우리나라 정신요양시설의 이용현황 및 평가에 관한 연구

채은희,서동우,이효영 대한보건협회 2003 대한보건연구 Vol.29 No.1

After the Mental Health Act was established at 1995, mental health service in korea has continuously been changed. The demand for long-term mental health care is on rise as the number of patient among population and social costs increases. In addition, as social concern about patient s quality of life enlarged, people give weight to quality management and evaluation of long term mental health care facilities. Through the evaluation of long-term mental health care facilities, the quality of mental health care can be improved and the function of long-tern mental health care facilities will be identified in mental health care system. Therefore this article will be used as a basic data for not only enhancing their service quality, but setting role and function of long-term mental health care facilities in health care delivery system. From the evaluation of long-term mental health care facilities, the eighty percents of a total 55 facilities was high or middle level. Physical environment items were at the highest level in evaluation parts but system management items were at the lowest level. So system management should be improved. The evaluation of long-term care facilities is a chance for checking the system and finding out problems in running the facilities. Also this evaluation will help to identify the role and function of long-term mental care facilities in the health care system.

가족성 고콜레스테롤혈증 유병자에서 HMG Co-A Reductasen Inhibitor 및 Bile Acid Resin의 투여로 인한 아킬레스건 황색종의 감소

채인호,한기훈,박영배,조주희,김효수,손대원,김철호,오병희,이명묵,최윤식,서정돈,이영우 대한순환기학회 1997 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.27 No.9

韓國 低所得層 老人生活에 관한 社會ㆍ經濟 및 空間問題 硏究

李效再,池淳,朴敏子 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1979 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.34 No.-

The problems of the aged are emerging as a social problem in Korea. These problems are resulting from various factors : urban- industrialization, the change of family structure and occupational structure, the change of values and increased life-span owing o the advancement of medical science. Compared with Western developed countries where old-age welfare policies have been institutionalized, our social programs for the aged are in the beginning stage og development. In order to solve the problems of the aged, and to design old-age welfare policies, it is important that we have a clear understanding of the nature of these problems. This study was designed to find out the problems of the aged in urban low-income neighborhoods, and analyze the problems in connection with their life in family and community. Finally, the study attempted to examine the correlation between some variables and life satisfaction for the old people. The analysis was based n the data obtained from the questionnaire method of sample survey and case studies conducted through interviews. The sample was randomly selected, with the interviewees consisting of 149 residents in apartment areas and 151 in traditional housing areas. 100 three-generation households were selected in both areas purposely. The case study was used for grasping the situation of the community facilities for the elderly. 4 cases in Seoul and 1 in a rural area were selected purposely. Major findings are as follows: 1. The problems of the aged in the family directly result from their economic status. Difficulties stem from the fact that their major income source is their children's help and that even the children belong to the low-income group. This economic problem causes a lack of living space as well as health problems. They cannot afford to have proper medical care such as regular check ups or medical care during disease. The Economic problems limit their social activity and hinder their relations with their children, relatives, and friends. Nevertheless they are not interested in having jobs or work to do. They prefer, rather, to go on trips or just to rest at home in their old days. This way of thinking differs from that of their children, who believe it would be good for the old people to have work or jobs appropriate to their health condition and ability. This difference of attitude or values could be a source of strain in family relations. Related to those problems in the family is the steady corrosion of the traditional belief that old people's problems should be solved by their own family. To cope with this change, community acre programs are urgently needed. 2. The only public facility existing for the elderly on a community level, is an organization known the OLD PEOPLES HALL. The economic problems of low-income people also have an effect on the operation of the organization. That is, the lack of finances brings about a series of problems such as inadequate space, insufficient facilities and unsatisfactory programs. Institutionalized support from the government or private organization is greatly needed to have more old people participate voluntarily in this organization. 3. By the Chi-square (χ2) test it was found that some variables have a significant effect on the degree of life satisfaction of the aged. The variables are marital status, educational attainment, religious affiliation, job (whether he/she has a job or not), how (leisure) time is spent, social participation, and the frequency of visits from their childrens. It has been shown that sex, age, type pf living arrangement, frequency of going out and kinds of hobby have no strong relation to the degree of the elderlys life satisfaction. The suggestions on the basis of the above problems are as follows : 1. Since the traditional family-centered way of caring for aged has and continues to wane, various solutions are required to provide alternatives for their own selection, i.e., for the aged who want to be separated from their children public and private pay nursing homes equipped with good facilities could be established. 2. It is desirable to give priority in housing loans to low-income families who rake care of their parents in the same household, in order to reduce the dwelling space problem. 3. Institutionalized medical aid program and discount on public fares for the low-income aged are urgently needed. In addition, the arrangement of proper jobs for the aged who wish to work is recommended. 4. For the low-income aged who have nothing to do and no space for spending leisure time, increasing the number of old peoples' centers as well as developing program for recreation and education are required. 5. Counselling centers are needed for both the old people and their children who need advice for their family-related problems. Also to be recommended is the development of research institutions for providing systematic information and data to design old-age welfare policy for the future.

