Hong JeongHa's Tianyuanshu and Zhengcheng Kaifangfa

홍성사,홍영희,김영욱,Hong, Sung Sa,Hong, Young Hee,Kim, Young Wook The Korean Society for History of Mathematics 2014 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.27 No.3

Tianyuanshu and Zengcheng Kaifangfa introduced in the Song-Yuan dynasties and their contribution to the theory of equations are one of the most important achievements in the history of Chinese mathematics. Furthermore, they became the most fundamental subject in the history of East Asian mathematics as well. The operations, or the mathematical structure of polynomials have been overlooked by traditional mathematics books. Investigation of GuIlJib (九一集) of Joseon mathematician Hong JeongHa reveals that Hong's approach to polynomials is highly structural. For the expansion of $\prod_{k=11}^{n}(x+a_k)$, Hong invented a new method which we name Hong JeongHa's synthetic expansion. Using this, he reveals that the processes in Zhengcheng Kaifangfa is not synthetic division but synthetic expansion.

Enamel Microabrasion을 시행한 법랑질과 복합레진의 전단결합강도

홍기상,이상훈,이상대 大韓小兒齒科學會 2000 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

Enamel microabrasion은 염산과 연마제를 사용하여 치아의 착색을 제거하는 술식으로서, 그 효과는 법랑질 표층에 국한된다. Enamel microabrasion으로 모든 착색이 치료 가능한 것은 아니므로, 착색이 깊을 경우에는 microabrasion후에도 제거되지 않고 남은 착색부위를 광중합 복합레진을 사용해 수복할 것이 권장된다. 본 연구의 목적은 enamel microabrasion의 방법과 시간이 법랑질에 대한 복합레진의 전단결합걍도에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이었다. 아무런 처치도 하지 않은 대조군을 1군으로 하였고, 18% 염산과 fine pumice의 혼합물을 hand applicator로 치면에 5초씩 5,10회 적용시킨 것을 각각 2,3군으로 하였다. 10% 염산과 연마제의 혼합물인 기성품 PREMA를 10:1 gear reduction handpiece로 20초씩 5, 10회 적용시킨 것을 각각 4,5군으로 하였다. 여기에 37% 인산으로 부식 후 복합레진을 결합시켜 thermocycling 후 전단결합강도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 2군이 가장 높은 결합강도(24.36±3.34MPa)를 나타내었고, 3군이 가장 낮은 결합강도 (19.35±3.43MPa)를 보였다. 전단결합강도는 2>4>5>1>3군의 순서로 감소하였다. 2. 2군은 1군과 3군보다 통계학적으로 유의성있게 높은 결합강도를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 3. 염산과 pumice로 enamel microabrasion을 시행한 2,3군과 PREMA를 사용한 4,5군 사이에는 유의한 결합강도의 차이가 없었다 (p<0.05) 4. 파절면 검사에서, adhesive failure는 3,4군에서 나타났고, cohesive failure는 1,2,3,4군에서 관찰되었다. 5군에서는 mixed failure만이 관찰되었다. 5. SEM관찰에서, 염산과 pumice로 enamel microabrasion을 시행한 2,3군에서는 인산으로 부식한 것과 비슷한 표면양상이 관찰되었고, PREMA로 처리한 4,5군에서는 1군과 흡사한 매끈한 표면양상이 관찰되었다. 각 군의 시편을 인산으로 부식시킨 다음에는 전형적인 산부식 후의 표면양상이 관찰되었고, 군간 별다른 차이가 없었다. Enamel microabrasion is a means by which superficial enamel discoloration is removed using hydrochloric acid and fine pumice. As enamel microabrasion alone may not by sufficient in cases of deeper discoloration, composite resin restoration is recommended in areas where there is remaining discoloration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different methods and number of applications of enamel microabrasion on the shear bond strength of composite resin to enamel. Untreated control was designated as groups1,5-second applications of a mixture of 18% HCI and fine pumice were performed 5 and 10 times on groups 2 and 3, respectively. A commercially available mixture of 10% HCI and abrasives (PREMA) was appliedusing a 10:1 gear reduction handpiece 5 and 10 times on groups 4 and 5, respectively, with each application lasting 20 seconds. After etching with 37% phosphoric acid, composite resin was bonded. Thermocycling was performed and shear bond strength was measured. The following results were obtained: 1. Group 2 showed the highest bond strength(24.36±3.34), while group 3 showed the lowest (19.35±3.43). Shear bond strength decreased in the following order: 2>4>5>1>3. 2. Group 2 showed bond strength significantly higher compared to groups 1 and 3(p<0.05). 3. There were no significant differences between groups 2 and 3, which had been microabraded using HCI and pumice, and groups 4 and 5, to which PREMA had been applied, when bond strengths were compared(p>0.05) 4. When modes of fracture were examined, adhesive failure was observed in groups 3 and 4, while cohesive failure was observed in groups 1,2,3 and 4. Only mixed failures were found in group 5. 5. When viewed using a SEM, groups 2 and 3, which had been microabraded using HCI and pumice, showed surface appearances similar to that of enamel etched with phosphoric acid. Groups 4 and 5, treated with PREMA, exhibited a smooth surface similar to that of group 1. All groups showed similar, typical surface characteristics following phosphoric acid etching.

