Characterization and Beta-Secretase Inhibitory Activity of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Phellinus linteus Fruiting Body

Hang Soo Jo,Doo Jin Choi,Ji Won Choi,Yong Il Park 한국당과학회 2012 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major public health problem, and there is currently no clinically accepted treatment to cure or stop its progression. Fibrillar aggregates of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) are the major constituents of the senile plaques found in the brains of AD patients and have been related to AD neurotoxicity. A formation from amyloid precursor protein (APP) is caused mainly byβ-secretase. Phellinus linteus (PL) has been recognized as a major source of natural antioxidants that could decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, its role in protection of Aβ-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in neuronal cells remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate such an effect of PL extracts on neuroprotection by evaluating the inhibition of β-secretase activity. From the hot-water extract (PL-WE) of PL fruiting body, a high-molecular weight fraction (Et-P) and a low-molecular weight fraction (Et-S) were obtained by 75% ethanol (EtOH) precipitation. The latter was further extracted with ethyl acetate (EA). Three major water-soluble polysaccharides (Et-P1, Et-P2, Et-P3) were purified from the Et-P fraction by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Molecular masses were estimated to be ~1,629, 1,294, and 21kDa, respectively, by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). These polysaccharides were shown to be composed of glucose, galactose, and mannose as the major monosaccharides and fucose, xylose as minor ones. The FT-IR analysis suggested that they are typical polysaccharides having at least partially -linkages and possibly existing as complex with phenolic compounds. Laminarinase digestion and HPLC analysis suggested that these polysaccharides are a variant of β-(1,3)-glucan. Theses polysaccharides significantly inhibited the β-secreatase activity, suggesting that they may inhibit the formation of Aβ. Further characterizations of this extract may lead to identification of a potent therapeutic compounds for the prevention and/or decreasing the severity of AD.

올림픽 아이덴티티 디자인 트렌드 연구

조항수(Jo Hang-Soo),윤주현(JuHyun Eune) 한국디자인학회 2007 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

상황버섯 자실체로부터 분리된 수용성 다당류의 특성 분석 및 이의 베타 시크리타아제 활성 저해효과

조항수 ( Hang Soo Jo ),최두진 ( Doo Jin Choi ),정미자 ( Mi Ja Chung ),박제권 ( Jae Kweon Park ),박용일 ( Yong Ii Park ) 한국균학회 2012 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.40 No.4

알츠하이머병(Alzheimer`s disease, AD) 의 진행과정의 주요 분자는 베타아밀로이드 펩타이드(B-amyloid peptide, AB)이며, AB 생성에 가장 중요한 작용을 하는 효소가 B-secretase이다. 본 연구에서는 상황버섯 자실체로부터 수용성 고분자물을 분리, 정제하였고, 이들 고분자물이 주로 glucose, galactose, mannose 등으로 구성되어 있고, 특히, glucose 함량이 가장 많은 glucan의 일종으로서, FT-IR 구조분석, laminarinase 효소분석에 의한 결합구조 분석 등의 결과로부터, 최소한 일정 부분 beta-(1,3)-결합구조를 갖는 beta-glucans 들의 일종이고, beta-(1,6)-결합의 분지를 갖는 beta-(1,3)(1,6)-glucan은 아닌 beta-(1,3)-glucans 임을 확인하였다. Et-P는 분자량이 각각 1,629, 1,294, 21kDa인 다당류들로서, FT-IR 분석과 원소분석의 결과로 볼 때, Et-P가 페놀성(phenolic) 물질과 복합체 형태로 존재하는 다당류일 것으로 판단되었다. 상황버섯 자실체 열수 추출물로부터 분리된 수용성 다당류인 Et-P는 DPPH radical 소거능을 보이고, 특히, 뇌신경세포 사멸에 의한치매 유발 물질로 알려진 베타-아밀로이드 펩타이드(AB)를 생성하는 B-secretase 효소의 활성을 현저히 저해하는 효과를 나타냈다. 이는 상황버섯 자실체 유래 수용성 다당류인 Et-P가 향 후 보다 심도 깊은 연구를 통해 항치매 효과를 나타내는 건강 식의약소재로 개발될 가능성이 있음을 보였다. A key molecule in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer`s disease (AD) is the B-amyloid peptide (AB) generated by B-secretase activity, an aspartic protease. This study was designed to evaluate inhibitory effect of the highmolecular weight water-soluble polysaccharides (Et-P) isolated and purified from Phellinus linteus fruiting body on ß-secretase activity. The Et-P was purified from the hot water extract of Phellinus linteus fruiting body mainly by 75% ethanol precipitation and DEAE-Cellulose column chromatography. From the DEAE-Cellulose chromatogram and molecular weight analysis, the Et-P was shown to be a mixture of three polysaccharides with molecular mass of 1,629, 1,294, and 21 kDa, respectively. The monosaccharide composition of Et-P was determined to be glucose, galactose, and mannose as major sugars, glucose being the most prominent one (48% in mole percentage). The elemental analysis and FT-IR analysis suggested that Et-P is typical polysaccharides having at least partially B-linkages and possible existing as complex with phenolic compounds. The laminarinase digestion and HPAEC-PAD analysis suggested that Et-P is a variant of beta-(1,3)-glucans. The Et-P showed DPPH radical scavenging activity and, especially, a significant inhibitory activity on B-secreatase activity (48% inhibitin at 100ug/mL), suggesting that they may inhibit the formation of AB which is the major causative of Alzheimer`s disease. The results of this study suggest that the water soluble polysaccharides of Phellinus linteus fruiting body can be a potent material for the development of preventive or therapeutic agents for AD.

