Layer-by-Layer Doping of Few-Layer Graphene Film

Gü,neş,, Fethullah,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Biswas, Chandan,Han, Gang Hee,Kim, Eun Sung,Chae, Seung Jin,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Young Hee American Chemical Society 2010 ACS NANO Vol.4 No.8

<P>We propose a new method of layer-by-layer (LbL) doping of thin graphene films. Large area monolayer graphene was synthesized on Cu foil by using the chemical vapor deposition method. Each layer was transferred on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate followed by a salt-solution casting, where the whole process was repeated several times to get LbL-doped thin layers. With this method, sheet resistance was significantly decreased up to ∼80% with little sacrifice in transmittance. Unlike samples fabricated by topmost layer doping, our sample shows better environmental stability due to the presence of dominant neutral Au atoms on the surface which was confirmed by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sheet resistance of the LbL-doped four-layer graphene (11 × 11 cm<SUP>2</SUP>) was 54 Ω/sq at 85% transmittance, which meets the technical target for industrial applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2010/ancac3.2010.4.issue-8/nn1008808/production/images/medium/nn-2010-008808_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn1008808'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Genetic Characterization of Haemagglutinin 1 Domain of Influenza B Viruses Isolated in Korea during $1988{\sim}1999$

Shin, Gu-Choul,Na, Byoung-Kuk,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Ahn, Jung-Bae,Park, Jong-Won,Lee, Jin-Soo,Kim, Jee-Hee,Kim, Woo-Joo,Kang, Chun The Korean Society for Microbiology 2003 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.33 No.4

Although Korean influenza virus isolates have been genetically associated with the vaccine strains of the corresponding year, influenza B viruses have prevailed almost every year in Korea during the past decades. We have 'analyzed the genetic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of the haemagglutinin (HA) 1 domains of influenza B viruses isolated during 1988-1999 using direct RT-PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza B viruses isolated in Korea indicated that antigenically and genetically distinguishable strains of the lineage II and lineage III variants had been cocirculated. Variants prevailed in early 1990s are represented in 1996/97 and 1998/99 and some different variants have been co circulated geographically and prevailed concurrently in Korea. All HA1s of Korean isolates have amino acid substitutions mainly in the region between position 124 and 310, which was previously proposed an immunodominant region. Insertion-deletion patterns of the HA gene revealed that Korean influenza B viruses were evolved from Lee40 with different manner between lineage II and III viruses. Lineage III viruses were also divided into two groups as conserved group and inserted group, in relation to Lee40. But lineage II viruses had evolved with directional pattern. Antigenic index proposed that influenza B isolates prevailed since 1996/97 seasons might had emerged from the antigenic variants of a Seo1697-like virus and that new variants might appear from the lineage II viruses resulting in persistent prevalence in Korea.

유색미에 관한 연구 : Ⅰ. 감마선 처리에 의해 유래된 Dohoku 유색미 돌연변이체의 주요 특성 Ⅰ. Characteristics of Dohoku color rice mutants derived by Gamma-ray Mutagenesis

이희봉,최현구,김동욱,김준표,정재영,정종태 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2002 농업과학연구 Vol.29 No.2

1. 돌연변이체 DM-1과 DM-2의 간장은 양친인 Dohoku나 대구조인 흑진주벼보다 짧은 반면에 출수기는 7일내지 20일가량 늦어졌다. 2. 이들 DM-1과 DM-2의 수장은 대조구와 비슷하였으나 주당 이삭수는 대조구와 같이 DM-2에서 매우 많았다. 3. 선발된 계통들에 대한 주당 영화수는 대조구보다 적었으나 영색은 갈색내지 짙은 자주색으로 다양한 변이를 보였고 까락길이 역시 변이가 컸다. 4. 안토치안 색소에 대한 공시계통간 차이를 optical density(OD_(530))값으로 나타낸 결과 DM-2 변이계통에서 2.23, DM-3 변이계통에서 2.26으로 나타나 대조구인 흑진주벼의 2.59보다 크게 낮았다. Culm length of Dohoku mutant 1(DM 1) and mutant 2(DM 2) were shorter than Dohuko parent and Heukjinjubyo check, while days to heading were delayed seven to 20 days Panicle length of these were similar to check and number of panicle per plant of DM 2 was highly appeared than check. Spikelets per plant of the selected lines were lower than check, and glume color of these were varied from brown to dark purple and awn length was also varied according to line used. Anthocyanin content of each mutant line as measured by 530㎚ were lower than that of check in that OD 2.23 and OD 2.26 for DM 1 and DM 2, respectively, and 2.59 for check.