성대마비환자를 대상으로 시행한 후두근전도검사의 임상적 유용성

최홍식,최영준,문상우,김태만,최홍식,최영준,문상우,김태만 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.2

Critical role of bile acid (BA) in the cellular entry and permissiveness of Hepatitis B virus in vitro

Hong‑Jai Lee,Bo‑Young Shin,Jae‑Seung Moon,Ailyn Fadriquela,Selikem Abla Nuwormegbe,Chun‑Chang Ho,Jin‑Su Shin,Jee‑Sang Yoon,Sang‑Kyou Lee,Soo‑Ki Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Lack of universal replication system for hepatitis B virus with narrow host range and organ tropism has hampered to uncover the pathogenesis of HBV. Previously, we reported the essentiality of humoral milieu and its components toward HBV and hepatitis C virus survival/viability in vitro. Of these components, the precise role of enterohepatic humoral milieu such as bile acid (BA) on HBV cultivation in vitro and in vivo is unknown. Objective We explored whether BA, specifically taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) would directly regulate the viral DNA and surface antigen expression of HBV in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. Result We found that higher concentration of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) is able to preserve the genomic stability of HBV in cell-free DMEM, showing higher the surface antigenicity than taurocholic acid (tCA). In line, we found that in vitro cell culture condition (100 μmol/L of tCDCA coupled with 1 × 108 g e/mL HBV) would be optimal for HBV entry into target cells. Using this, human (HepG2, Huh7), and rodent (Hepa1c1c7, H4-II-E) hepatoma cell lines were infected by HBV, as evidenced by the presence of HBV biomarkers (HBsAg, and HBV DNA in culture supernatant, as well as HBcAg in cell). Further, cellular entry test revealed that HBV is able to infect 12 different non-hepatic cell lines regardless of species, and organ/tissue, consequently reproducing progeny as confirmed by HBV biomarkers. Last, reinfection test showed that the progenies of HBV from immortalized HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells are able to enter into each or vice versa naïve HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells with or without BA. Conclusion This study demonstrates that enterohepatic humoral milieu such as BA, specifically tCDCA would directly regulate HBV DNA and its surface antigen expression in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. This is the first note to render HBV permissive to human or rodent hepatic and non-hepatic cells via sole manipulation of humoral milieu, thus establishing the platform for in vitro robust replication system of HBV.

