영유아기의 성장ㆍ발달과 올바른 이유식

정효지 호남대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.9 No.-

성장 발달이 왕성한 영유아기에는 영양요구량이 증가하는데 그 동안 섭취하던 모유의 부족으로 새로운 식품을 통한 영양공급이 이루어져야 하며 이를 이유라 한다. 올바른 이유식은 아이에게 필요한 영양을 공급하여, 신체의 성장 · 발달, 식습관 형성, 지능의 발달 및 건강증진에도 중요한 요소이다. 따라서 새로운 식품을 소개하는 영유아기에 올바른 이유식을 통하여 신체의 성장·발달에 필요한 적절한 영양을 공급하고 올바른 식습관을 형성하도록 함으로써 일생의 건강증진을 도모하도록 하여야 할 것이다. Even though mother's milk outcome decrease gradually after 6 month of childbirth, nutritional needs for rapid growth and development during infancy are increased. The baby have to get other foods as well as milk to meet nutrient requirement for survival. Weaning from milk is important in nutrient supply, formation of adequate food habit, mental maturation, and prevention of various diseases. Thus, an appropriate weaning procedure for infant including starting age, introduction method of new food, selection of food, cooking method and cooking equipments, etc, is necessary for infant's future health.

보육시설 유아의 철분의 섭취실태

정효지 호남대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.8 No.-

본 연구는 어린이집을 이용하는 유아들의 철분의 섭취실태를 조사하고자 실시되었다. 연구대상자는 서울, 대구, 광주의 두 어린이 집을 이용하는 유아중에서 169명을 선정하였고, 가정과 어린이집에서의 이틀간의 식이섭취조사를 실시하였다. 대상유아의 평균연령은 51.9개월이었고, 성별에 따른 연령의 차이는 없었다. 유아들의 평균 1일 철분의 섭취량은 7.1mg이었고 권장량의 75%미만을 섭취하는 유아의 비율이 66%였다. 철분 섭취에 대한 기여도가 가장 큰 식품군은 곡류 및 그 제품군으로 37.4%를 제공하고 있었고, 식품중에서는 초코파이의 섭취기여도가 가장 높았다. 그리고 어린이집에서의 철분의 섭취비율은 33%였고 67%는 가정에서 섭취를 하고 있었다. 유아들의 철분의 영양상태를 개선하기 위해서는 가정과 어린이집의 식사의 질을 모두 개선하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to assess dietary iron intakes of children at child care centers. The 169 subjects were recruited from 6 day care centers in 3 different provinces. The mean age of the subjects was 52.9 months and male and female subjects were 82 children (48.5%) and 87 children(51.5% ), respectively. Iron intake of children was estimated by 24-hour recall method from their mother for home intakes and direct measurement for food intakes at day care center for 2 days, Mean daily iron intake of subjects was 7.1mg, and mean intake level of males, 7.3mg, was not significantly different from that of females, 7.0mg. There was not significantly different distribution of subjects by the level of iron intake and sex(p>0.05). The food group which contributed most to the dietary iron intake of subjects was cereals and grain products supplying 37.4% of total iron intake. The next important group for iron intake was fishes and shell fishes supplying 10.3% of total intake, followed by vegetables, fruits and eggs etc. For individual food item, chocopie contributed most supplying 14.56% of total iron intake followed by rice, egg, and potatoes etc. In summary, these results of this study show that iron intake of children at day care center is low, the major sources of dietary iron were mainly plant foods. Further studies regarding nutritional iron status, and relationship between iron and development of children may need to manage children's health related to iron nutrition.

