인체혈장 중 에탐부톨의 HPLC 분석법의 검증 및 단일용량 투여에 의한 약물동태 연구

곽혜선,박경호,최준식,송진아,성민경,장정옥,이화정 한국약제학회 2005 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.35 No.2

An HPLC method was employed for the determination of ethambutol in human plasma. After addition of internal standard (IS, octylamine, 2 μg/mL) and alkalinization of the plasma with 5 M sodium hydroxide, the drug and IS were extracted into the mixture of chloroform and diethyl ether (40:60, v/v). Following a 15-min vortex-mixing and a 10-min centrifugation, the organic phase was spiked with 100 pL of phenylethylisocyanate (2000 μg/mL) for chemical derivatization, mixed for 5 min and evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen. The residue was reconstituted with 100 μL of mobile phase and 20 pL was injected into Cl8 column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol:water (70:30, v/v). The samples were detected utilizing an ultraviolet detector at 200 nm. The method was specific and validated with a limit of 0.15 μg/mL. Infra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were acceptable for all quality control samples including the lower limit of quantification. The applicability of this method was demonstrated by analysis of human plasma after oral administration of a single 1200-mg dose to 20 healthy subjects. From the plasma ethambutol concentration vs. time curves, the mean AUC was 9.61 ± 1.64 μg hr/mL. and Cmax of 2.68 μg/mL reached 2.73 hr after administration. The mean biological half-life of ethambutol was 3.46 ± 1.21 hr. Based on the results, this simple and validated assay could readily be used in any pharmacokinetic studies using humans.

디지털 음악 및 아날로그 음악이 악력에 미치는 영향 평가

최민지 ( Min Ji Choi ),홍지혜 ( Ji Hye Hong ),송영웅 ( Young Woong Song ) 대구가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2011 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.9 No.1

This study evaluated the effect of the music type (analog and digital) on the grip strength. Five male and five female healthy college students participated in the experiment. The independent variables were music type (analog, digital, no music) and listening time (5 min., 10 min., and 15 min.). The classic LP disc was used as the analog music and the LP was converted to mp3 to make the digital music source. Grip forces were measured every 5 minutes until 15 minutes using Jamar strain guqge. Mean forces and peak forces were used as dependent variables. The analysis of variance showed that there was no difference between analog and digital music (p>0.05). Only, the gender effect was statistically significant (p<0.05). These results should be verified using different types of music (not only classical music) or preferred music, during different listening time duration (>15 minutes).

Effects of Chungkookjang Extract on Growth Hormone Secretion from GH3 Mouse Pituitary Cell and Growth Hormone Receptor Signaling Pathway

Sun Il Choi(최선일),Ji Eun Kim(김지은),In Sik Hwang(황인식),Hye Ryun Lee(이혜련),Young Ju Lee(이영주),Hong Joo Son(손홍주),Dong Seob Kim(김동섭),Kyu Min Park(박규민),Dae Youn Hwang(황대연) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.9

