎏). The content of ammonia in excreta was significantly lower for treatment group(0.33ppm) than control group (2.67ppm)(p<0.05), which showed more improvement for reducing ammonia content in the treatment group with 87.6%(p<0.05). 본 연구는 사료에 활성탄을 첨가했을 때 송아지의 일당 증체량, 사료 섭취량, 사료 요구율 및 배설물의 ammonia 함량에 미치는 영향을 규명하기위해 실시하였다. 홀스타인 수송아지 10두를 30일 동안 대조구, 시험구(활성탄 1%첨가)로 각5두 공시하여 시험하였으며, 실험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 송아지의 일당 증체량은 대조구(1.04kg/일)에 비하여 활성탄을 급여했을 때(l.02kg/일) 1.92% 감소하였고, 일당 사료 섭취량은 시험구(2.86kg/일)가 대조구(3.18kg/일)에 비해서 10.06% 낮았으나, 사료 요구율은 대조구(3.06kg/kg증체)에 비해 시험구(2.80kg/kg증체)에서 8.2% 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 송아지 배설물의 ammonia 함량은 대조구의 2.67ppm에 비하여 시험구가 0.33ppm으로 87.6% 감소되는 개선효과를 보였다(p<0.05).

Prediction of Decompensation and Death in Advanced Chronic Liver Disease Using Deep Learning Analysis of Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced MRI

Heo Subin,이승수,Kim So Yeon,Lim Young-Suk,Park Hyo Jung,Yoon Jee Seok,Suk Heung-Il,Sung Yu Sub,Park Bumwoo,Lee Ji Sung 대한영상의학회 2022 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.23 No.12

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of quantitative indices obtained from deep learning analysis of gadoxetic acid-enhanced hepatobiliary phase (HBP) MRI and their longitudinal changes in predicting decompensation and death in patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD). Materials and Methods: We included patients who underwent baseline and 1-year follow-up MRI from a prospective cohort that underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance between November 2011 and August 2012 at a tertiary medical center. Baseline liver condition was categorized as non-ACLD, compensated ACLD, and decompensated ACLD. The liver-to-spleen signal intensity ratio (LS-SIR) and liver-to-spleen volume ratio (LS-VR) were automatically measured on the HBP images using a deep learning algorithm, and their percentage changes at the 1-year follow-up (ΔLS-SIR and ΔLS-VR) were calculated. The associations of the MRI indices with hepatic decompensation and a composite endpoint of liver-related death or transplantation were evaluated using a competing risk analysis with multivariable Fine and Gray regression models, including baseline parameters alone and both baseline and follow-up parameters. Results: Our study included 280 patients (153 male; mean age ± standard deviation, 57 ± 7.95 years) with non-ACLD, compensated ACLD, and decompensated ACLD in 32, 186, and 62 patients, respectively. Patients were followed for 11–117 months (median, 104 months). In patients with compensated ACLD, baseline LS-SIR (sub-distribution hazard ratio [sHR], 0.81; p = 0.034) and LS-VR (sHR, 0.71; p = 0.01) were independently associated with hepatic decompensation. The ∆LS-VR (sHR, 0.54; p = 0.002) was predictive of hepatic decompensation after adjusting for baseline variables. ∆LS-VR was an independent predictor of liver-related death or transplantation in patients with compensated ACLD (sHR, 0.46; p = 0.026) and decompensated ACLD (sHR, 0.61; p = 0.023). Conclusion: MRI indices automatically derived from the deep learning analysis of gadoxetic acid-enhanced HBP MRI can be used as prognostic markers in patients with ACLD.

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles encapsulated in one-dimensional Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ nanomatrix: An extremely reversible anode for long life and high capacity Li-ion batteries