중국 연변 조선족자치주 성인과 한국 구리지역 성인의 식생활 양식 비교

이선희,백희영,김정순,문용,정효지 한국식생활문화학회 2001 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.16 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate dietary patterns and assimilation of dietary culture of Korean descendants in Yanbian, China compared to Korean. A dietary survey was conducted using one 24-hour recall method from 730 adults over 30 years of age in Yanbian, China and 695 adults over 25 years of age in Kuri, Korea. The average number of food items consumed per day was 14 in Yanbian and 20 in Kuri and there was a significant difference between the two regions(p<0.001). The foods consumed most frequently were rice, salt, the M.S.G. in Yanbian and rice, green onion and garlic in Kuri. The foods consumed most by amount were rice, cucumber, Soju in Yanbian and rice, Kimchi and grape in Kuri. The average number of dishes consumed per day was 6.4 in Yanbian, 9.4 in Kuri and the difference between the two regions was significant(p<0.001). Total number of dishes appeared in the survey was 253 in Yanbian and 494 in Kuri. The dishes consumed most frequently were cooked-rice, beverages, Kimchi, stir-fried eggplant in Yanbian and cooked-rice, Kimchi, coffee, soybean paste stew, in Kuri. The dish groups appeared most frequently were rice, stir-fried foods, vegetables and Kimchi in Yanbian and rice, Kimchi, beverages and fruits in Kuri. Male subjects in Yanbian Consumed alcohol frequently while adults in Kuri consumed coffee more frequently than Yanbian. The major meal patterns were rice+side dish, rice+soup, rice+side dish+Kimchi in Yanbian and rice+soup+side dish+Kimchi, rice+side dish+Kimchi, rice+soup+Kimchi in Kuri. Stir-fried foods, which were consumed 46.6% of all the meals, were dominant side dish in Yanbian, but stir-fried food, seasoned vegetables and grilled food appeared aver 10% in Kuri. There results show that variety of diet of Korean-Chinese in Yanbian was lower than Kuri. Korean-Chinese tend to keep traditional Korean dietary patterns of consuming rice as staple but were adapted to Chinese dietary patterns of consuming stir-fried side dishes. Efforts should be directed toward preserving Korean traditional patterns of dietary culture among Korean-Chinese population.

Changes in Copper and Zinc Metabolism after Trauma

Hyo Jee Joung 한국영양학회 1995 춘계심포지움 및 발표논문 초록 Vol.1995 No.-

Dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome risk factors among adolescents

Joung, Hyo-Jee,Hong, So-Young,Song, Yoon-Ju,Ahn, Byung-Chul,Park, Mi-Jung The Korean Pediatric Society 2012 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.55 No.4

Purpose: Unbalanced diets and decreased physical activity have contributed to increased prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in adolescents. We have performed a systematic review and data analysis to examine the association between dietary pattern and metabolic syndrome risk factors in adolescents. Methods: We searched the PubMed and BioMedLib databases for appropriate articles published during the past 10 years and selected 6 articles. The studies reviewed applied factor analysis or cluster analysis to extract dietary patterns. For data analysis, we examined the association between dietary patterns and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome risk factors using data of 3,168 adolescents (13 to 18 years) obtained from 4 consecutive Korean Nutrition Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1998, 2001, 2005, and 2007 to 2009). Results: Our systematic review confirmed that western dietary patterns are positively associated with metabolic syndrome risk factors such as obesity and elevated triglycerides, while traditional dietary patterns were negatively associated. Data analysis found that the number of adolescents aged 16 to 18 years who had "Rice & Kimchi" dietary pattern decreased, while the number having western dietary patterns increased during the 1998 to 2009 time frame. There were no changes in the dietary patterns in adolescents aged 13 to 15 years. The risk of elevated serum triglycerides and reduced serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol was high in the "Rice & Kimchi" dietary pattern compared to the other dietary pattern groups. Conclusion: Because adolescents' dietary patterns are changing continuously and have long-term effects, further studies on the dietary patterns of adolescents and their health effects into adulthood are necessary.

Strategies to Reduce Phytate Content in the Korean Diet

( Jee Min Lee ),( Shan Ji Li ),( Hyo Jee Joung ),( Hee Young Paik ) 대한가정학회 2003 International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.4 No.1

대구지역 임신부의 식품 및 영양섭취실태

정효지,최봉순,신정자,윤성도,윤확 대한지역사회영양학회 2003 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.8 No.4