뇌하수체 전엽에서 성장호르몬의 생산과 분비는 세포의 분열과 분화 그리고 이동을 조절하는 몇 가지 천연물질에 의해 유도된다. 따라서 발효과정을 통해 제조된 청국장이 성장호르몬의 대사에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 성장호르몬 분비능과 반응성을 뇌하수체 세포와 성장호르몬 표적세포에서 관찰하였다. 6가지 종류의 콩 품종으로 제조된 청국장 추출물 중에서, 대원, 대풍, 태광의 3종류 청국장 추출물은 5 mg/ml 농도에서 GH3 세포로부터 성장호르몬의 분비를 촉진하였다. 비록 세포 생존능은 이러한 추출물에 의해 유의적인 변화가 유도되지 않았으나, 성장호르몬의 분비량은 청국장 추출물의 농도에 의존적으로 증가하였다. 또한 성장호르몬의 표적 기관으로부터 유래된 MG63과 HepG2 세포는 GH3로부터 수집된 조건적 배양액에 의해 유의적으로 활성화되었다. 또한 이러한 세포에서 STAT5 발현은 대원 청국장 추출물을 처리 후, 15분 혹은 30분부터 세포질에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며, p-STAT5는 핵에서 30분 혹은 60분부터 증가하였다. 따라서 이러한 결과는 3가지 종류의 청국장 추출물은 성장호르몬의 분비를 촉진시키며, 청국장의 조건적 배양액은 성장호르몬 표적세포에서 신호전달을 유도함을 제시하고 있다. The production and secretion of growth hormone (GH) in the anterior pituitary gland can be induced by several natural products to control cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. To investigate whether Chungkookjang (CKJ) produced by the fermentation process affects GH-related metabolism, the secretion and the response of GH were observed in pituitary cells and GH target cells. Among six CKJs manufactured by different strains of glycine max, only three CKJs, including Daewon (DW), Daepung (DP), and Taegwang (TG), induced GH secretion from GH3 cells at 5.0 mg/ml concentration. There were no significant changes detected in the viability of any of the cells treated with these CKJs. In addition, the increase in GH secretion from the GH3 cells was dependent on the concentration of the three types of CKJs. The proliferation of cell lines, including MG63 and HepG2 cells, that originated from those derived from the GH target organs was significantly activated by treatment with the GH-containing conditional medium (GCM) harvested from the three CKJ-treated GH3 cells, although their induction rate was different from each other. In these cells, p-STAT5 was maximally translocated into the nucleus of MG63 cells 30 min after DW treatment, while it was translocated in HepG2 cells at 60 min. These results suggest that these three types of CKJ could enhance the secretion of GH, as well as the GCM-derived response, in the two target organs.

Dose-linear pharmacokinetics of oleanolic acid after intravenous and oral administration in rats

Jeong, Dong Won,Kim, Young Hoon,Kim, Hui Hyun,Ji, Hye Young,Yoo, Sun Dong,Choi, Won Rack,Lee, Soo Min,Han, Chang-Kyun,Lee, Hye Suk WILEY PUBLISHERS 2007 BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION Vol.28 No.2

<P>The pharmacokinetics of oleanolic acid was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. From Caco-2 cell permeation studies, oleanolic acid was a low permeability compound with no directional effects, suggesting a low in vivo absorption mediated by a passive diffusion. Oleanolic acid was metabolically unstable following incubation with rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH. After intravenous injection at doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg doses, oleanolic acid showed dose-linear pharmacokinetics as evidenced by unaltered CL (28.6–33.0 ml/min/kg), V<SUB>ss</SUB> (437–583 ml/kg), dose-normalized AUC (16.0–17.9 µg min/ml based on 1 mg/kg) and t<SUB>1/2</SUB> (41.9–52.7 min). Following oral administration of oleanolic acid at doses of 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg, T<SUB>max</SUB>, t<SUB>1/2</SUB>, dose-normalized C<SUB>max</SUB> (66–74 ng/ml based on 25 mg/kg) and dose-normalized AUC (5.4–5.9 µg min/ml based on 25 mg/kg) were comparable between 25 and 50 mg/kg dose, but the plasma concentrations at 10 mg/kg dose were not measurable as they were below the limit of quantitation (2 ng/ml). The absolute oral bioavailability was 0.7% for oral doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. The extent of urinary excretion was minimal for both i.v. and oral doses. The very low oral bioavailability of oleanolic acid could be due to a poor absorption and extensive metabolic clearance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

이산화염소수를 처리한 복숭아의 저장 중 품질 변화

이경행,최지혜,라소정,민혜인,박용이,Lee, Kyung-Haeng,Choi, Ji-Hye,Ra, So-Jung,Min, Hye-In,Park, Yong-I 한국식품영양학회 2014 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.27 No.5