Jo, Mi Ru,Jung, Jaepyeong,Lee, Gi-Hyeok,Kim, Yunok,Song, Kyeongse,Yang, Junghoon,Chae, Ji Su,Roh, Kwang Chul,Kim, Yong-Il,Yoon, Won-Sub,Kang, Yong-Mook Elsevier 2016 Nano energy Vol.19 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Transition metal oxides are very promising electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries that operate through conversion reactions. Energy densities for conversion reactions are higher than for intercalation reactions, but most of transition metal oxides show poor cycling performance and reversibility due to the pulverization of active materials and subsequent volume changes. We here report a facile and scalable synthesis for realizing Li<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB>-coated Fe/Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> hybrid nanocomposites in the form of one-dimensional nanofibers (C@Fe-Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/Li<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> hybrid NFs). This is a new class of highly-reversible and safe anode material that can significantly reduce the lithium-ion diffusion length and improve strain tolerance during Li ion insertion/extraction. Its oxidation state was also impressively controlled through a carbothermal reaction during annealing. The precise oxidation state control of C@Fe-Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/Li<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> hybrid NFs simultaneously enabled high capacity due to the conversion reaction of Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> as well as high reversibility and stability resulting from zero-strain characteristics and superb kinetics of Li<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB>. This new electrode material appears promising for not only future energy systems but also various electronic devices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> C@Fe-Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/Li<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> hybrid NFs showed extremely stable cyclic retention, which enabled to realize a full cell based on transition metal oxides anode for the first time. </LI> <LI> Its mechanical flexibility, electric conductivity and thermal stability were surprisingly enhanced. </LI> <LI> This enhancement was attributed to zero-strain feature of Li<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB>, and the evolution of Li<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12-δ</SUB> and metallic Fe. </LI> <LI> This novel hybrid composites showed a synergistic effect thanks to high capacity of Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>, high thermal and structural stability of Li<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB>, and the improved kinetics from dexterous oxidation state and morphology control. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>An effective strategy to significantly boost the structural stability and electrochemical performance of Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanoparticles through the embedment in Li<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> nanomatrix was successfully demonstrated despite its extremely irreversible conversion reaction. The resultant C@Fe-Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/Li<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> hybrid NFs showed excellent mechanical flexibility and electronic conductivity that could be each assigned to high stability or zero-strain feature of Li<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB>, and the evolution of oxygen-deficient Li<SUB>4</SUB>Ti<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12-δ</SUB> as well as metallic Fe</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Lithium-Ion Transport through a Tailored Disordered Phase on the LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄Surface for High-Power Cathode Materials

Jo, Mi Ru,Kim, Yong-Il,Kim, Yunok,Chae, Ji Su,Roh, Kwang Chul,Yoon, Won-Sub,Kang, Yong-Mook Wiley (John WileySons) 2014 CHEM SUS CHEM Vol.7 No.8

<P>The phase control of spinel LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 was achieved through surface treatment that led to an enhancement of its electrochemical properties. Li(+) diffusion inside spinel LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 could be promoted by modifying the surface structure of LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 through phosphidation into a disordered phase (Fd3m) that allows facile Li(+) transport. Phosphidated LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 showed a significantly enhanced electrochemical performance, even at high rates exceeding 10?C, demonstrating that the improved kinetics (related to the amount of Mn(3+) ) can render LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 competitive as a high-power cathode material for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles.</P>

Macrophage-derived insulin-like growth factor-1 affects influenza vaccine efficacy through the regulation of immune cell homeostasis

Yoon, Il-Sub,Park, Hyelim,Kwak, Hye-Won,Woo Jung, Yong,Nam, Jae-Hwan Elsevier Ltd. 2017 Vaccine Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The level of antibody production induced by a vaccine involves a variety of host factors. One of these, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), plays an important role in lymphocyte maturation and antibody expression. Here, we investigated the role of macrophage-derived IGF-1 in the induction of influenza vaccine-specific antibodies using macrophage-derived IGF-1 gene knockout (MIKO) mice. The titers of vaccine-specific total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG1 after immunization were about two- to fourfold lower in MIKO mice than in WT mice. Moreover, MIKO mice showed a relatively weak booster effect of repeated immunization. In contrast, antigen-nonspecific total IgG was about threefold higher in MIKO mice than in WT mice. After viral challenge, the viral titer and the pathological damage in lungs of MIKO mice were higher than those in WT mice despite vaccination. Interestingly, the proportions of proinflammatory immune cells including M1 macrophages, Th1 and Th17 cells was higher in unvaccinated MIKO mice than in unvaccinated WT mice. This suggests that nonspecific activation of immune cells may paradoxically impair the response to the vaccine. In addition, although the proportions of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and GL-7<SUP>+</SUP> germinal center (GC) B cells were higher in MIKO mice than in WT mice, the population of CD138<SUP>+</SUP>B220<SUP>+</SUP> antibody-secreting plasmablasts was lower in MIKO mice, which may be a cause of the low influenza-specific antibody titer in MIKO mice. Taken together, these results suggest that macrophage-derived IGF-1 might play an important role in the vaccine-triggered immune response by regulating immune cell homeostasis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A variety of host factors affects vaccine-induced antibody level. </LI> <LI> Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays an important role in immune response. </LI> <LI> Macrophage-derived IGF-1 affects the vaccine-triggered immune response. </LI> <LI> IGF-1 regulates the immune cell homeostasis. </LI> </UL> </P>

C/S 몰비 및 알루미늄 분말 첨가율 변화에 따른 고온·고압 기포 콘크리트의 발포특성

윤현섭 ( Yoon Hyun-sub ),박종범 ( Pakr Jong-beom ),이광일 ( Lee Kwang-il ),양근혁 ( Yang Keun-hyeok ) 한국건축시공학회 2018 한국건축시공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.18 No.1

Test results showed that foaming ratio of autoclaved aerated concrete significantly affected by the CaO/Si₂O (C/S) molar ratio of the component materials, indicating the greatest foaming ratio of 202% when the C/S ratio was 0.9.