This study was carried out to figure out the dietary intake of pregnant women in Daegu area. A total of 467 pregnant women was recruited at two hospitals in this area to collect the information on dietary intakes, general characteristics, and anthropometric measurements using an interview. forty-seven women (10.1%) were in the first trimester, 101 women (21.6%) in the second trimester, and 319 women (68.3%) in the third trimester. The mean age, prepregnant weight, and height of subjects were not significantly different among the trimester groups. The mean daily nutrient intakes of energy, fat, protein, carbohydrates, phosphate, sodium, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, and vitamin C were significantly different among the trimester groups, but the other nutrients were not different. for the calcium and iron, the percentage of subjects consumed less than 75% of the Korean RDA was over 80%, and for other nutrients such as energy, vitamin B₁, and vitamin B₂ over 50% of subjects consumed less than 75% of the Korean RDA in the first trimester. The correlations between nutrient intakes and weight gain during pregnancy showed different patterns among the trimester groups. The mean adequacy ratio and dietary variety scores were not significantly different among the trimester groups. The amount of food intake from cereals and cereal products were higher during the second and the third trimester compared to the first trimester, but those of the other food groups were not significantly different. In conclusion, nutrient intakes of the pregnant women for iron, calcium and some vitamins were inadequate and nutritional management programs for these nutrients are necessary.

Strategies to Reduce Phytate Content in the Korean Diet

Lee, Jee-Min,Li, Sun-Hee,Joung, Hyo-Jee,Paik, Hee-Young The Korean Home Economics Association 2003 International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.4 No.1

High dietary phytate is a known factor in reducing the bioavailability of minerals such as zinc and calcium which are already chronically low in the Korean diet. This study was conducted to develop methods for reducing dietary phytate through the addition of phytate and/or the substitution of high phytate foods with low phytate foods. Ten units of phytase per 100g of uncooked brown rice were added to brown rice gruel resulted in a 16.2% phytate reduction after a 3-hour incubation period; an 18.2% reduction was produced after a 6-hour incubation period. The addition of ten units of phytase per 100g of soybean curd residue at 45$^{\circ}C$, followed by refrigeration for 3 hours, resulted in a 19.1% phytate reduction. The addition of 20 units of phytase under the same conditions reduced phytate content by 24.6%. In this study, two typical Korean meals consisting of legumes and unrefined cereals were prepared as high phytate meals; these were then compared to low phytate meals that had been prepared by treating the foods with phytase and substituting unrefined with refined cereals (i.e., brown rice with white rice, whole wheat bread with white bread). The phytate content of the two high phytate meals was 1878.2mg and 1811.8mg. After the addition of phytase and the food substitution, the phytate content of the low phytate meals was reduced to 788.9mg and 606.0mg. The phytate to zinc molar ratio of high phytate diets was 22.4 and 21.3 and 9.4 and 7.9 for the low phytate meals. These results indicate that the nutritional status of Koreans in terms zinc and other minerals can be improved by phytate reduction. This can be accomplished through the change of milling process for some cereals and/or the enzyme treatment of some high phytate food items.

대장암 환자의 H . pylori 감염 양성률

박지훈(Jee Hoon Park),김효종(Hyo Jong Kim),동석호(Seok Ho Dong),김병호(Byung Ho Kim),이정일(Joung Il Lee),장영운(Young Woon Chang),장린(Rin Chang) 대한소화기학회 1996 대한소화기학회지 Vol.28 No.2

N/A Background: Gastrin is trophic to the normal colonic mucosa and stimulates the growth of the colorectal cancer(CRC) that possesses the gastrin receptor. Plasma gastrin has bee.n reported to elevate among patients with colorectal cancer. Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection interferes with the normal gastric inhibition mediated by somatostatin and leads to elevation in basal plasma gxtrin. A recent study reveals that Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody levels were significant1y elevated in patient with colorectal adenorna, as compared to contol subjects. We performed a retrospective study to explore whether H. pylori infection increases the risk of CRC. Methods: Stored serum samp]es from 54 patients with histologically confirmed CRC and from 58 normal control subjects were tested for IgG antibodies to H. pylori by enzyme-linked irnmunosorbent assay. Results: Antibodies to H. pylori v,ere detected in 61% of patients with CRC but in 677o of control subjects(p>0.5). And also there were no significant differences of H. pylori positivity between the patients with CRC and contro1 subjects according to age and sex Conclusion: Infection with H. pilori is not associated with an increased risk of CRC. Further prospective studies will be required to exp1ore a causal association between H. pylori and CR( . (Korean J Gastroenterol 1996; 28:179 - 184)

