서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

생산성회계와 그 적용에 관한 연구

황국재,강봉준,박성한 서강대학교 경영학연구원 2004 서강경영논총 Vol.14 No.2

주 5일제도의 전면적인 시행에 따른 단축되는 종업원의 근로시간을 보전할 수 있는 다양한 방법이 최근 산업 전반에서 활발히 모색되고 있다. 이에 대하여 경영자가 취할 수 있는 한 가지 방법이 생산성을 향상시키는 것이다. 생산성을 향상시키기 위해서는 다양한 제도적인 뒷받침이 요구되는데 관리회계적인 측면에서 생산성에 대한 측정이 중요한 과제로 부각된다. 본 논문에서는 이렇듯 생산성 향상에 중요한 영향을 미치는 생산성 측정의 문제를 회계적인 관점에서 살펴보고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 우선 생산성과 생산성회계의 개념을 살펴보고 이어서 생산성회계를 기업수준에서 적용하고자 할 경우 가장 중요한 걸림돌이 되는 투입물과 산출물의 재평가에 대하여 살펴본다. 그리고 기업수준에서 생산성회계를 적용하고자 할 때 활용할 수 있는 현실적인 대안이 제시된다.

수소화를 고려한 다결정 실리콘 박막 트랜지스터의 전기적 스트레스의 영향

황성수,황한욱,김용삼 명지대학교 대학원 1999 대학원논문집 Vol.3 No.-

We have investigated the effects of electrical stress on poly-Si TFTs with different hydrogen passivation conditions. The amounts of threshold voltage shift of hydrogen passivated poly-Si TFTs are much larger than those of as-fabricated devices both under the gate bias stressing and under the gate and drain bias stressing. Also, we have quantitatively analyzed the degradation phenomena using by analytical method we have suggested that the electron trapping in the gate dielectric is the dominant degradation mechanism in only gate bias stressed poly-Si TFT while the creation of defects in the channel region and poly-Si/SiO_2 interface is prevalent in gate and drain bias stressed device.

여항산 일대의 조류분포: 1994년과의 비교연구

한성우,함규황 경남대학교 기초과학연구소 2001 硏究論文集 Vol.15 No.-

본 연구는 경상남도 함안군 여항산 일대에 도래하는 조류들의 군집 생태를 1997년 3월부터 1998년 2월에 걸쳐 조사한 결과 총 11목 28과 65종 4,388개체로 나타났으며, 최우점종은 붉은머리오목눈이 Paradoxornis webbiana(831개체 , 18.94%)였으며, 직박구리 Hypsipetes amaurotis(579개체, 13.20%), 박새 Parus major(353개체, 8.04%), 노랑턱멧새 Emberiza elegans(348개체, 7.93%), 오목눈이 Aegithalos caudatus(334개체, 7.61%) 등의 순으로 나타났으며 나타났다. 지역별 종과 개체수는 A지역 51종 1,368개체, B지역 58종 3,020개체로 B지역에서 높게 나타났으며 , 계절적 분포는 텃새가 24종(37.5%), 여름철새 22종(34.48%), 겨울철새 10종(15.62%), 나그네새 8종(12.5%)으로 텃새가 우점적으로 많이 나타났으며, 1994년의 조사와 달리 겨울철새보다 여름철새가 더 많이 관찰 되었다. 지역별 평균 종다양도와 동등한 보편종 수는 B지역의 평균이 2.95(H')와 19.02(eH')로 높게 나타났으나 지역간의 유의적 차는 없었다(P>0.05). 천연기념물에 해당되는 조류는 새매 Accipiter nisus, 잿빛개구리매 Circus cyaneus, 매 Falco peregrinus, 황조롱이 Falco tinnunculus, 솔부엉이 Ninox scutulata의 5종이었다. Community ecology of birds was investigated from March 1997 to February 1994 in Mt. Y□hang, Haman-gun in Ky□ngsangnam-do. A total of 4,388 birds, 64 species, 28 family and 11 order were recorded during censuses. The dominant species were forllowing the order of Paradoxornis webbiana(18.94%), Hypsipetes amaurotis(13.20%), Parus major(8.04%), Emberiza elegans(7.93%), Aegithalos caudatus(7.61%) The number of species and individuals were A area (51 sp., 1,368 ind.), B area (58 sp. 3,020 ind.) and this were most abundant in B area. Status on the distribution of birds were resident 24 species (37.5%), summer visitor 22 species (34.48%) winter visitor 10 species (15.62%) and passage migrant 8 species (12.5%). Means of species diversity (H') and number of equally common species (eH') were most high in B area and there were difference significant no between two areas Similarity among three mountains Mt . Y□hang; Mt. Juheul (0.47), Mt. Wolak (0.38), Mt. Choryeong (0.45), Mt. Chilgab (0.47), Mt. Yeonhwa (0.65)] in Korea were most high between Mt. Y□hang and Mt. Yeonhwa. The natural monument birds were five species: Accipiter nisus, Circus cyaneus, Falco peregrinus, Falco tinnunculus and Ninox scutulata.