B형 간염 바이러스 단백질에 있어서 HLA-A2에 의해 표현되는 Epitope 펩타이드 들의 분석

이희구,임종석,김승목,이기영,김희수,김승호,권태종,최인성,정태화,김길현 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1995 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL) are an important component in host defense mechanism against viral infection. They can recongnize virus-derived peptides presented by the ClassⅠ MHC molecule at the cell surface of the infected cells. On searching for effective CTL epitopes of hepatitis B virus(HBV), we synthesized a distinct set of 9-10 mer peptide containing amino acid sequence of hepatitis B virus surface proteion that are selected on the basis of a computer modeling and the previously described HLA-A2 specific motifs. Binding assay of the synthetic peptides to HLA-A2 molecules using human antigen processing defectantn T2 cells showed what 3 out of 4 synthetic peptides enhaced the expression of HLA-A2 molemule on T2 cell surface. Two anchor positions, namely P2 and P9(or P10) appeared to play a decisive role for binding. Structural chacteristics of the peptides addressed by molecular dynamics simulation was analysed and compared. These peptides also parially triggerd CTL isolatied frmo human peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HBV positive patients, and the response was peptide-specific. These results showed that negatively-charged amino acid residue at P2 hampered binding affinity of the peptides to HLA-A2 molecules, and that binding affinity of the peptides are not always reflected by thier immunogenicity among natural T cell repertoire.

갑상선기능저하증에 합병된 중증 전자간증과 심외막 삼출액으로 의한 심장탐폰을 동반한 임신 1예

구희주,최원석,이지영,손인숙,김수녕 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2001 건국의과학학술지 Vol.11 No.-

Hypothyroidism presenting during pregnancy is rare, probably due to the lower incidence of hypothyroidism during reproductive years. And hypothyroidism rarely complicates pregnancy because most hypothyroidism is accompanied by amenorrhea and anovulation. Risk of maternal complications of hypothyroidism including preeclampsia, placental abruption, anemia, postpartum hemorrhage, cardiac dysfunction are increased. Hypothyroidism accompanies pericardial effusion frequently. But the diagnosis of pericardial effusion is usually made incidentally by routine check-up because the patient rarely complains any symptoms of pericardial effusion. Moreover it is extremely rare that pericardial effusion makes the presenting sign of hypothyroidism. We experienced a case of preeclampsia with pericardial effusion in hypothyroid parturient that needed pericardial window operation with emergency cesarean section. So we present this case with a brief review.

찬물 강제수영이 남성화된 암컷 생쥐의 통각예민도에 미치는 영향

이국희,박제민,김명정,양구범,전명호 대한생물치료정신의학회 2001 생물치료정신의학 Vol.7 No.1

The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the mice androgenized in their perinatal period show in their later life heightened basal pain sensitivity and lowered analgesic effect induced by cold water swim. Entered into the experiment were 29 female mice androgenized by intraperitoneal injection of 100㎍ testoste-rone propionate within 24 hours after birth and 30 female mice given with intraperitoneal injection of the same amount of normal saline as the control group. On 160th day after birth, the pain sensitivity was measured in terms of the tail flick latency using 52±1℃ water before and after forced swim in cold water(15±1℃) for six minutes to see the change of the pain sensitivity. The results were as follows 1) The androgenized mice revealed significantly heightened basal pain sensitivity as compared to the control mice. 2) The lowering effect of the pain sensitivity by cold water forced swim was significant in both the androgenized and the control groups, but the effect was significantly less in the androgenized mice than in the control group. From these results, the author suggests that the androgenized female mice exposed to the testosterone in the neonatal period have heightened basal pain sensitivity and lowered cold water swim-induced analgesia than the normal female mice in their later lives.