정보이론 기반 한국어 준말의 분석

홍성훈 ( Sung Hoon Hong ),박선우 ( Sunwoo Park ) 경희대학교 언어연구소 2016 언어연구 Vol.33 No.2

In casual speech of Korean, words are often reduced to shorter forms by reducing one or more syllables from the original words. This word reduction comes in three types: simple deletion of one or more syllables from the source word, reduction motivated by hiatus avoidance, and reduction created by deletion of subsyllabic segment(s) with subsequent resyllabification. The third type, which we call "subsyllabic reduction (SSR)," is particularly interesting because it is not clear what motivates this specific deletion of segment strings and the subsequent phonological restructuring. This paper examines the issues surrounding SSR from the perspective of information theory (Shannon 1948) and proposes that SSR occurs to improve string well-formedness and collocational strength between segments, which are measured respectively by information-theoretic notions of ``positive logarithm`` (plog; Goldsmith 2002, 2011) and ``mutual information``. To elaborate this proposal, we compiled a list of reduced words created by SSR and examined how plog and mutual information vary with SSR. We obtained a partially positive result: Among the five types of SSR, the values of plog and mutual information change as we expected in three types, which account for 270 out of 309 cases of SSR. We suggested a tentative explanation for the remaining cases based on reverse derivation and word-edge effect. (Aitchison 2011). (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies · Keimyung University)

Underlying representation in geminates: from OT perspective

Sung-Hoon Hong,Chang-Kook Suh 한국음운론학회 2004 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.10 No.1

Hong, Sung-Hoon, and Chang-Kook Suh. 2004. Underlying represen-tation in Geminates: from an OT perspective. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology. 10.1. 129.144. This research has examined the status of Underlying Representation (UR) in Optimality Theory focusing on the representation of consonant geminates. For this purpose, we have examined geminate/singleton alternation in Ponapean employing Lexicon Optimization (LO), an algorithm proposed to select a UR among multiple inputs. We have seen that simple application of LO is problematic in singling out a UR for the case of alternation. This leads us to the version of LO that is performed on the paradigms, rather than on an individual forms (Tesar and Smolensky 1996, 2000, Inkelas 1995, 1998). After a thorough implementation of LO, we have found that the URs are simply identical to the input forms; geminate UR for the alternating case and singleton UR for the nonalternating case. Further, it was shown that a unique underlying representation of geminates, regardless of their positions in which they occur, can account for the exceptional geminate behaviors. (Hansung University and Cheonan University)

노래부르기 음악프로그램이 정신질환자의 자아존중감과 대인관계에 미치는 영향

홍상희,윤지원,이재금,김지연 병원간호사회 2006 임상간호연구 Vol.11 No.2

Purpose: The objective of this study was to verify the effects of the Singing program for psychiatric patients on their self-esteem and interpersonal relationship, and to provide data for the nursing intervention that is necessary for making their life better. Method: The subjects were 10 in-patients with psychotic disorders at C university hospital in Seoul, from july 3 to September 18 im 2005, and the methodology was one group pre experimental- post experimantal design. The instrument for the measurement of self-esteem is Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(1973), which was translated by Chun Byung Jae(1974) and the measurement of interpersoral relationship is Schleim & Guerney Relationship Change Scale(1971) which was translated by Mun Seok Mo(1980) and revised by Chun Seok Gyun(1994). SPSS program was used for the analysis of the collected data, which were analyzed by the paired t-test and one-way ANOVA. Result: Singing therapy had an effect on improvement of the self-esteem, and seemed to be more effective as the frequency of the program increased. Singing therapy had an effect on improvement of the interpersonal relatinship, and seemed to ne more effecive as the frequency of the program increased. Comclusion: Singing therapy is found out to be effective program affecting the improvement of both the self-esteem and interpersonal relationship of the psychiatric patients. Therefore the nurses can use the Singing therapy as the nursing intervention for imtrovement of the self-esteem and interpersonal relationship of the psychiatric patients in clinical practice.