Structural Studies on the Effects of ZrO[sub 2] Coating on LiCoO[sub 2] during Cycling Using In Situ X-Ray Diffraction Technique

Chung, Kyung Yoon,Yoon, Won-Sub,McBreen, James,Yang, Xiao-Qing,Oh, Si Hyoung,Shin, Ho Chul,Cho, Won Il,Cho, Byung Won The Electrochemical Society 2006 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.153 No.11

The Impact of Pathologic Diagnosed Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Clinical Outcomes in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

( Yoon Bin Jung ),( Deok Gie Kim ),( Jae Geun Lee ),( Dong Jin Joo ),( Dai Hoon Han ),( Gi Hong Choi ),( Jin Sub Choi ),( Soon Il Kim ),( Myoung Soo Kim ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Early hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is characterized by vaguely nodular appearance, well-differentiated with stromal invasion. Although clinical course of early HCC is not well known, it is a part of multistep carcinogenesis for HCC that distinguishes it from the dysplastic nodule. In this study, clinical impact of early HCC will be discussed in patients who underwent liver transplantation for HCC. Methods: A total of 364 patients underwent liver transplantation for HCC in Severance Hospital between 2005 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of early HCC. Initial tumor staging was performed according to mUICC staging system based on pathologic findings from explant liver. After subtracting data of early HCC from initial staging and re-staging was performed. A survival analysis was performed between re-staged group with early HCC and initial-staged group without early HCC. Results: Among 364 patients underwent liver transplantation for HCC, 129(35.4%) had early HCC. The presence of early HCC did not affect the overall survival (HR : 0.653, 95% CI 0.407-1.407, P=0.077) or disease-free survival (HR 1.141, 95% CI 0.690-1.884, P=0.607). A total of 80 patients with early HCC were downstaged after re-staging. In the Kaplan-meier estimate perfomed on each stage after re-staging, no significant differences between the groups were observed in the overall survival (5 years; Stage I 80.4 vs 76.6%, P=0.552; Stage II 88.4 vs 76.2%, P=0.120; Stage III 77.8 vs 63.3%; Stage IVA 17.6 vs 64.8%, P=0.398) and disease-free survival (5 years; Stage I 88.7 vs 86.5%, P=0.962; Stage II 92.6 vs 92.0%, P=0.448; Stage III 66.7 vs 63.6%, P=0.520; Stage IVA 30.8 vs 29.2%, P=0.463). Conclusions: Although it is not clear about the biologic behavior of early HCC, its effects on the long-term outcomes after liver transplantation for HCC are expected to be not significant.

The tumorigenic, invasive and metastatic potential of epithelial and round subpopulations of the SW480 human colon cancer cell line.

Yoon, Wan-Hee,Lee, Sang-Kwang,Song, Kyoung-Sub,Kim, Jong-Seok,Kim, Tae-Dong,Li, Ge,Yun, Eun-Jin,Heo, Jun-Young,Jung, Yeon-Joo,Park, Jong-Il,Kweon, Gi-Ryang,Koo, Sun-Hoe,Park, Hae-Duck,Hwang, Byung-Doo D. A. Spandidos 2008 MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS Vol.1 No.5

<P>It has been reported that the SW480 human colon cancer cell line consists of E-type and R-type cells. The long-term tumorigenic potential, invasive and metastatic properties of these subclones have not been characterized. E-type and R-type cells were subcloned using limiting dilution methods from parental SW480 cells. The cell growth rate was determined by MTT colorimetric assay, and colony forming efficiency was analyzed using Matrigel-coated plates. The activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) was assessed by zymography. Invasive and locomotive ability was analyzed using transwell chambers. In situ apoptosis detection of these subclones was also performed. In vivo long-term tumorigenicity and nodal metastasis were evaluated using nude mice. E-type cells produced spontaneously regressive tumors in spite of invasion and lymph node metastasis. In contrast, R-type cells revealed progressively growing tumors without invasion or metastasis. E-type cells exhibited increased apoptosis and invasive and motile ability, as well as strong MMP-9 and -2 activity. Although phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment induced MMP-9 activity in E-type cells, it had no effect on R-type cells. These findings suggest that E- and R-type cells may have different biological properties in terms of colon cancer progression, regression, invasion and nodal metastasis, and might serve as a useful model for these studies.</P>