복숭아의 저장성 증진을 위하여 30 ppm의 이산화염소수를 0~15분 동안 처리한 후 저장 기간에 따른 부패율, 이화학적 변화 및 기호도의 변화를 측정하였다. 대조군의 경우, 부패율은 저장 4일 이후부터는 부패된 복숭아를 보이기 시작하였으며, 저장 8일에는 31.25%의 부패율을 보였다. 그러나 이산화염소수 처리군은 4일차에는 부패된 것이 전혀 없었으며, 5분 처리군의 경우, 6일차에 6.25%의 부패율을 보였으며, 10분 및 15분 처리한 경우에는 8일 동안 저장하는 동안 부패한 것이 발견되지 않았다. 4일차에는 6시간 처리군만 12.5%로 가장 높게 나타났지만, 저장 6일차에는 열풍처리시간별로 각각 16.7, 25.0, 25.0%로 대조군과 비교할 때 모든 이산화염소수 처리군의 부패율이 현저히 낮게 나타났다. 중량변화의 경우, 저장 8일 동안 대조군의 변화가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. pH 변화에서는 이산화염소수 처리에 의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 저장기간 중 pH는 약간 증가하였다. 경도의 변화에서는 이산화염소수 처리에 의한 차이는 없었으나, 저장기간에 따른 변화에서는 대조군보다 이산화염소수 처리군이 다소 높은 경도를 나타내었다. 명도, 적색도 및 황색도의 변화에서는 대조군 및 이산화염소수 처리군 모두 처리 직후와 저장 중 차이를 보이지 않았다. 맛, 향, 색 및 종합적 기호도의 변화에서는 이산화염소수 처리 직후에는 대조군과 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그러나 저장 중 대조군의 기호도 변화가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 대조군보다는 이산화염소수 처리군의 기호도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. To prolong the shelf-life of domestic peaches, samples were treated with 30 ppm of aqueous chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) for 0~15 minute, after which the spoilage rate, changes in physico-chemical and sensory properties of treated samples were investigated. The control showed spoilage at day 4, and then 31.25% of control showed spoilage at day 8. However, samples treated with aqueous $ClO_2$ had no spoilage at day 4. On day 6, only 6.25% of samples treated with aqueous $ClO_2$ for 5 min showed spoilage. After 8 days, no spoilage was observed for samples treated with aqueous $ClO_2$ for 10 and 15 min. The weight change of the control was higher than that of aqueous $ClO_2$ treated samples for 8 days of storage. There were no differences in pH of samples among the treatments, but they were increased by storage time. Although there were no initial differences in the firmness of samples among the treatments, firmness of the control sample was decreased faster than those of the aqueous $ClO_2$ treated samples for 8 days of storage. No significant changes in lightness, redness and yellowness of the samples by aqueous $ClO_2$ treatment were observed during storage. The sensory parameters including taste, flavor, color, texture and overall acceptance at the initial period were not different among treatments. However, all scores of the control were decreased faster than those of aqueous $ClO_2$ treated samples during storage.

저산소성 허혈성 뇌손상을 유발시킨 어린 백서에서 Myeloperoxidase 측정 검사

양혜정(Hae Joung Yang),피대훈(Dae Hun Pee),임지혜(Ji Hye Lim),최병민(Byung Min Choi),이기형(Kee Hyoung Lee),은백린(Baik-Lin Eun) 대한소아신경학회 2002 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.10 No.2

