Ethanol Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Augments Cellular Anti-oxidant Defense through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1

Lee, Yoo-hwan,Kim, Jung-hee,Song, Choon-ho,Jang, Kyung-jeon,kim, Cheol-hong,Kang, Ji-Sook,Choi, Yung-hyun,Yoon, Hyun-Min KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for many years. Although several studies have focused on the anti-oxidative activity of this mushroom, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity have not yet been clearly established. The present study investigated the cytoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL) against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, $H_2O_2$) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in a C2C12 myoblast cell line. Methods: Oxidative stress markers were determined by using the comet assay to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Cell viability and Western blotting analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to EGL and $H_2O_2$ in C2C12 cells. Transfection with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-specific small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was conducted to understand the relationship between Nrf2 expression and $H_2O_2$-induced growth inhibition. Results: The results showed that EGL effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced growth and the generation of ROS. EGL markedly suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced comet-like DNA formation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 ($p-{\gamma}H2AX$), a widely used marker of DNA damage, suggesting that EGL prevented $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the EGL treatment effectively induced the expression of Nrf2, as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), with parallel phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the C2C12 myoblasts. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly abolished the protective effects of EGL against $H_2O_2$-induced accumulation of ROS and reduced cell growth. Notably, transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA attenuated the cytoprotective effects and HO-1 induction by EGL, indicating that EGL induced the expression of HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that EGL augments the cellular anti-oxidant defense capacity through activation of Nrf2/HO-1, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.

A New Sesame Variety, “Kangbaek” with Disease Resistance, Lodging Tolerence and High Yield

Kang-Bo Shim,Churl-Whan Kang,Suk-Bok Pae,Si-Kyu Lim,Yu-Young Lee,Duck-Yong Suh,Jae-Whan Rho,Jin Song,Dong-Whi Kim,Ho-Young Kim 한국육종학회 2005 한국육종학회지 Vol.37 No.5

A new sesame variety Kangbaek was developed from Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute in 2004. Cros wasmade by lodging resistant SP9003-3 line to the F1with high yielding capacity, folowed by pedigree selection, yield test and RYT by the sesame breeding team at the National Insti-tute of Crop Science up to 2003. The variety showed higher disease resistance, especially phytophothra disease, and lodging resis-respectively. It's 1000 grains weight was about 2.54 g indicating 0.03 g heavier than that of Yangbaekkae, and it's oil content wasabout 52%. Kangbaek also contained total 7.65mg/g of such lignans as sesamin and sesamolin. The average yield of Kang-baek was 82 kg per 10a at the national-wide regional performance.

韓國産 石竹(패랭이꽃)科 植物에 關한 本草學的 硏究

姜熙相,鄭榮穆,宋昊埈,辛民敎 한국전통의학연구소 1998 한국전통의학지 Vol.8 No.2

For the purpose of developing Korean Herbalogy with the plants of Caryophllaceae which grow wild and is planted in Korea, the these and writings on herbalogy, from literature of successive generation, have been thoroughly investigative and the results obtained were as follows: 1. There were totaled to 20 genera and 124 species in Korea and among them midical plants are 11 genera, 30 species, some 24% in total. 2. According to the oriental names which can be used for medical purpose, the medical plantss belonging to the Caryphllaceae family were classified as Herba 11, Radix 7, Foilum 2, Semen, Flos, Rhlzoma 1 each. 3. According to sum of 124 species in Caryophllaceae family, they were classified into Cerastium genera 18, Dianthus gemera 16, Pseudos tellaria genera, Lychnis genera, Stellaria genera 12 each, Melandry um genera 11, Silene genera 10, Minuaria genera 8, Gypsophila genera, Sagina genera 5 each, Arenaria genera, Cucubalus genera 3 each, Spergual genera, Vaccaria genera 2 each, Agorostema genera, Amnodenia genara, Moehringia genera, Myosoton genera, Honkenya genera 1 each. Thus it was noticed that Cerastium genera was main kind. 4. According to the number of species of the orgin plants about each chinese materia medicals, they were classified into HERBA DIANTHI 4, RADIX PSEUDOSTELLARIAE 3, SEMEN VACCARIAE 5, RADIX GYPSOPHILAE 4. 5. According to the properties and principal curative action, they were classfied into drugs for treating febrifugal and removing heat from blood, Diuretocs 6 each, Drugs for treating febrifugal and detoxicant 2, Drugs for invigorating blood, circuration and eliminating blood stasis 3, tonics 1, easing joint movement 1, stimulation of lactation 44. 6. According to nature and flavour of medical plants, they were classified into warmth, heat; each 3, cold, cool; 11 each, balance 3 and unidentifird 2. Thus it was noticed that cold and cool is the main in nature and flavour of medical plants. 7. Toxic drugs were none. From this results, It was revealed that the plants for medical purpose in Caryophllaceae was 24% of the whole, in which Herba was mostly abundunt. It is considered that may expriements and clinical approches must be continued to use Caryophllaceae plants widely.