사료용 교잡종 옥수수 연구 : Ⅲ. CNU와 SK계통을 이용한 교잡종 옥수수의 건물중 및 종실 수량

이희봉,김동욱,김준표,김용일,정재영,최현구,문현귀,이충열 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2003 농업과학연구 Vol.30 No.2

공시 교잡종에 대한 각 지역에서 선발된 우수 교잡종의 간장 및 착수고는 대조구와 비슷한 경향이었으며, 생체 및 건물수량은 분얼수 및 간장과 관련이 큰 것으로 나타났으나 재식 밀도와 기상상태와도 밀접한 관계로 나타났다. 따라서 생체중은 대전지역에서 재배된 교잡종 H67이 대조구인 광안옥에 비해 53.2%로 높았고, 수원에서 역시 41.8%으로 높았으며, 종실수량은 H15과 H67에서 대조구보다 11.7%와 9.7%로 각각 높게 나타났다. 대전에서 분얼성인 H42와 무얼성인 H65에서 대조구보다 9.1%, 5.2%증가하였고, 수원에서는 분얼성이 H42와 무얼성인 H65에서 대조구보다 9.1%, 8.5% 증가하여 교잡종간, 지역간에 큰 차이를 보였다. 한편 후기 녹체성은 무얼형보다 분얼형에서 낮은 경향을 보였는데 SK계통과 교배된 조합에서 우수한 편으로 나타나 우수 교잡종 육성시 중요 고려사항으로 지적되었다. In order to develop the crude forage maize hybrids with high dry matter and grain yield, several hybrids evaluated as superior hybrids at three regions in 2001. They were planted and surveyed again for the second selection in 2002. The selected hybrids showed large difference in some major characteristics according to planting areas and dates(Suwon : April 25. Daejeon : May 15 and Milyang : May 25), but insect and disease injury were similar to check. Fresh and dry weight of the H67 hybrid at Suwon and Daejeon was the highest among hybrids including check, but low in Milyang due to raining after flowering. Grain yield was higher than check in H15 at Suwon H45 and H37 at Daejeon and H67 at Milyang.

교잡종 찰옥수수에 대한 연구 : Ⅱ. 새로 육성된 찰옥수수 교잡종 "대덕찰"에 대한 농업적 특성 Ⅱ. Agronomic Characteristics of the New Waxy Hybrids "Daedukchals"

이희봉,김효기,김동욱,김준표,정재영,최현구,강윤규 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2002 농업과학연구 Vol.29 No.2

1. 새로 육성된 4개의 대덕찰 찰옥수수 교잡종에 대한 간장은 대조구인 찰옥 1호보다 큰 반면에 개화기는 약 4∼7일 늦었으며, 모든 공시 교잡종의 주당 분얼수는 한 개이하의 무효분얼로 나타났다. 2. 새로 육성된 대덕찰옥수수의 이삭길이와 직경은 대조구인 찰옥 1호보다 크게 나타났으며, 특히 대덕찰옥수수 1호와 2호의 과피두께는 대구조보다 얇았고, 당도 역시 높게 나타나 우수 교잡종으로 평가되었다. Stem height of the new developed "Daedekchals" waxy hybrids were higher than check hybrid. Chalok #1, while days to tasseling were delayed about four to seven days. Number of tillers per plant of the these new hybrids including check were appeared to be one less as non-effective tiller. Ear length and diameter of the new waxy hybrids were longer and thicker than check, respectively. In addition pericarp thickness of the Daedekchal #1 and #2 among new developed waxy hybrids were thinner and sugar content were higher than check.