목 적 : 예전에는 뇌경색 부위에서 발견되는 백혈구를 단지 뇌손상에 뒤따르는 생리적인 반응으로만 생각하였으나 최근 10년 사이 재관류 손상에서도 백혈구에 의한 염증 작용이 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려지면서 이들의 역할에 대한 연구가 새롭게 이루어지고 있다. PML의 존재는 세포질내 과립에서 분비되는 MPO를 생화학적으로 측정함으로서 증명할 수 있는데 저자들은 미성숙 뇌에서 저산소성 허혈증에 의한 뇌손상이 발생할 때 백혈구가 침윤되는 과정을 MPO 측정 검사를 통하여 관찰하였고, P와 L-selectin 억제제인 Fucoidin을 투여한 후 MPO의 변화를 확인하였다. 방 법 : 생후 7일된 어린 흰쥐를 사용하여 우측총 경동맥을 전기 응고시켜 자르고 8% 산소에 노출시켰다. 저산소 노출 후 회복 시간에 따라 동물을 희생시키고 뇌를 추출하여 뇌조직 1 g당 10mL의 20 mM potassium Phosphate buffer(pH 7.4)를 첨가하여 50초간 분쇄하였다. 각각의 균질회된 조직 샘플들은 4℃에서 20분 동안 원심 분리하여 상층액을 제거한 후, 침전물은 처음 조직량에 따라 조직 1 g당 10 mL의 0.5% cetylditrimethylethyl ammonium bromide(wt/vol)가 첨가된 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer(pH 6.0)를 첨가하였다. Vortex를 이용하여 buffer와 침전물을 잘 섞고 60℃수조에서 120분 동안 방치하였다. 그 후 각 조직 샘플들을 4 watts에서 음파처리하고 4℃에서 15분 동안 원심 분리를 시행하여 상층액을 새로운 tube에 옮겼다. MPO 측정검사를 위한 MPO reaction buffer는 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer(pH 6.0) 100 mL에 0.53 mM odianisidine edihydrochlorde와 0.0005% HO를 섞어 만들었다. MPO reaction solution 2.9 mL에 각각의 MPO sample 0.1 mL을 첨가하여 460 nm의 파장에서 5분 동안 MPO에 다른 흡광도 차이를 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 조직내 백혈구 침윤의 지표로 측정한 MPO 활성도는 대조군에서는 미미하였으나 총 경동백을 절단한 우측 대뇌군에서는 허혈 및 저산소증 유발 후 8시간째부터 현저히 증가되기 시작하여 24시간 경과 후 발현이 가장 높았으며, Fucoidin 50 mg/kg으로 전처치한 약물 실험군에서는 MPO 활성도가 현저히 감소하였다. 결 론 : 백혈구는 미성숙 뇌의 저산소성 허혈증에 의한 뇌손상에서 중요한 매개체 역할을 하며, 백혈구의 생화학적 활성도를 나타내는 MPO 활성도는 저산소성 허혈성 뇌손상의 정도를 측정하는 지표로 이용될 수 있다고 생각된다. Purpose : Neutrophils found around an infarcted area in the brain was once considered as only the physiologic response following the brain injury, but recent studies have shown that inflammatory responses by neutrophils play an important role in the reperfusion injury. The presence of ploymorphonuclear leukocytes(PML) is proven by biochemical assay of myeloperoxidase(MPO) Secreted in the cytoplasmic granules. We observed the process of PML infiltration on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury of immature rats by the assay of MPO activity and changes of the MPO activity after the administration of fucoidin, inhibitor of P- and L-selectin. Methods : We used a well characterized model of the brains of 7 day-old-rats, which had unilateral hypoxic and ischemic injuries(HI). Those injuries were induced by unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by timed exposure to hypoxic inspiratory gas mixture(8% O). MPO activity was measured in the brain tissue homogenates of HI rats(n=18) at 0, 2, 8, 24 and 48 hrs and in rats that received fucoidin immediately before and again after hypoxia(50 mg/kg, n=6) at 8 and 24 hrs. Controls(n=2) were rats with neither hypoxia nor ischemia. The brain samples were homogenized in 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer(pH 7.4) for 50 secs. The homogenate was centrifuged at 14,000 g at 4℃ for 15 mins and the supernatant was discarded. The tissue was pulverized, weighed, and suspended in 1 mL of 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer solution(pH 6.0) contatining 0.5% cetylditrimethylammonium bromide(wt/vol). The tissue was sonicated and centrifuged at 10,000 g for 15 mins. 200 µL of the supernatant was mixed with 1 mL of 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer solution(pH 6.0) containing 10 μL of 1.325 mM o-dianisidine hydrochloride and 170 µL of 3% hydrogen peroxide(vol/vol). Changes in absorbance at 460 nm were measured for 5 mins by using microplate reader. One unit of MPO activity was defined as that degrading 1 µmol peroxide/min at 25℃, and the result was expressed as units of MPO/100 gm tissue. Results : In HI rats, MPO activity increased at 2 hrs after HI and peaked at 24 hrs in the right hemisphere. In rats with fucoidin treatment immediately before and again after hypoxia, the MPO activity significantly decreased in both hemispheres compared with HI rats(P<0.05). MPO activity in the tissue of control rats was insignificant. Conclusion : The dynamic changes of the MPO activity suggest the important role of PMN on hypoxic-ischemic brain injuries in immature rats. MPO activity could be used as an index of the severity of injuries of hypoxic-ischemic brains.