말기 신부전 환자에서 투여 경로에 따른 유전자 재조합 인 Erythropoietin(Epokine^(�))의 효과와 안정성에 대한 연구 : 제 4상 연구 A Phase 4 Single Center Study

송현용,윤향숙,강신욱,최규헌,하성규,이호영,한대석 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.2

목 적 : 국내 독자적 기술로 첫 개발된 유전자 재조합 인 에리트로포에틴(Epokineⓡ)의 투여방법에 따른 유효성과 안정성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : Epokineⓡ을 주당 100-150 U/kg, 주 2회, 12주간 피하 주사하여 목표 또는 안정된 혈색소치 유지 후 무작위로 피하 및 정맥 주사군으로 나누어 12주간 혈액투석 및 복막투석 환자13명, 28명에서 유효성, 안정성을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 양군에서 혈색소치와 헤마토크릿은 Epokineⓡ 투여 2주 후부터 증가, 혈색소치가 혈액투석 환자는 투여 전 7.3 g/dL, 투여 12주 9.5 g/dL, 24주 10.6 g/dL로, 복막투석 환자는 6.8g/dL에서 12주 10.2 g/dL, 24주 10.8 g/dL로 증가하였다. 양군에서 교정 망상적혈구수(%)는투여 1주 후부터 전 기간동안 증가하였다. 혈청 내 철분, ferritin치는 양군에서 투여 2주 후부터감소, 총 철분 결합능은 투여 2주 후부터 증가하였다. 12주째 혈액투석 환자에서 많은 Epokineⓡ용량이 필요했으나(142.2±20.5 vs 117.3±33.6 U/kg/wk, p<0.001) 24주 후 양군의 용량차이는 없었다(123.6±41.5 vs 99.2±49.3 U/kg/wk, p>0.05). 혈액투석 환자에서 피하 주사가Epokineⓡ 투여용량이 더 적었으나(97.4±15.4 vs 145.4±2.9 U/kg/wk, p<0.002) 복막투석 환자는 차이가 없었다(93.0±60.2 vs 105.4±9.7 U/kg/wk, p>0.05) 연구기간 중 9명(18.8%)에서혈압강하제 추가가 필요한 혈압상승, 근육통 동반 상기도 감염 유사증상 및 두통 등의 부작용이 있었다. 대부분 자연소실 혹은 대증요법으로 치유되었고 2명이 부작용으로 탈락하였다. 결 론 : 말기 신부전 환자의 빈혈 개선에 사용하는 Epokineⓡ의 효과는 복막투석 환자에서 더 좋았으며 투여 경로는 정맥주사보다 피하주사가 높음을 알 수 있었다. Background : We evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of recombinant human erythropoietin(Epokine^(ⓡ)). Methods : A comparative prospective study of intravenously and subcutaneously administrated Epokine^(ⓡ) conducted 13 patients performing hemodialysis and 28 patients performing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with end-stage renal disease. Epokine^(ⓡ) was given initially at a dosage of 100 unit/kg, subcutaneously, two times a week. The patients had achieved stable or more than 10 g/dL of hemoglobin level for 12 weeks and then we randomized switching intravenously or subcutaneously administrated Epokine^(ⓡ) for another 12 weeks. Results : Hemoglobin(g/dL) and hematocrit(%) increased significantly from baseline levels beginning from 2 weeks after Epokine^(ⓡ) administration. In HD patients, hemoglobin increased significantly from 7.3 to 9.5 after 12 weeks and to 10.6 after 24 weeks. In CAPD patients, hemoglobin increased significantly from 6.8 to 10.2 after 12 weeks and then 10.8 after 24 weeks(p<0.05). Corrected reticulocyte count(%) was significantly increased from baseline levels beginning from 1 week after Epokine^(ⓡ) administration and continuously increased during study period in both group. Serum ferritin and serum iron decreased significantly and total iron binding capacity increased significantly after 2 weeks. At 12 weeks, HD patients were significantly needed more dosage of Epokine^(ⓡ) than CAPD patients(142.2±20.5 vs 117.3±33.6 U/kg/wk, p<0.001), but at 24 weeks, the dosage was not different(123.6±41.5 vs 99.2±49.3 U/kg/wk, p> 0.05). In HD patients, intravenously administrated Epokine^(ⓡ) group was more dosage than subcutaneously group(97.4±15.4 vs 145.4±2.9 U/kg/wk, p< 0.002), but CAPD patients were not different by administration method(93.0±60.2 vs 105.4±9.7 U/kg/ wk, p>0.05). The 9 cases(18.8%) were suffered from headache and flu-like syndrome, but these side effects were not severe and disappeared from conventional therapy. Conclusion : Epokine^(ⓡ) administration is safe and effective in treating anemia of ESRD patients and subcutaneously administration is significantly more effective than intravenously. (Korean J Nephrol 2002;21(2):190-198)