국제통상환경 변화에 따른 각국의 통상정책 비교연구 : 미국, EU, 일본, 한국을 중심으로

李愚採,金孝仙 강남대학교 사회과학연구소 2000 사회과학논총 Vol.9 No.-

WTO 출범에 따라 글로벌화가 가속화되고 있고, EU, NAFTA 등 지역주의의 확산에 따른 지역주의화와 글로벌화가 병존하는 시대에 있어 각국의 통상정책 또한 변화가 심한 실정이다.이러한 통상환경 아래 정부나 기업은 적절한 대안을 마련해야 할 시점에 와있다.통상환경변화에 따른 적절한 통상정책을 구사하기 위해서는 선진국, 특히 미국, EU 그리고 일본의 관련 통상정책 및 제도의 이해와 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구결과 미국과 EU는 공격적인 통상정책을 실시하고 있는데 반하여, 일본은 이중적 통상정책 펴고있는 바 선진국에 대해서는 방어적이며, 신흥공업국에 대해서는 공격적인 면을 나타내고 있다.한편 한국은 대체적으로 방어적인 통상정책의 특징을 보여주고 있다.앞으로 한국정부의 통상정책은 새로운 의제로 부각되고 있는 무역과 투자, 무역과 경쟁정책 분야에서도 국제적인 규범을 세우는 일이야말로 관심을 기울여야 한다.

노인의 인구통계학적 특성이 여가활동유형에 미치는 영향

송채훈,임효택,정명수 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.4

This study aims to examine the relationship among the types of leisure activities of the aged, their satisfaction with leisure, their concentration on leisure and their loneliness. The subject of this study is the aged over 65 years old residing in Jeollanamdo and Gwangju by random sampling and total 520 subjects of 238 men (43.3%) and 282 women (51.3%) are used for the final analysis. The examination method accepts self-test recording and questionnaire to analyze the actual conditions and satisfaction of leisure through direct participation in the leisure program conducted by educational agencies for the aged and the statistical methods used for data analysis include SPSS 10.0 for Windows, t-test and one-way ANOVA. This study obtains the four conclusions through the above methods and procedure as follows: First, it is found that the types of leisure activities according to the demographical characteristics of the aged are sports, health activities, hobby and cultural activities, amusement and social activities, there is no statistical difference according to the presence of spouse, but there are difference in the types of leisure activities enjoyed by the aged according to general characteristics. Second, it is known that there are statistically significant differences in the degree of subjective health, their satisfaction with pocket money and preparation for their old age and those who enjoy leisure activity show low loneliness, feel a considerable satisfaction with leisure and concentrate on the leisure activities.

예체능선수들의 신체적 자기개념이 생활 만족도에 미치는 영향

임효택,송채훈 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.4

The purpose of this study is to discover how people can obtain the effects of Physical Self-Concept on the Self-Esteem, a mental well-being and Life satisfaction. The earlier studies about sports science show that continuous physical exercise influences human beings to develop self -concept and self-esteem. On the base of this assumption that exercise is effective not only to enhance physical strength but also to develop self-esteem by affecting physical self-concept, the study was proceeded. For the study, 450 pieces of questionnaire, which consist of 108 questions to evaluate self-esteem, emotional satisfaction and satisfaction in daily life were contributed to a group of students who are dance majors , gymnastics majors and other non-physical related majors in Universities located in Gwang-ju. This study investigated the self-esteem, mental well-being and life satisfaction by the high and low physical self concept. The data were analysed using two-way ANOVA, correlationship analysis, and post hoc comparison method using Tukey HSD. Through the questionnaire analysis, following conclusion turned out. First of all, it proves that a group of people who dance or exercise for continuous physical activities have high physical self-concept. In particular, a group of people who exercise showed higher physical self-concept. Second, a group of people who have high physical self-concept showed higher self-esteem and emotional satisfaction compared to a group of people who have less. Accordingly, it showed that physical self-perception, self-esteem and emotional satisfaction are highly interrelated.