직업적 연폭로에서 혈중 연량 수준에 따른 선별검사로서의 혈중 ZPP 검사의 타당도

한구석,안현철,김용배,리갑수,김화성,황규윤,장봉기,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1

In order to evaluate the validity of current screening criteria of lead exposure and to provide effective information for the better health management of lead workers, author investigated the interrelationship between blood lead and blood zinc protoporphyrin(ZPP) and evaluate the validity of blood zinc protoporphyrin as the screening test and blood lead as gold standard of diagnostic test. The total of 2245 lead workers (male workers: 1982, female workers : 263) from 12 lead using industries were studied. Blood lead, ZPP, hemoglobin and hematocrit were selected as lead exposure variables. Personal information on sex, age and work duration were also checked. Blood lead was measured with flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (model: Hitachi 8100) using standard addition method. Blood ZPP was measured with portable hematoflurometer (model: Aviv 206). The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean blood lead of all lead workers were 0.7±14.3㎍/㎗(Male: 31.0±14.4㎍/㎗, Female: 28.2±12.9㎍/㎗), whereas the mean blood ZPP of those were 68.1±47.5㎍/㎗(Male: 63.9±43.7㎍/㎗, Female: 100.1±61.0㎍/㎗). The mean value of hemoglobin and hematocrit of all lead workers were 14.5±1.5g/㎗(Male: 14.7±1.3g/㎗, Female: 12.3±1.2g/㎗) and 45.4±3.6(Male: 46.2±2.8, Female: 39.5±3.1) respectively. 2. Validity of test using blood zinc protoporphyrin as screening test for blood lead levels of 30㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that the highest validity value for male and female lead workers were 50 and 90 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP respectively, showing 50 and 60 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP for all lead workers. While those test for blood lead levels of 40㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that the highest validity value for male and female lead workers were 60 and 90 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP respectively, showing 60 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP for all lead workers, those test for blood lead levels of 50 and 60㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that the highest validity value for male and female lead workers were 60 or 70 and 100 ㎍/㎗ ZPP respectively, showing 60and 70 or 80 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP for all lead workers. 3. Predictive value of test using blood zinc protoporphyrin as the screening test for different blood lead levels of 30, 40, 50 and 60㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that positive predictive value of screening test were decreased by the increase of blood lead level regardless of csreening criteria value ZPP and negative predictive value of screening test were increased accordingly regardless of screening criteria value of ZPP. On the other hand, within same blood lead level as a gold standard positive predictive values were inceased by the increase of screening criteria value of ZPP, whereas the negative predictive value were decreased accordingly by the the increase of screening criteria value of ZPP. 4. The correlation analysis of all lead workers among study variables revealed that CPbB and natural log transformation ZPP(LZPP) were better correlated with other variables and found to be better estimate than PbB and ZPP themselves. The age was correlated with all other variables, but the work duration was not. The correlation analysis of male and female workers among study variables revealed the same results with all lead workers. 5. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with ZPP in female workers(3.223)was steeper than in male workers(2.144). That of lead workers with work duration of less than 1 year was steeper than that of lead workers whose work duration was more than 1 year. But there was no slope difference between two groups divided by their work duration of 2 years less and more. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB lead (independent variable)with ZPP in lead workers whose blood lead were higher than 30㎍/㎗and 40㎍/㎗ were steeper than those whose blood lead were less than 30㎍/㎗ and 40㎍/㎗. 6. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with ZPP in lead industries with low mean blood lead were less steeper than those with high mean blood lead. 7. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with LZPP in female workers(0.0308was steeper than in male workers(0.0253). That of lead workers with work duration of less than 1 year was steeper than that of lead workers whose work duration was more than 1 year. But where was no slope difference between two groups divided by their work duration of 2 years less and more. While the slope of simple linear regression of CPbB lead (independent variable) with LZPP in lead workers whose blood lead were hogher than 30㎍/㎗ was not steeper than those whose blood lead were less than 30㎍/㎗, there was no slope difference between two groups whose blood lead were less than 40㎍/㎗ and more than 40㎍/㎗. 8. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with LZPP in lead industries with low mean blood lead were less steeper than those with high mean blood lead, but the difference was not significant then that of CPbB and ZPP. With above results, it is recommended that the screening criteria value of ZPP should be down to 60-70㎍/㎗ from 100㎍/㎗ for male lead workers and screening criteria of ZPP for female lead workers was all right with current value of 100㎍/㎗. So it is recommended to make different screening criteria of ZPP for male and female workers like the hemoglobin and hematocrit screening criteria. It is also preferable to use CPbB and LZPP rather than uncorrected PbB and ZPP in the evaluation of lead exposure for lead workers.

