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여영근,최병국,임아영,김효정,김수민,김대곤 한국유가공기술과학회 1998 Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology (JMSB) Vol.16 No.2
The lipids of milk provide energy and many essential nutrients for the newborn animal. They also have distinctive physical properties that affect the processing of dairy products. Milk fat globules mainly consist of neutral lipids like triacylglycerols, whereas the globule membranes contain the complex lipids mostly. Phospholipids are a small but important fraction of the milk lipids and are found mainly in the milk fat globule membrane and other membranous material in the skim-milk phase. The milk fats of ruminant animals are characterized by the presence of relatively high concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, especially butyric and hexanoic acids, which are rarely found in milks of non-ruminants. The fatty acids of milk lipids arise from de novo synthesis in the mammary gland and uptake from the circulating blood. The fatty acid compositions of milks are usually complex and distinctive, depending on the nature of the fatty acids synthesized de novo in the mammary gland and those received from the diet in each species. The content and composition of milks from different species vary widely: presumably, these are evolutionary adaptations to differing environments. The actual process by which these globules are formed is unkonwn, but there are indications that triglyceride-containing vesicles which bleb from endoplasmic reticulum may serve as nucleation sites for globules. Recent studies on milk have centred on the manipulation of milk lipids to increase specific fatty acids, i.e. 20-carbon omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid 20:5n3, decosahexaenoic acid 22:6n3) from marine sources because the fatty acids are closely associated with a decreased risk of coronary heart disease.
Immunolocalization of Water Channel Proteins AQP1 and AQP4 in Rat Spinal Cord
Oklinski, Michal K.,Lim, Jung-Suk,Choi, Hyo-Jung,Oklinska, Paulina,Skowronski, Mariusz T.,Kwon, Tae-Hwan SAGE Publications 2014 The Journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry Vol.62 No.8
<P>Aquaporin (AQP) is a water-selective channel protein. In the brain, AQPs play critical roles in the production of cerebrospinal fluid and in edema formation. In contrast, the expression and role of AQPs in spinal cord are unclear. We aimed to investigate the localization of AQP1 and AQP4 in normal rat spinal cord compared with the expression of marker proteins for astrocytes, neurons, and endothelial cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that AQP1 and AQP4 are expressed along all levels of the spinal cord from the cervical to lumbar levels. AQP1 immunolabeling was observed in the dorsal horns in the gray matter, whereas the labeling was weak and mainly seen close to glia limitans in the white matter. AQP1 was co-labeled with marker proteins for unmyelinated neuronal fibers (peripherin) and endothelial cells (RECA-1) of blood vessels that had penetrated through the glia limitans. In contrast, AQP1 did not colocalize with GFAP, an astrocyte marker, at any level of the spinal cord. AQP4 was exclusively localized at the astrocytes, but AQP4 expression in spinal cord exhibited a less polarized and more spatial distribution than that of brain astrocytes. The observed characteristic localization and expression patterns of AQP1 and AQP4 could provide insights toward gaining an understanding of the role of AQPs in the spinal cord.</P>
Review : Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Pros and Cons
( Hyun Chul Rhim ),( Hyo K. Lim ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2010 Gut and Liver Vol.4 No.s1
Among locoregional treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been accepted as the most popular alternative to curative transplantation or resection, and it shows an excellent local tumor control rate and acceptable morbidity. The benefits of RFA have been universally validated by the practice guidelines of international societies of hepatology. The main advantages of RFA include 1) it is minimally invasive with acceptable morbidity, 2) it enables excellent local tumor control, 3) it has promising long-term survival, and 4) it is a multimodal approach. Based on these pros, RFA will play an important role in managing the patient with early HCC (smaller than 3 cm with fewer than four tumors). The main limitations of current RFA technology in hepatic ablation include 1) limitation of ablation volume, 2) technically infeasible in some tumors due to conspicuity and dangerous location, and 3) the heat-sink effect. Many technical approaches have been introduced to overcome those limitations, including a novel guiding modality, use of artificial fluid or air, and combined treatment strategies. RFA will continue to play a role as a representative ablative modality in the management of HCC, even in the era of targeted agents. (Gut Liver 2010;4(Suppl. 1):S113-118)
P3HT, BDT-3T Polymer 고분자 유기박막태양전지에서의 안정도 및 효율감소에 대한 고찰
선욱 ( Wook Sun ),이경균 ( Kyeong K. Lee ),이성구 ( Sung Koo Lee ),이효수 ( Hyo Soo Lee ),임은희 ( Eun Hee Lim ) 한국공업화학회 2010 응용화학 Vol.14 No.2
In this writing, in order to understand stability/degradation in organic solar cell devices, the device stability of poly(3-hexylthiophene) P3HT and poly(benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b` ]dithiophene- alt-terthiophene (BDT-3T) is discussed. The OPVs were fabricated using the polymers and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyricacidmethylester (PC[60]BM) as donor and acceptor, respectively. The effect of O(2) on device stability was examined by keeping the P3HT and BDT-3Tdevices in N(2) and airand the humidity was controlled by introducing getter on encapsulation of device. The experiment was done until thousands of hours. The device stabilityof new copolymer BDT-3T was comparable to that of P3HT.