Spatial accuracy of fMRI activation influenced by volume- and surface-based spatial smoothing techniques

Jo, Hang Joon,Lee, Jong-Min,Kim, Jae-Hun,Shin, Yong-Wook,Kim, In-Young,Kwon, Jun Soo,Kim, Sun I. ACADEMIC PRESS 2007 NEUROIMAGE Vol.34 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>As improvements in cortical surface modeling allowed accurate cortical topology in brain imaging studies, surface-based methods for the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were introduced to overcome the topological deficiency of commonly used volume-based methods. The difference between the two methods is mainly due to the smoothing techniques applied. For practical applications, the surface-based methods need to quantitatively validate the accuracy of localizing activation. In this study, we evaluated the spatial accuracy of activation detected by the volume- and surface-based methods using simulated blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals and MRI phantoms focusing on the influence of their smoothing techniques. T1- and T2-weighted phantoms were acquired from BrainWeb (http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca/brainweb/) and used to extract cortical surfaces and to generate echo planar imaging (EPI) data. Simulated BOLD signals as the gold standard of activation in our experiment were applied to the surfaces and projected to the volume space with random noise. Three-dimensional isotropic Gaussian kernel smoothing and two-dimensional heat kernel smoothing were applied to the volume- and surface-based methods. Sensitivity and 1-specificity, which are truly and falsely detected activations, and similarity measures, which are spatially and statistically similar for the gold standard and detected activations, were calculated. In the results, the surface-based method showed the sensitivity and similarity scores of about 12% higher than the volume-based method. In conclusion, the surface-based method guarantees better spatial accuracy for the localization of BOLD signal sources within the cortex than the volume-based method.</P>

DUAL OPERATOR ALGEBRAS; SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR THE CLASSES A

Jo, Young Soo,Jung, Il Bong,Lee, Hung Hwan 대한수학회 1995 대한수학회지 Vol.32 No.4

Let H be a separable, infnite dimensional, complex Hilbert space and let L(H) denote the algebra of all bounded linear operators on H.A dual algebra is a subalgebra of L(H) that contains the identity opera to I_H and is closed in the ultraweak operator topology on L(H). This notion of dual algebras was introduced by S. Brown in [6], where he proved that every subnormal operator has a nontrivial invariant subspace. The theory of dual algebras is deeply related to the classes A_m,_n which will be defined below and the study of the problem of solving systems of simultaneous equations in the predual of a singly generated dual algebra(see [1], [3] and [4]). This theory is applied to the study of invariant subspaces and dilation theory. In particular, in [7] Chevreau-Exner-Pearcy obtained some characterizations of operators in the class A_1, N_0. In addition, Exner-Jung [10] defined certain Hereditary properties concerning a minimal isometric dilaion of T in A and obtained some characterizations for membership of the class A_1, N_0.

DUAL OPERATOR ALGEBRAS : SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR THE CLASSES □ □, □ □

JO, YOUNG SOO,JUNG, IL BONG,LEE, HUNG HWAN 경북대학교 기초과학연구소 1994 慶北大學敎 基礎科學硏究所 硏究論文集 Vol.15 No.-

요로감염이 의심되는 환자의 소변검체에서 분리된 Escherichia Coli O26의 임상적 의의

유항조 ( Hang Jo Yoo ),주원덕 ( Won Duk Joo ),김미령 ( Mi Ryung Kim ),이수정 ( Soo Jeong Lee ),구본상 ( Bon Sang Koo ),정윤성 ( Joseph Jeong ),이선호 ( Seon Ho Lee ),김성률 ( Sung Ryul Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2008 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.51 No.9