B형 간염 바이러스 단백질에 있어서 HLA-A2에 의해 표현되는 Epitope 펩타이드 들의 분석

이희구,임종석,김승목,이기영,김희수,김승호,권태종,최인성,정태화,김길현 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1995 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.5

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) are an important component in host defense mechanism against viral infection. They can recongnize virus-derived peptides presented by the Class I MHC molecule at the cell surface of the infected cells. On searching for effective CTL epitopes of hepatitis B virus(HBV), we synthesized a distinct set of 9-10 mer peptide containing amino acid sequence of hepatitis B virus surface protein that are selected on the basis of a computer modeling and the previously described HLA-A2 specific motifs.Binding assay of the synthetic peptides to HLA-A2 molecules using human antigen processing defectant T2 cells showed that 3 out of 4 synthetic peptides enhanced the expression of HLA-A2 molecule on T2 cell surface.Two anchor positions, namely P2 and P9(or P10) appeared to play a decisive role for binding.Structural. characteristics of the peptides addressed by molecular dynamics simulation was analysed and compared.These peptides also partially triggered CTL isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HBV positive patients, and the response was peptide-spcific.These results showed that negatively-charged amino acid residue at P2 hampered binding affinity of the peptides to HLA-A2 molecules, and that binding affinity of the peptides are not always reflected by their immunogenicity among natural T cell repertoire.

대장균군 검사용 간이 시험지 개발

이인애,김재화,이희구,성창근,최인성,정태화 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1998 생물공학연구지 Vol.6 No.-

대장균군 검사용 간이 시험지는 본 실험실에서 국내 최초로 고안, 개발하였으며 이 간이 시험지법은 현장 검사법의 하나로 대장균군이 내는 succinic acid dehydrogenase 때문에 tetrazolium salt 가 환원되어 적색 반점을 형성하는것을 이용한 방법으로서 이 간이 시험지의 제조는 대체로 종래의 표준 평판법과 거의 동일한 조성의 배지와 시약을 사용하여 여지에 흡착시킨 후, 건조시켜 (60℃) 멸균한 것으로 표준 평판법과 어떤 상관관계가 있는가를 검토하였다. 이 간이 시험지의 제조에서는 bile salt No. 3를 deoxycholate로 대체하여 제조 원가를 절감하였고, 또한 일본에서 현재 시판되고 있는 제품과 품질 비교시험을 하여 더 좋은 결과를 얻었으며 종래의 표준 평판법과 비교하였을 때도 오히려 표준 평판법(24-48시간 배양)보다 빠른 시간(16-20시간 배양)내에 판정할 수 있는 이점이 있으며, 표준 평판법에서는 없어서는 안될 배지나 배양 접시, pipette등의 자료및 기구가 일체 필요없고 언제 어디서나 현장에서 직접 시험할 수 있어 매우 간편하며 또한 저렴한 가격으로 제조할 수 있는 경제성이 높은 이점을 갖고 있다. The objective of this study was to develop a paper strip which could determine E. coli qualitatively and quantitatively in water, wastewater, drinks, or food. This paper strip method was a simple and rapid test method that determine E. coli by visual identification. In this study, nutrient culture media were formulated and characterized for optimum conditions. Paper strips were then prepared by impregnating into the media and dried at 60℃. The test procedure is quite simple to use. The paper strip was dipped into a sample, and excess sample was removed. The strip was then incubated at 37℃ for 16 to 20 hours and the number of colonies on the strip was counted. The color of the colony spots produced by microorganisms varied depending on the media formulation. Violet-red spots were produced by E. coli. The test method was simple, rapid and no special laboratory equipment was necessary for visual identification. Therefore, this test method is applicable to on-site tests such as field tests or home tests. The paper strip method was compared with the standard agar plate method and Japanese commercial product. The method of the economical preparation of test strips was studied for production on industrial scale.