순차적으로 도우핑한 드레인을 가지는 다결정 실리콘 박막 트랜지스터의 특성 및 수소화 효과

황성수,김동진,황한욱,김용상 명지대학교 대학원 1997 대학원논문집 Vol.2 No.-

We have fabricated a novel gradually doped drain(GDD) structured poly-Si thin-film transistor. The GDD poly-Si TFTs reduce a fabrication process step, compared with the conventional LDD poly-Si TFT. without LDD implant by employing taper etched Si0_2 film instead of LDD implantation mask. The leakage current of GDD device is reduced two orders of magnitude from 21.52×10 exp (-9) A to 0.14×10 exp (-9) A in OFF state while keeping the ON current to be almost identical to that of the non-LDD poly-Si TFT's After 5 hours hydrogen passivation, the ON/OFF current ratio is increased by four times of magnitude, and the device characteristics, such as threshold voltage, subthreshold slope and leakage current, are improved remarkably.

LDD 구조의 다결정 실리콘 박막 트랜지스터의 특성과 최적화

황한욱,황성수,김용상 명지대학교 대학원 1998 대학원논문집 Vol.2 No.-

We have fabricated a LDD structured polysilicon thin film transistor with low leakge current and be optimized LDD length has been obtained. The device performance is improved by hydrogen passivation process. The on/off current ratio of poly-Si TFT's with 0.5㎛ and 1.0㎛ LDD length is much higher than that of conventional structured device due to the decrease of leakage current. The optimized LDD length may be 0.5㎛ from the experimental data such as on/off current ratio, threshold voltage and hydrogenation effect.

도재면 전처리 방법이 도재-레진간 접착에 미치는 영향

황성욱,김교한 대한치과기재학회 1996 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.23 No.2

The present study investigated the effectiveness of several surface pretreatment methods on the bonding of resin to dental porcelain. We used the BIS-GMA adhesive resin without the silane coupling agent. the #1,000 SiC pater ground porcelain specimens were treated with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid(HF) etching(Group Ⅰ), 50㎛ Al₂O₃sandblasting (Group Ⅱ), and diamond bur surface roughening(Group Ⅲ). The HF etching group showed the most irregular and retentive surface pattern, and micro-holes and micro-channels. The diamond bur surface roughening group showed a similar surface pattern to the sandblasted group, but it had relatively macroscopic irregularities. The HF etching group showed the highest shear bond strength, followed by the diamond bur surface roughening group and the 50㎛ Al₂O₃sandblasting group. The majority of the specimens showed cohesive porcelain fracture regardless of their shear bond strength. The relationships among the surface pretreatment methods. the fractured surface finding, and shear bond strength were examined. It were revealed that the residual stress which was porcelain cohesive fracture. As a result, we understand that the residual stress which was generated by surface pretreatment procedure easily created micro-cracks under the lower external force, so the porcelain layer fracture cohesively under lower external stress.

치과영역에서 분리된 Staphylococcus aureus와 Staphylococcus lugdunensis의 Dot Blot에 의한 δ-Like hemolysin 유전자 추적

한승희,황태석 원광대학교치과대학학생회 1995 원광대학교치과대학학생학술지 Vol.2 No.1

유전알고리즘을 이용한 철근콘크리트 보의 최적설계

한상훈,조홍동,박중열,황선일 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2002 建設技術論文集 Vol.21 No.2

This paper describes the application of genetic algorithm for the optimum design of reinforced concrete beam. The cost of reinforced concrete beam as an objective function which includes the costs of concrete, formwork, tensile steel reinforcement and shear reinforcement is minimized. The flexural and shear strength, deflection, upper-lower bounds on steel reinforcement and beam width-depth ratio are considered as the constraints. For the check of the serviceability, deflection is calculated under the service loading by the effective moment of inertia instead of the gross moment of inertia. Optimum results obtained from GA are compared to verify the validity of GA with other literature. Then, GA is applied to 3 span RC beam based on standard specifications.