우리나라 영양사직의 일반적 특성에 관한 연구

문현경,정효지 대한보건협회 1997 대한보건연구 Vol.23 No.1

본 연구는 대한영양사회의 영양사 재교육에 참가한 전국의 영양사들에게 설문지를 배부하여 회수된 2.987명을 대상으로 우리나라 취업영양사의 일반적인 특성을 파악하고자 실시되었다. 조사결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상 영양사의 99.4%가 여성이었고, 연령의 분포는 20대가 79.2%, 30대가 19.5%, 40대가 1.3%였다. 교육수준은 전문대졸이 61.5%, 학사학위 소지자가 36.5% 그리고 석사학위 소지자가 2.0%였다. 2. 영양사들의 근무처는 사업체가 51.9%로 가장 많았고, 학교가 35.6%, 병원이 5.8%, 그리고 기타순이었다. 단독사무실을 가진 영양사는 50.0%였고, 컴퓨터를 업무에 활용가능한 영양사도 73.7%였다. 직장에서의 지위는 고졸사원 대우가 21.8%, 대졸사원 대우가 73.3%, 그리고 계장이상이 2.8%였다. 3. 영양사의 연령이 20대인 경우 사업체에 근무하는 비율이, 30대는 학교에 근무하는 비율이 높았다. 전문대졸 영양사는 주로 사업체에, 대졸 영양사는 학교에, 석사이상의 학력을 가진 영양사는 병원에 근무하는 비율이 높았다. 4. 영양사의 교육수준과 직장내의 지위가 낮을수록 휴직을 많이 하였고, 학교영양사의 휴직율이 가장 낮았다. 그리고 연령과 교육수준이 높을수록 단독사무실을 가지고 있었고 컴퓨터의 활용정도가 높았다. 5. 영양사의 업무는 주로 메뉴작성, 작업관리, 급식기기 및 설비관리, 급식행정 및 사무업무 등 이었다. 영양교육, 영양상담, 교육자료개발, 급식평가를 실시하는 영양사의 비율은 낮게 나타났다. 본 조사에 의하면 우리나라의 영양사직은 20대의 미혼여성이 주로 산업체나 학교에서 단체급식을 담당하는 직업이고. 영양사의 직장내의 지위나 대우가 업무에 비하여 낮은 것으로 파악된다. 그리고 영양교육, 영양상담, 건강관리와 같은 업무는 제대로 수행되지 않고 있어 환자와 일반인에 대한 건강관리 전문인으로서의 역할이 부족함을 알 수 있었다. This study was carried out to investigate general characteristics of the Korean dietician. The subjects were 2,987 dieticians who responded to the questionnaire distributed at the annual education program of the Korean Dietetic Association in 1995. The results are followings: 1. Among the subjects, female dieticians are 99.4%. In terms of age group, 20's account for 79.2%, 30's for 19.5% and 40's for 1.3%. Among the subjects, 60.5% is junior college graduate, 36.5% college graduate and 2.0% master degree holder. 2. Work places are private firm 51.9%, school 35.6%, hospital 5.8% and others. Dietician who has own office is 50.0% and dietician who uses computer in their job is 73.7%. In work places, 21.8% of them are treated as high school graduate, 73.8% as college graduate and 2.8% as supervisor. 3. The rate of job holder in private firm is higher for the dieticians of age 20's than others. For 30's, job holding rate in school is higher. Job holding rate in private firm is higher for junior college graduates. For college graduate and master degree holder, the rate is higher in school and hospital, respectively. 4. The less educated and the lower in position in work place they are, the more frequently they take long term leave. The rate of taking long-term leave is lower for school dieticians. Also, work environment is better for the older and the educated than others. 5. Major job contents for dietician are menu setting, supervision, hall management, mass service administration and miscellaneous office works. The rate of dietician doing nutrition education, counseling, developing education media, evaluating mass service was low. In summary, the majority of Korean dieticians are 20's women and major job is mass service in firms or schools. It appears that dietician's position and treatment are relatively low for their work load. Also, it is noted that the role of health care professional for patients and general public is not well supported due to the lack of job contents such as education, counseling and health management.