복통과 전신 피부 병변을 주소로 내원한 Degos병 1예
구본호 ( Bon Ho Ku ),임연정 ( Yeun Jung Lim ),최효경 ( Hyo Kyung Choi ),김영호 ( Young Ho Kim ),박종욱 ( Jongwook Park ),김치훈 ( Chi Hoon Kim ),장태훈 ( Tae Hoon Jang ),서용우 ( Yong Woo Seo ),조영철 ( Young Cheol Jo ),장기택 ( K 대한장연구학회 2010 Intestinal Research Vol.8 No.1
Malignant atrophic papulosis (MAP), also known as Degos’ disease, is a rare and often fatal occlusive thrombotic vasculopathy, with fewer than seven cases reported in Korea. MAP is characterized by porcelain-white, atrophic, papular skin lesions and multi-organ system involvement, especially the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and nervous system. Involvement of the GI tract is usually associated with a poor prognosis. To date, no treatment has been shown to be effective in the treatment of MAP. We describe a 52-year-old man who presented with a 5-month history of abdominal angina and a 2-year history of multiple skin lesions on the trunk and extremities. The skin lesions were papules, 4-6 mm in diameter, with a porcelain-white center and a slightly raised erythematous telangiectatic rim. A biopsy of a skin lesion showed a wedge-shaped degeneration of collagen in the dermis and atrophic epidermis. An explorative laparoscopy revealed multiple, yellow-white plaques scattered throughout the small bowel. A biopsy of the small bowel showed sclerotic vascular alterations containing intravascular fibrin thrombi. He was started on aspirin (100 mg daily) and has survived for 24 months since the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms. (Intest Res 2010;8:70-74)
간장질환 치료용 의약조성물 ( DWP 305 ) 의 이반약리작용
심점순(Jeom Soon Shim),박남준(Nam Jun Park),유영효(Young Hyo Yu),임승욱(Seung Wook Lim),염제호(Je Ho Yeom),김영만(Young Man Kim),장병수(Byeong Su Jang),박명환(Myung Hwon Park),연제덕(Je Duk Yeon),김병오(Byung O Kim),강진석(Jin Seok K 한국응용약물학회 1994 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.2 No.2
The general and some pharmacological actions of DWP 305 were investigated in animals and the following results were obtained. In central nervous system, DWP 305 had no effects on the pentobarbital induced anaesthesia, locomotor activity, rotarod test, traction test, analgesic action in mice and body temperature in rat. DWP 305 showed no depressive action on convulsion induced by strychnine, electronic shock and pentylenetetrazole. From these results, DWP 305 was considered to have no pharmacological effect on the central nervous system. Furthermore, DWP 305 had no influences on the normal blood pressure and heart rate. In the isolated ileum of guinea pig, DWP 305 inhibited contrastive effects against the acetylcholine (10^(-6)g/㎖), histamine (10^(-6)g/㎖), 5-hydroxytryptamine (10^(-6)g/㎖) and BaCl₂ (10^(-4)g/㎖) at a concentration of 2.15 X 10^(-4)g/㎖ in bath. In the isolated trachea and vas deference, DWP 305 showed no effect on the contractions produced by histamine and norepinephrine, respectively. DWP 305 showed inhibitory effect on the contractions produced by acetylcholine and oxytocin at a concentration of 2.15 X 10^(-4)g/㎖ on the isolated nonpregnant rat uterus. DWP 305 had no effect on the isolated right atrium of guinea pig, bile excretion urine volume, pH, gastrointestinal motility, gastric secretion and blood aggregation.