한국 여성 노동주기(Work Cycle)에 관한 연구

李效再 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1986 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.49 No.-

Introduction 1. Industrialization and Characteristics of Women's Labor Participation 2. Structure of Women's Work Cycle 3.Employment process of Single Migrant Women 4. Marriage and Work Cycle. 5. Changing Consciousness of Women Workers and Work Cycle Conclusion Bibliography The structural characteristics of women's labor participation in Korean industrialization which began early in 1960 has been that the bulk of young single women from the rural sector turned into a major labor force for export manufacturing and that their labor participation in the formal sector is limited to the lowest rank of simple, repetive skilled jobs. And also their employment is generally short and temporary until marriage. Women's marital status also their employment is generally short and temporary until marriage. Women's marital status is a crucial factor pushing women workers out of the formal sector and marginalizing most of them as informal workers of various categories. This trend evidences sex discrimination in employment and wage structure. Such a discriminatory structure of women labor has been a prevailing feature of working class women's work cycle at the individual level, particularly for migrants form the agricultural sector. Therefore, the experiences of young women workers who are going through the cycle of industrial labor, marriage and the reproductive role combined with income earning activities in the informal or formal sector, draws our research interest as a pertinent problem area as they are excluded from the benefits of development. This research takes a longitudinal approach to women's work cycle in order to supplement the understanding and knowledge of the structural characterics of women's work cycle, and also to provide clearer picture of women's labor particiation, which generally is analyzed only through statical data, with concrete and vivid stories of women's experiences. Furthermore, in view of the general educational level of young workers rising and the changing demoraphic structure affecting the supply of young workers declining already shown in workers seeking employment, it is expected that in the near future the export industries will have to change their employment policy form favoring young single girls to one focusing on married women. Therefore, the companies will have to improve their labor conditions making them favorable for job stability and continuity after marriage. In view of these changing factors, it is the concern of this research to understand to what extend industrial women workers are showing changes in their consciousness with regard to labor. How do they conceive their changing roles as industrial workers fr family and society, with their increased educational level? To what extent may one expect young women workers to adapt their life and work to the changing structural demands, breaking out of the constraints of the traditional work cycle? How aware and ready are they to demand changes in the discriminatory conditions that would allow then\m to attain job stability and continuity? What in their view, are the factiors hindering the improvement of discriminatory conditions and the realization of woman's rights as worker and citizen? These problems are dealt with by focusing particularly on production workers employed in high-tech industries as they are expected to spear-head such changes under the impact of the intensifying industrialization. With these problems to examine this research has selected the method of case study with in-depth interview in order to approach women's work cycle from the longitudinal perspective. In selecting the case samples, the following factors had to be taken into consideration. Assuming that the structural model of women's work cycle has emerged largely from the labor participation of young, single girl migrants from the rural areas, and that stages of Korean industrialization have changed form an emphasis on light export industries between 1962-75 to heavy industries with strategic intensification of high-tech from 1976 to the 80's, the interview cases are selected from two age groups, namely those in the thirties and those in their twenties. Expecting that those in the first age group have married and been pushed out of the formal sector, cases have been sought among the informal sector workers. And the young workers are selected form the formal sector purposely drawn from electronics and semi-conductor industries. Due to the time-consuming nature of in-depth interviews requiring a series of meetings with each worker, the interview sample is a small group of 36. Because of the sample size, the findings are not sued as the basis for any generalization about future trends of change in women's work cycle. They are presented as descriptive data to contribute to the understanding of possible changes taking place in the consciousness of young workers with regard to their work and life as sell as the changing demands of their relation to industry and the family.

農村地域社會 發展을 위한 女性의 役割

李效再,金周淑 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1977 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.30 No.-