정중위 하악골 절골술을 이용한 구인두 편평상피암 적출술 치험례

강성호,태경 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1994 건국의과학학술지 Vol.4 No.-

Cancer of the oropharynx appears to be increasing in frequency, and several factors, such as longer life expectancy and the increasing use of tobacco and alcohol at an early stage, may be contributing to this rise. In the surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer, the increasing proportion of favorable lesion has provided more opportunity for operations that minimize cosmetic and functional disability and reduce the need for reconstruction. Adequate exposure of oropharyngeal cancer for surgical resection is very important for precise tumor ablation. The use of mandibulotomy, one of many approaches for surgical resection of oropharyngeal tumor, has increased recently. This approach is a valuable technique, allowing preservation of the mandibular arch while providing excellent visualization and access to the oral cavity and oropharynx. The authors have recently experienced a case of soft palate squamous cell carcinoma involving left tonsil in 70 years old male patient who had treated by resection of the tumor through median mandibulotomy approach with good result. So, we report this case with review of the literature.

국내 다기관에서 조사한 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균의 빈도와 임상적 특성

송진수,최평균,송경호,조재현,김성한,방지환,이창섭,박경화,박경운,신수,최희정,김의석,김동민,이미숙,박완범,김남중,오명돈,김의종,김홍빈,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

목적 : 최근 전세계적으로 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균(community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, CA-MRSA)의 보고가 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 우리나라에서는 CA-MRSA 감염증에 대한 증례보고만 있을 뿐 아직까지 체계적인 연구결과가 없는 실정이다. 저자들은 국내에서 CA-MRSA의 빈도, 감염증의 임상적 양상, 분리된 균주의 항균제내성 양상을 조사하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2005년 1월부터 2005년 6월까지 7개 병원에서 MRSA가 분리된 환자의 명단을 파악한 후 의무기록지와 건강보험심사평가원의 자료를 검토하였다. 외래나 응급실에서 혹은 입원 후 72시간 이내에 균주가 분리되고 MRSA 획득과 관련된 위험인자가 없는 경우 CA-MRSA로 정의하였으며, 분리된 균주의 임상적 의미에 따라 원인병원체(pathogen), 집락화(colonizer), 미결정(undetermined)으로 분류하였다. Penicillin과 oxacillin을 제외하고 3개 이상의 다른 계열 항균제에 내성이면 다제내성으로 정의하였다. 결과 : 연구기간동안 총 3,251주의 황색포도알균이 분리되었으며, 이 중 MRSA는 1,900주(58.4%)였다. MRSA 가운데 CA-MRSA는 114주(6.0%) 였으며, 이들이 분리된 부위는 귀(62주), 비뇨기계(14주), 피부 및 연부조직(11주), 호흡기계(10주), 혈액(3주) 등이었다. CA-MRSA 균주 가운데 집락균은 22주, 원인병원체는 22주였으며, 나머지 균주에 대해서는 그 임상적 의미를 결정할 수 없었다. 항균제 감수성 검사를 시행한 73균주 중 47주(64.4%)는 다제내성이었다. CA-MRSA 감염증 22예 중 피부 및 연부조직 감염(9예)과 중이염/외이도염(9예)이 가장 흔하였다. 침습적 감염증(invasive infection)은 4명(원발성 균혈증 3예, 감염성 관절염 1예)에서 확인되었지만, CA-MRSA 감염증으로 사망한 환자는 없었다. 결론 : 병원내 감염증에서는 MRSA가 심각한 문제이지만, 아직까지 지역사회 감염증에서 CA-MRSA는 흔하지 않았다. Background : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has emerged in patients who do not have the established risk factors. In Korea, little is known about the epidemiology and clinical features of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Material and Methods : Clinical microbiology laboratory databases of 7 hospitals were reviewed to identify the patients from whom MRSA was isolated during the period of January to July 2005. Only one isolate per patient was enrolled. In order to identify the risk factors of MRSA acquisition, the medical records and the Health Insurance Review Agency databases were reviewed. CA-MRSA was defined as MRSA isolated from patient without established risk factors. We analyzed patient demographics, underlying medical conditions, characteristics of infection, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Results : Of total 3,251 S. aureus isolates, 1900 (58.4%) were MRSAs. Of the MRSA isolates, 114 (6.0%) were CA-MRSA. Of 114 CA-MRSA isolates, 22 (19.3%) were colonizers, 22 (19.3%) were pathogens, and the clinical significance of remaining 70 (61.4%) could not be determined. Median age of the 22 patients with CA-MRSA disease was 47 years. Nine patients had skin and soft tissue infections, 9 ear infections, 3 bacteremia, 1 septic arthritis. Seven patients had underlying medical disease. None died of the CA-MRSA infections. Of the 73 isolates of CA-MRSA, 47 (64.4%) were resistant to more than 3 classes of antibiotics besides β-lactams. Conclusion : Although MRSA is highly prevalent among hospital-associated S. aureus infection, CA-MRSA infections are not common.

