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멀티웨이브릿 변환 기반에서 통계적 추정 이론을 이용한 적응 워터마킹 기술에 관한 연구
권기룡,강균호 부산 외국어 대학교 2003 外大論叢 Vol.26 No.-
We propose adaptive watermarking using stochastic estimation theory based on multiwavelet transform in this paper. To embed watermark, the original image is decomposed into 4 levels using a discrete multiwavelet transform, then a watermark is embedded into the perceptual significant coefficients, PSCs larger than the JND (just noticeable differences) threshold of the each subband. We use DGHM multiwavelet that has approximation order 2. The JND threshold is to achieve watermark transparency and it determine the length of watermark signal. The experimental results of computer simulation of the proposed adaptive watermarking method were found to be excellent invisibility and robustness.
원호택,신현균,박현순,권석만 서울大學校 社會科學大學 心理科學硏究所 1996 心理科學 Vol.5 No.1
본 연구는 인지내용이 정서장애에 영향을 미친다는 인지적 내용-특수성 가설에 근거하여 불안장애환자의 사고내용을 조사하고자 했다. 사고내용에 있어서, 불안장애 환자들이 정상인 또는 비불안 정신장애환자와 어떤 차이점이 있는지를 조사했으며 나아가서 불안장애의 하위유형인 공황장애환자와 비공황 불안장애환자간에 어떤 차이점이 있는지를 탐색하고자 했다.이를 위해서 공황장애환자 34명, 비공황 불안장애환자 24명, 비불안 정신장애환자 34명을 포함한 92명의 정신장애 환자와 60명의 정상인을 대상으로 하여 그들의 사고내용을 측정하였다. 이들의 사고내용은 불안민감성 척도(ASI), 광장공포인지 질문지(ACQ), 신체감각 질문지(BSQ)를 사용하여 측정되었다. 각 집단별 사고내용을 정밀하게 비교하기 위하여 각 척도의 개별문항에 대해서 차이비교검증을 실시하였다.본 연구의 주된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공황 장애를 비롯해 불안장애 환자집단은 정상인 집단에 비해 세 척도에서 측정된 불안유발 사고내용을 현저하게 많이 가지고 있었다. 둘째, 공황장애 환자집단은 비불안 정신장애 환자(우울증 및 신체화) 집단에 비해 신체적 증상에 대해서 더 예민하고 이를 위협적인 것으로 평가하는 경향성이 있었다. 셋째, 공황장애 환자들은 비공황 불안장애 환자나 비불안 정신장애환자에 비해 극단적이고 파국적인 위험과 관련된 사고내용을 많이 가지고 있었다. 특히 공황장애 환자들은 다양한 신체적 증상과 변화에 예민하고 이를 죽음이나 통제상실상태와 같이 극단적이고 파국적인 것으로 해석하는 사고경향이 있는 반면, 비공황 불안장애 환자들은 대인관계에서의 부적절한 대처나 능력에 대한 부정적 평가와 같이 일반적이며 비파국적인 위험이나 위협과 관련된 사고내용을 많이 갖는 경향이 있었다.ABSTRACT The aim of the present study is to investigate some characteristics of patients with anxiety disorders in their thought contents from the theoretical perspective of the cognitive content-specificify hypothesis that cognitive contents influence emotional disorders. For this, differences in thought contents between patients with panic and non-panic anxiety disorder as well as between patients with anxiety disorders and non-anxiety psychiatric patients or nomal controls were examined.The data were collected from 92 psychiatric patients (34 panics, 24 non-panics, 34 non-anxiety psychiatric patients) and 60 normal controls. Their thought contents were measured with the Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory, Agoraphobic Cognition Questionnaire, and Body Sensation Questionnaire. The difference between groups in the individual item of the three measures was tested using ANOVA and multiple comparison tests.The main findings in the present study are as follows: First, the patients with anxiety disorders reported significantly more thoughts with anxiety-provoking contents than normal controls. Second, the patients with panic disorders tended to be more sensitive to physical symptoms and to interpret these as being threatening than the non-anxiety psychiatric patients. Third, the patients with panic disorder had more thoughts with contents related to extreme and catastrophic danger than those with non-panic anxiety disorders. In particular, those with panic disorder had strong tendency to be senstive to physical symptoms or changes and to interpret these as suggesting extreme and catastrophic danger such as death or loss of control, whereas those with non-panic anxiety disorders tended to have thoughts with contents related to general and non-catastrophic danger or threats such as inadequate coping in interpersonal situations or negative evaluation about their ability.