목적: 대장균에 의한 요로감염은 중증 질환의 출발점이 되는 경우가 적지 않고, 현재 non-O157 strain이 증가하고 있는 추세이며, 그 중 O26이 가장 흔한 type으로 알려져 있어, 본 연구에서는 E. coli O26 균주가 소변에서 검출될 경우의 임상적 의의를 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: 2005년 1월부터 2007년 12월까지 3년간 요로감염이 의심되는 경우, 소변배양에서 동정된 E. coli 175개 검체를 분석하였다. 균동정은 주로 MacConkey media에서 배양된 집락으로 균액을 만든 후 Vitek 1 (BioMeriaux Vitek Inc., MO., USA)으로 동정하였고, O157, O26, O111 진단용 항혈청 (National Institute of Health, Korea)으로 항혈청검사를 실시했으며, 응집반응을 보인 검체의 경우, 환자의 병력을 후향적으로 고찰하였다. 결과: 본원에 2005년부터 3년 동안, 산부인과에서 배양 의뢰한 모든 검체에서 자란 대장균은 총 331균주였으며, 이 중 요로감염이 의심되는 175개 검체를 대상으로 항혈청검사를 실시하여 O26만이 양성을 보인 경우는 22검체 (12.6%)가 있었다. 이들 검체 중, 수성 설사 (watery diarrhea), 용혈성 요독 증후군, 혈전성 혈소판감소성 자반증의 예는 8, 3, 2건으로 확인되었다. 결론: 요로감염이 의심되는 환자에서 대장균이 소변에서 배양될 경우 병원성이 있고 중증 합병증을 유발한 예가 있으므로, 대장균 균주 중, O157뿐만 아니라 O26에 대해서도 항혈청검사를 실시하여 보고하는 것이 유용할 것으로 판단된다. Objective: Escherichia coli (E. coli) O26 has been the most common type of non-O157 human isolates and it has been related with urinary tract infection and its sequelae. So we investigated the clinical significance of E. coli O26 among the cases of urinary tract infection. Methods: From January, 2005 to December, 2007, the 22 E. coli isolates that were related with urinary tract infection were analyzed. The isolates were identified biochemically by Vitek 1. We performed antisera test by O157, O26, O111 diagnostic antisera about the 22 E. coli isolates. We reviewed clinical history of the same patients retrospectively. Results: 331 E. coli isolates in the urine specimen were isolated from January, 2005 to December, 2007. 175 E. coli isolates that were related with urinary tract infection were analyzed by O157, O26, O111 antisera test. As a result, 22 isolates (13.5%) were O26 antisera positive. There were 8, 3, and 2 cases of watery diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura repectively. Conclusion: In our study, because E. coli O26 was pathogenic and developed major complications, we concluded that patients with urinary tract infection with E. coli. should examine the antisera test about E. coli O157 and O26.

The atomic structure of the Sb - induced Si(111) - 5√3 × 5√3 surface : ab initio calculations

Young-Jo Ko,Kang-Ho Park,Jeong Sook Ha,Wan Soo Yun,El-Hang Lee 한국진공학회 1998 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.- No.-

Wilson 씨 병 1 예

김헌수(Hun Soo Kim),김상진(Sang Jin Kim),조행임(Hang Im Jo) 대한안과학회 1987 대한안과학회지 Vol.28 No.3

영산강,섬진강수계 호소환경조사 -하동호 등 10개 호소 중심으로-

김신조 ( Shin Jo Kim ),송효정 ( Hyo Jeong Song ),박태진 ( Tae Jin Park ),황문영 ( Moon Young Hwang ),조항수 ( Hang Soo Cho ),송광덕 ( Kwang Duck Song ),이형진 ( Hyung Jin Lee ),김영석 ( Young Suk Kim ) 한국물환경학회 2015 한국물환경학회지 Vol.31 No.6

Yearly mean temperature in the 29 lakes surveyed ranges from 12.6 (Suncheon) to 13.9°C (Mokpo), the lowest in -2.7°C (January) and the highest in 25.9°C (July). Monthly mean the amount of rainfall recorded the highest of 336.7 mm in August and the lowest with 4.9 mm in January. A total of 424 species of phytoplankton were identified. They were 157 Chlorophyceae, 161 Bacillariophyceae, 39 Cyanophyceae, and 67 other algal taxa. The phytoplankton diversity were low in stream type reservoirs such as Guemho, Youngsan and Youngam. The population density of phytoplankton ranged from 19 to 53,161 cells/ml. Annual mean of total zooplankton abundance in 45 sites was 369±827 ind./L (n=180). Rotifers were the most common taxa and their relative abundance was high (65~77%). The benthic microinvertebrate fauna of 10 reservoirs of Jeonnam province were 71 species of 61 genera of 44 families of 16 orders of 7 classes of 4 phyla. Aquatic insects of Phylum Arthropoda were 50 species of 44 genera of 28 families of 6 orders. The number of individuals was 6,132. Diptera was highiest (41.3%), and Ephemeroptera (31.0%), Trichoptera (17.5%), Anellida (3.8%), Mollusca (3.3%), Crustacea (0.4%). Large hydrophytes were identified 32 taxa, 2 varieties 30 species 26 genera and 20 families. Especially, Jijung and Juam lakes require management such as physical remove of this ecosystem disturbance field plants. Fishes were identified total 44 taxa, such as 25 Cyprinidae (56.8%), 8 Cobitidae (17.0%), 3 Gobiidae (6.4%), 2 Bagridae (4.3%), 2 Osmeridae (4.3%), 2 Odontobutidae (4.3%), 2 Centrachidae (4.3%), 1 Siluridae (2.1%), and 1 Centropomidae (2.1%). A pale chub was dominant species (18.9%).