Glucose Oxidase가 척수지각신경절세포에 미치는 영향과 천마의 효과에 관한 연구

송호준,이용석,손영우,이강창,정종길,신민교,홍기연 대한본초학회 2002 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Objectives : To clarify the cytotoxic effect of glucose oxidase(GO) and protective effect of gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR) on spinal sensory ganglion(DRG) neurons, neurotoxicity mediated by GO was measured by MTT assay and neurofilament enzymeimmuno assay(EIA). Methods : DRG neurons were cultured in the media containing various concentrations of GO for 3 hours. In addition, neuroprotective effects of GR, on GO-induced neurotoxicity in DRG neurons were examined after DRG neurons were preincubated with various concentrations of GR for 2 hours before 15mU/ml GO for 3 hours. Results : GO decreased remarkably cell viability in dependently in these cultures, and also RG increased cell viability and amount of neurofilament in DRG neurons damaged by GO. Conclusion : It is suggested that GO has toxic effect in cultured mouse DRG neurons, and also RG was effective in the protection of GO-induced neurotoxicity in these cultures.

폐 활성 슬러지의 납 흡착에 따른 기초 요소의 영향

강미영,서정호,이창한,이송우,나영수,송승구 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 環境硏究報 Vol.16 No.-

본 연구에서는 하수 처리장에서 발생되는 상당량의 폐 슬러지를 전처리 없이 중금속 제거에 사용하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 폐 슬러지를 이용하여 중금속을 제거하는 것이다. 온도와 pH, 초기 농도의 영향과 보관 시간에 따른 납 흡착량의 영항을 흡착등온 모델과 흡착속도 모델에 적용시켜 활성슬러지의 납 흡착 특성을 고찰하였다. 납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 니켈 중 슬러지는 납을 가장 많이 제거하였고, pH 4.5~5.5에서 최대의 흡착량을 나타냈으며, 온도가 증가할수록 흡착량은 증가하였고, Langmuir model에 잘 적용되었으며, 초기 최대 흡착속도도 Michaelis-Menten 형태 식으로부터 구하였다. In sewage treatment plant, waste sludge was one of bothering thing to be treated. The objective of this study was to examine the removal of heavy metal by waste sludge. The effect of factors such as temperature, pH, storage time, initial concentration of lead, and initial amount of biomass on adsorption of lead was investigated. And the biosorption model, adsorption isotherm, and initial adsorption rate model were evaluated. Waste sludge was proved to have an excellent ability to remove lead than other heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, nickel in pure and mixed solution. The optimum pH of biosorption with waste sludge was 4.5~5.5, and the amount of adsorption was increased with increasing temperature. The adsorption isotherm of lead to waste sludge followed to Langmuir model. The initial adsorption rate of lead to waste sludge followed to Michaelis-Menten type kinetic.