은행엽 물추출물이 흰쥐의 흉부대동맥 혈관이완에 미치는 영향
鄭權洙,金亨煥,安德均,崔湖榮 대한본초학회 2001 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.16 No.2
We have examined the relaxational response of the Ginkgo Folium water extract on isolated thoracic aorta from sprague dawley rat (300~350g) in the presence and absence of endothelium and the vasodilator nitric oxide. Segments of thoracic aorta obtained from rats immediately after delivery were mounted in organ baths superfused on a polygraph. We found that the thoracic aorta segments responded to the Ginkgo Folium water extract with a dose-dependent vasorelaxation. At 2.0 ㎎/㎖ Ginkgo Folium water extract, the relaxational response with and without endothelium were 75.8% and 6.9% of the maximum KCI-response. The Phenylepinephrine and 5-hydroxytrptamine - induced contraction at 10^-4M were inhibited by 77.3% and 75.8% after addition(2.0 ㎎/㎖) of the Ginkgo Folium water extract. After pre-treatment of the thoracic aorta with N^G-monomethyl-L-arginine(10^-4M), the vessels contracted in response to the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. The present results show that nitric oxide may act as a crucial signal in the vasodilative action. In conclusion, Ginkgo Folium water extract-induced relaxation in the isolated rat thoracic aorta was composed of endothelium-dependent and dose-dependent relaxation. Endothelium-dependent relaxation may be mediated by release of endothelium derived relaxing factor, nitric oxide.
서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)
김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2
Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.
투석환자에서 C-reactive protein과 심혈관계 질환의 발생과의 관계
이균상 ( Kyun Sang Lee ),이연경 ( Youn Kyoung Lee ),박병석 ( Byoung Seok Park ),정택균 ( Taek Kyun Jeong ),정균호 ( Gyun Ho Jeong ),마성권 ( Seong Kwon Ma ),김수완 ( Soo Wan Kim ),김남호 ( Nam Ho Kim ),최기철 ( Ki Chul Choi ) 대한내과학회 2002 대한내과학회지 Vol.63 No.6
배경: 동맥경화는 투석치료를 받고 있는 말기 신질환 환자에서 중요한 문제이고 이는 하나의 염증질환으로 대별된다. 심혈관계 질환은 만성 신부전 환자의 주요한 사인이고 사망원인의 약 50%를 차지한다. 본 연구는 대표적인 염증반응의 표지자인 CRP와 투석환자에서 심혈관계 위험과의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 투석환자에서 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 환자는 CRP치가 상승된 군 (CRT>8 mg/L; n=11)과 CRP치가 정상인 군(CRP≤8mg/L Background: Atherosclerosis, a major problem in patients undergoing chronic dialysis treatment, has been characterized as an inflammatory disease. Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality, accouting for approximately half of all deaths in th
A case of malignant otitis externa caused by Candida glabrata in a patient receiving haemodialysis
Bae, Woo Kyun,Lee, Kyun Sang,Park, Jeong Woo,Bae, Eun Hui,Kwon, Seong,Kim, Nam Ho,Choi, Ki Chul,Shin, Jong Hee,Cho, Hyong Ho,Cho, Yong Bum,Kim, Soo Wan Informa Healthcare 2007 Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases Vol.39 No.4
<P> A 74-y-old male receiving haemodialysis presented with right-sided otalgia, otorrhoea and diffuse swelling on the right external auditory canal. Following an initial successful treatment with prolonged intravenous antibiotics, the patient relapsed with a secondary infection in the same site due to Candida glabrata. We report an unusual case of malignant otitis externa caused by the fungus C. glabrata.</P>
Cyclo(Phe-Pro) Modulates the Expression of ompU in Vibrio spp
Park, Dae-Kyun,Lee, Ko-Eun,Baek, Chang-Ho,Kim, In Hwang,Kwon, Ji-Hyoun,Lee, Won Koo,Lee, Kyu-Ho,Kim, Byung-Soo,Choi, Sang-Ho,Kim, Kun-Soo American Society for Microbiology 2006 Journal of Bacteriology Vol.188 No.6
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P><I>Vibrio vulnificus</I> was found to produce a chemical that induced the expression of <I>Vibrio fischeri lux</I> genes. Electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry and <SUP>1</SUP>H nuclear magnetic resonance analyses indicated that the compound was cyclo(l-Phe-l-Pro) (cFP). The compound was produced at a maximal level when cell cultures reached the onset of stationary phase. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analysis of the total proteins of <I>V. vulnificus</I> indicated that expression of OmpU was enhanced by exogenously added synthetic or purified cFP. A <I>toxR</I>-null mutant failed to express <I>ompU</I> despite the addition of cFP. The related <I>Vibrio</I> spp. <I>V. cholerae</I>, <I>V. parahaemolyticus</I>, and <I>V. harveyi</I> also produced cFP, which induced the expression of their own <I>ompU</I> genes. cFP also enhanced the expression in <I>V. cholerae</I> of the <I>ctx</I> genes, which are known to be regulated by ToxR. Our results suggest that cFP is a signal molecule controlling the expression of genes important for the pathogenicity of <I>Vibrio</I> spp.</P>