The continued migration of rural people to the cities since 1960s has resulted in a significant decrease o f the labor force and has made more women participate in farming production. Furthermore, the role of rural women in community development has increased since rural women as well as men are mobilized for the new Village Movement (Saemaul Movement) which was started in 1971. This survey studied the enlarged rural women's role in three aspects-economic activities, household activities and community development. From the responses of 374 samples in eight villages, the conclusions were drawn as follows: 1. Women's participation in farming production has considerably increased. 85.8% of the respondents answered that they participated in the farming, higher than their husbands (82.3%). In the village where there was cooperative rice-planting, 56.9% of the respondents participated in it while one fourth had experienced working in other's farm for wages during the year. For selling of their farm products, however, rural women do not seem play a major role, though 40-50% of the respondents participate in their husband's making decision on selling their farm products. 2. The household work for preparing the meals and clothes for the family is still women's responsibility entirely, although cooking became a little easier because of somewhat improved kitchens and the use of some electric appliances for cooking. Clothes are no longer hand made and all are purchased, but washing is still done completely by hand. Women's voice in home management became louder, and the purchase of daily necessities of food and clothes is mainly decided by women. While men are the decision markers in making a loan either from the bank or private sources and in choosing the kind of crops they will plant, child rearing, purchase of big furnishings and helping the relatives are discussed and decided by husband and wife together. 3. The social activities of rural women are limited mainly to attending the village women's meeting visiting their children's schools, and shopping in the market. The examples of women visiting the public organizations were few. About one third of the respondents are participating in Kye, composed of only women. Most of the respondents are the members of the Women's Club in the village. The organization and programs of the Women's club seemed to be initiated by government rather than by the villagers themselves voluntarily. In the villages where the New Village Movement is active, women participated in the village affairs and developmental projects such as road building, forestation and other improvements of the environment. The main activities of the Club are sunning of cooperative store, collective cooking in rice-planting season, rice-saving, and cooking education for improvement of their diet. 4. The traditional social attitudes of the respondents seem to have changed : two thirds of them stressed that women as well as men should participate in community activities and also approved of having a job outside home. On marriage, too, a relatively high percentage of women think it optional. The perception of happiness among younger women is focused more on the marital relationship than on children. This survey has shown that rural women are carrying many roles as farmers, mothers, home managers, and workers for the community. In view of the fact that woman labor will be increasingly needed in production in the present structure of rural society, it raises the problem of welfare of the rural women and their children. Institutional support for more intensive development of village cooperative systems for production, consumption and household labor is under serious demands in order to facilitate their multiple roles, and the national health programs also will have to be made more available for the mother-child health. Furthermore rural women will have to be integrated in the agricultural education and technical training programs so that they may keep pace with improving farm technique and management, not as mere helpers but as equal partners with their men.

한국 여성 노동사 연구 서설 : 조선사회와 여성운동 Cotton Production and Women's Labor

李效再 이화여대 한국여성연구소 1985 여성학논집 Vol.2 No.-

Until recently the research interests concerning Korean women's status and role were mainly confined to the area of the institutional aspects and reproductive role of the family. This trend is particularly dominant in the historical study of Korean women's lives in the traditional society. The basic assumption of their approach was based upon the general theory of the sexual division of labor in that women labor is only related to the domestic sphere of the family and kinship system, serving the biological and the family reproduction. Under this assumption, women's productive labor is regarded to serve only the family subsistance, unrelated the social labor so that the issue for women's liberation has been women's participation in employment of the public wage sector. However, the reality of women's continued subordination in the family and deepening sex discrimination in employment and labor relations, in spite of increasing labor participation, has led us to realize that women's entry into the socialized wage work alone is not a sufficient condition for liberating women. Consequently there has been theoretical efforts to explain the relation between the traditional patriachy and the modern capitalistic system, arousing analytical interests into the total structure of women's labor carried out in production and reproduction. There is a need to understand as to how the double role is imposed on women while their status is continuously subordinated and discriminated through the ideology and institution of the patriarchal family under the capitalistic industrialization, particularly of the third world society. In line with this general concern, this paper focuses on women labor in the ? traditional Korean society, with particular purpose to explore into the labor patterns of cotton production carried out as women's home industry. Under the feudalistic mode of production in the Choson Dynasty the family was the basic unit of economic production with obligation to pay taxes in kind, such as rice, cotton and other goods, and to serve the military and labor duties. Women's participation in the family production, particularly cotton production in picking, spinning and weaving carried out exclusively by women should not be regarded merely for the domestic use. Their production went beyond the private needs under the feudalistic demands and exploitation so that the history of cotton industry is viewed from the national economy of the Choson Dynasty. Namely, women's labor production is viewed in terms of its significance in relation to the exploitative economy with intention to counter the assumption that women's labor in traditional society is only for the family subsistance. However, this study is only a preliminary step toward exploring into the history of Korean women's labor in the precapitalistic society with a focus on cotton production which may lead us to understand the changing aspects of women's labor from the precapitalistic society to the industrial labor in the capitalistic society.

일본의 통상환경과 상거래 관습에 관한 고찰

李愚採,金孝仙 강남대학교 사회과학연구소 2000 사회과학논총 Vol.10 No.-