보리순의 영양성분 조성

서혜지,최용민,김상천,이준수,이기택,정명근,천지연,황진봉,남진식,서우덕,황영,김행란,김세나 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2015 農業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.2

Mask modification for the shadow effect reduction by rigorous coupled-wave analysis in extreme ultraviolet lithography

최민기,신동수,오혜근 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2005 이학기술연구지 Vol.8 No.-

극자외선 리소그래피는 파세대 리소그래피 기술로 유력시 되고 있으며 세계적으로 널리 연구되고 있는 기술이다, 극자외선 리소그래피에서 마스크의 구조는 near-field intensity 분포에 영향을 끼친다, 마스크로 들어가는 빛의 사입사 각도에 따라 흡수체 층과 버퍼층은 그림자를 만들며 이러한 그림자 효과는 극자외선 리소그래피 마스크에서 aerial image contrast를 줄이며 결과적으로 패턴의 위치 이동을 야기시킬 수 있는 중요한 요소로 작용한다. 우리는 극자외선 리소그래피에서 일반적인 사입사 각도인 5˚로 마스크 흡수체 패턴의 옆면을 변형하였다, 변현된 마스크 에서의 전자기파와 반사도는 rigorous coupled-wave analysis를 이용하여 계산하였다. Extreme ultraviolet lithogrphy (EUVL) is believed to be the next generation lithography and so it is seriously under study globally The near-field intensity on the EUVL mask is affected by the mask structure The absorber and the buffer layer make a shadow since the light is shining on the mask at some angle to the normal on-axis This shadow effect in th EUVL mask is an important factor that decreases the contrast of the aerial image and as a result causes line-width variation and pattern shift Among the several possible mask structures we focused on the mask edge slope variation with a typical incident angle of 5˚ We analyzed electromagnetic wave around the mask by rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) and reflectivity in the modified mask structure

결합조직형성 법랑모세포종의 방사선학적 소견 : 증례보고 3례

최다혜,허경회,문제운,이원진,허민석,이삼선,최순철,박관수 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2006 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.37 No.1

Desmoplastic ameloblastoma is a rare histologic variant of ameloblastoma. It shows important differences in anatomic distribution, histologic appearance, and radiographic findings compared with the general type of ameloblastoma. It is histologically characterized by an abundance of densely collagenous stroma and radiographically a mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion. We present three cases of desmoplastic ameloblastoma. All the patients complained on buccal swelling with or without pain and the sites of occurrence were the anterior and the premolar region. Plain radiographs showed mixed radiopaque-radiolucent lesion with ill-defined or diffuse sclerotic margin and no external root resorption. Additionally, CT scans revealed buccal expansion and relatively well-defined margin of the lesions. The clinical and radiographic features of the presented cases were compared with those of the desmoplastic ameloblastoma in the previous literatures. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2006; 36 : 63-8)

여름 캠프활동에 관한 연구 : 서울여대 부속유치원 여름 캠프활동을 중심으로

민행난;최윤선;최인경;민혜원;임양선;이윤희;이상희 서울여자대학교 1998 아동연구 Vol.3 No.-

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