Underspecification in Optimality Theory: Vowel Harmony in Classical Manchu

Sung-Hoon Hong 한국음운론학회 2002 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.8 No.2

Hong, Sung-Hoon. 2002. Underspecification in Optimality Theory: Vowel Harmony in Classical Manchu. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 8.2. 323-350. This paper addresses some important issues raised by A TR harmony in Classical Manchu, formerly treated as front/back harmony. Here, the front high vowel [i] is totally inactive with respect to the harmony: it is transparent to the harmony, and further, it does not initiate the harmony. I will show that these properties of [i] will be properly explained if we allow underspecified [i] as an option for inputs and output candidate forms. Allowing underspecified [i] in fact accords more with basic notions of Optimality Theory (OT) such as Freedom of Analysis and Richness of the Base than the analyses that do not tolerate this possibility. I will further show that once we allow underspecified [i], its selection in output candidate forms or in input forms is totally governed by OT principles such as constraint interaction and Lexicon Optimization, respectively. (Hansung University)

Three Steps of the Postcolonial Resistance in Seamus Heaney's Poetry

Hong, Sung-sook 淸州大學敎 學術硏究所 2005 人文科學論集 Vol.31 No.-

세계화는 문화의 다양성을 수용하기보다는 파괴할 가능성이 있어 과거 식민의 경험이 있는 나라들은 세계화의 확산을 자기 정체성 상실로 여길 수 있다. 심지어 세계화는 지배국에게도 그것에 대한 저항의 한 양상으로 테러리즘같은 또 다른 도전을 경험하게 했다. 세계화 이후의 현상에 대한 사무엘 헌팅턴의 '문명 충돌' 이론이 새롭게 조명됨도 위와 같은 맥락에서 이해될 수 있다. 우리 한반도역시 미국과 중국의 힘이 충돌할 수 있는 기축으로의 가능성이 고조되고 있으며 미국주도의 세계화에 대한 도전의 장으로 점차 그 윤곽을 나타내고 있다. 이 논문은 아일랜드와 우리 대한민국은 과거 식민 역사와 그로인한 분단국으로서 여러가지 유사한 경험과 통일에 대한 소망을 공유하고 있어서 아일랜드를 비교 연구함은 우리의 문제 해결에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이라는 가정 하에 쓰여 졌다. 그리고 이 논문의 목적은 셰무스 히니의 시를 읽어 탈 식민 저항의 가장 이상적인 모델을 찾으려는데 있다. 그 하나의 근거로서 셰무스 히니 시는 지역 작가의 저항에서 시작해 자유를 억압하는 큰 힘에 도전하면서 시적 자유를 추구하고 있기 때문이다. 한편 셰무스 히니 시를 다시 읽은 결과 그의 초기시 에서는 지역적 정체성을 추구하고 정의 내리려는 강한 의지를 통한 지역작가로의 저항정신을 찾아낼 수 있었다. 그러나 다음 단계에 이르면 그의 시들은 지배문화 확산의 결과인 혼종화를 수용하려는 태도를 보임으로써 전유의 단계를 거쳐 간다 그리고 1987년 이후의 작품세계에서는 실용성과는 다른 시적 자유의 추구를 통한 새로운 휴머니즘 및 지역문화의 창조라는 단계로 변해갔음을 확인하게 되었다. 한편 그의 저항은 프란츠파농식의 과격성과 정치성을 배제하고 보다 온건하고 문화적 저항의 특색을 지니고 있음도 알 수 있었다.

위신경내분비암 1례

김상일,이정은,윤상미,송홍석,이상숙 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1998 계명의대학술지 Vol.17 No.4

저자들은 67세 남자 환자에서 위부분절제술 시행 후 cisplatin와 etoposide의 복합항암화학요법을 실시한 위신경내분비암 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. The existence of gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas had been scarcely recognized. When present, the correct diagnosis is seldom made before surgery. The recognition of these tumors can be problematic for the pathologist. Some of these tumors have "small cell" appearance by light microscopic examination, but others only be called "poorly differentiated carcinoma". But tremendous advances in immunohistochemistry in the last 15 years have yielded powerful tools to the pathologist in diagnosing these tumors. We experienced a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach. The patient was a 67-year-old male and visited our hospital with epigastric pain. Subtotally resected stomach showed 3.5×4×5cm sized ulcerated tumor that was located at lesser curvature. Final diagnosis was neuroendocrine carcinoma, which stained positively for synaptophysin immunohistochemically. Herein, we report a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma of stomach and review the literature.