인천교육대학교 과학ㆍ수학 영재 캠프의 운영에 관한 기초 연구

송상헌,정동권,강호감,여상인,노석구 인천교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2003 과학교육논총 Vol.15 No.-

경기도와 인천시의 초등교사 양성을 책임지고 있는 인천교육대학교의 입장에서는 경기·인천지역의 초등 과학과 수학분야의 영재교육 프로그램을 경험하려는 학생들에게 기대와 요구를 충족시켜 줄 책임과 의무가 있다. 이에 인천교육대학교에서는 과학교육연구소가 중심이 되어 영재교육연구원이나 영재교육원을 설치하기 위한 장기적인 목표 하에 과학·수학 영재교육을 실시할 수 있는 실제적인 방안을 모색할 필요성에 따라, 우선 실험적으로 캠프 형식의 운영을 실험해 보았다. 본 연구는 이러한 구체적인 현장 사례연구를 바탕으로 인천교육대학교에서 주관하는 영재교육추진 기본 계획 수립을 위한 초등 과학·수학분야 영재교육 프로그램의 운영 모델과 그것의 실천에 필요한 장기적인 전망을 제안한다. 캠프에서 운영할 수 있는 프로그램의 성격은 심화형의 다 주제 탐구형으로 진행하면서 다양한 교과나 체험을 위주로 한 내용과 형식을 갖출 것을 권장한다. 영재캠프에 참가할 수 있는 자격 조건과 선발 기준은 운영하고자 하는 프로그램의 내용과 성격에 가장 부합하도록 특성화되어야 하고, 캠프에 참가한 학생들에 대한 지속적인 사후 관리가 필요하다. 지속적인 교육과 운영을 위해서는 장기적인 연구 계획 및 예산 수립이 필요하며, 각 교과의 전문가들과 보다 장기적인 공동연구를 수행해야만 한다. 그러면서 영재교육연구원이나 영재교육원의 운영을 목표로 영재교사 양성을 위한 직무연수 프로그램이나 부설 사회교육원의 프로그램을 통해 학부모 교실을 운영할 수 있음도 제안한다. This is a basic study on the science and math camp program for the gifted and talented children in science and mathematics. We organized and managed empirical camp twice for 2 years. From those experiences, we proposed a sample model to manage good camp and a long term vision. This is the result of the basic study on the management of the science and mathematics camp program in Inchon National University of Education.

혈액투석중인 만성신부전 환자에서 골대사 지표로써의 Osteocalcin치

송치운,이진홍,안미애,윤환중,윤상임,성기양,이강현,송민호,이강욱,신영태,김영건,노흥규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.2

Background : Serum osteocalcin is synthesized by osteoblast and has been shown to be sensitive indicator of bone turnover inpatients with various metabolic bone disease. In renal osteodystrophy, serum osteocalcin is elevated due to decreased renal clearance and elevated level of PTH. This study was done to evaluate the usefulness of serum osteocalcin as a marker of bone metabolism and the correlation with other biochemical markers of bone metabolism. Methods : We measured serum osteocalcin, calcium, phosphorus, ALP(alkaline phosphatase) and PTH(parathyroid hormone) in 37 patients with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Osteocalcin was determined by radioimmunoassay and PTH was determined by radioimmunometric assay. Results : 1) The mean level of serum osteocalcin in ESRD patients was 233.8± 218.2ng/ml which was significantly higher than that of controls(p<0.0001). 2) The mean level of serum PTH in ESRD patients was 40.5± 43.8pg/ml was significantly higher than that of controls(p<0.005). 3) There was a significant positive correlation between the level of serum PTH, ALP and the level of serum osteocalcin in ESRD patients. 4) By using multiple regression, PTH is most reliable factor that affect to elevated level of serum osteocalcin ( beta coefficient = 0.687, Sig T<0.05). Conclusion : Serum osteocalcin as a marker of bone metabolism in ESRD patients is more useful than other biochemical marker such as serum calcium, phosphorus, ALP and PTH is a most reliable factor that affect to elevated level of serum osteocalin.