암 환자의 우울과 통증 : 일 예비적 연구

양문정,전양환,한상익,한치화,엄현석 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6

연구목적 : 암 환자에서 우울과 통증의 정도, 우울과 통증에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인들을 조사하고, 우울과 통증사이에 어떤 연관이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 종양내과에 입원한 암 환자 25명(남자 : 10명, 여자 :15명)을 대상으로 하여 내과 병록지 거모, 환자 및 가족과의 면담을 시행하였다. 정신과적 진단은 DSM-IV진단 기준에 의하였으며, 우울의 정도는 Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRSD)로 평가하였고 통증의 유무를 평가한 뒤, 통증이 있는 경우 Brief Pain Inventory(BPI)를 시행하여 통증의 강도(최대, 최소,평균,현재), 통증에 의한 기능 방해 정도, 진통제에 의한 호전정도를 점수로 평가하였다. 결 과 : 전체 환자중 주요 우울증이 32%(8명), 경도 우울증이 16%(4명), 적응장애가 16%(4명)이었다. HRSD점수는 통증의 최대강도, 평균강도, 현재강도, 통증에 의한 기능방해정도와 유의한 상관관계가 있었으나, 통증의 최소강도, 진통제에 의한 호전 정도와는 유의한 상관관계가 없었으며, 이환 기간과 HRSD점수 및 통증 점수 사이에도 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 성별, 종교, 암의전이여부,병황의 인식 여부에 따라 HRSD점수와 통증 점수에 차이가 없었으나, 현재 미혼 또는 사별 상태에 있는 환자들에서 결혼하여 배우자가 있는 환자들보다 HRSD점수와 통증의 최소강도, 평균강도가 유의하게 높았다. 결 론 : 암환자에게서는 우울증과 통증이 있는 경우가 많았다. 우울증과 통증간에 밀접한 상관관계가 있음을 알수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 암 환자에서 우울증과 통증에 대한 보다 적극적인 평가와 개입이 이루어져야 함을 시사하는 것이다. Objective : This study was designed to evaluate how much depression and pain symptoms could be shown, what kink of factors affect them, and whether the correlation between them could be or not in patients with cancer. Methods : The subjects were composed of 25 patients with cancer who admitted a the department of oncology(male:10, female :15). We reviewed the medical record and interviewed patients and their family. A psychiatric diagnosis was made according to the criteria of the DSM-IV, and depressive symptoms were evaluated by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRSD). The intensity of pain(maximal, minimal, mean, present), disability due to pain, te effects of analgesics were measured by Brief Pain Inventory(BPI). Results : 32% of patients had major depressive disorders, 16% of patients had depressive disorders, NOS and 16% of the patients had adjustment disorders. The score of HRSD was significantly correlated wit the maximal intensity, mean intensity and present intensity of pain and disability due to pain, but not with minimal intensity and the effects of analgesics. Depression and pain were not correlated with duration of illness. Scores of depression and pain did not differ in sex, religion, metastasis, and the knowledge of illness. The widowed or unmarried patients showed significantly higher scores than patients living with the spouse in HRSD, minimal intensity and mean intensity of pain. Conclusion : In patients with cancer, depression and pain were highly prevalant. The relationship between depression and pain was shown in patients with cancer. These results suggest that more active evaluation and intervention of depression and pain should be carried out in patients with cancer.

프로스타글란딘 E₁에칠에스테르의 외용 리오겔 제제 설계

양성운,이진교,이지은,김희규,박혜숙,김종석,최한곤,용철순,최영욱 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.2

External lyogels containing prostaglandin E₁ethyl ester(PGE₁-EE), a produrg of prostaglandin E₁(PGE₁) as a therapeutic agent for erectile dysfunction, were formulated to overcome the aqueous instability and enhance the percutaneous absorption. Lyogels of PGE₁-EE were prepared with ethanol (EtOH)/proplyene glycol (PG) cosolvent system as a vehicle, cineol as an enhancer, and hydroxypropylcellusose as a gelling agent. In vitro percutaneous absorption studies were performed to determine the rate of PGE₁ absorption through rat or hairless mouse skin. The permeability of PGE₁-EE lyogel with enhancer was 16-fold greater than that of lyogel without enhancer. Cosolvent produced 9-fold increase in percutaneous absorption. Pharmacodynamic effects of lyogels were evaluated in mature male cats in terms of intracavernosal pressure (ICP). Lyogles containing 0.01% of PGE₁-EE showed higher ICP compared to intraurethral preparation of PGE₁(1%) and enhancer-free control lyogel. The shelf-life (t_(10%) of lyogel at refrigerated condition (4℃) was calculated as 928 days, which is 4.2 times longer than that of control hydrogel. As a result, PGE₁-EE was formulated successfully to a lyogel system with a selective enhancer and cosolvent system for the topical delivery of PGE₁.

데이타베이스 시스템을 이용한 웹 자원 관리 엔진의 설계 및 구현

이명석,김진호,김상욱,유한양 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 1999 정보통신논문지 Vol.3 No.-

In this paper, we propose a web resource management engine based on general DBMSs. The web resources management engine manages the meta information describing the characteristics of resourves in a target web site. The engine extracts the meta information from HTML documents in the site and stores it into a predefined database called virtual schema. We use a general-purpose DBMS for maintaining the virtual schema. For design of the virtual schema, we model each element of HTML documents as a DBMS relation, and each attribute of an element as an attribute of its corresponding DBMS relation. We also model the link information among HTML documents as another relation. In order to merge the web and database having the virtual schema, we employ some additional tags in HTML documents, which were originally proposed in the INFORMIX WebDataBlade. Our web resource management engine has the following good features: (1) it supports dynamic changes of the web resources in a site by issuing update queries on the virtual schema, (2) it provides such searches that are based on structural characteristics of HTML documents since the virtual schema keeps the necessary information, (3) it provides the standard SQL interface for users to simply search and update the web resources, and finally, (4) it is portable to any DBMSs by just extending the gateway between the web and database since it only uses the common facilities supported by general-purpose DBMSs.

QUAL2E 모형을 이용한 하천 수질예측

조정석,한양수 大邱大學校 科學技術硏究所 1996 科學技術硏究 Vol.3 No.2

The purpose of this study predict to the water quality of Sum-Jin river watershed using QUAL2E model. In order to predict water puality, the upstream of Sum-Jin estimated flow and variation of water quality by main stream. The model is applicable to dendritic streams those are well mixed. It assumes that the major trasport mechanisms, advection and disperssion, are significant only along the main direction of flow. By operating the model dynamically, there can study the effects of diurnal variations in meteorological data on water quality and also can study diurnal dissolved oxygen variations due to algal growth and respiration. The result of the QUAL2E model simulation in Seom-Jin river basin have shown that. First, BOD concentration before confluent Hang-Jong stream was 1∼1.5ppm as a second class water quality. Second, the water quality simulation rusults using QUALM model, BOD intake southseas was 1.4ppm and the prediction of BOD in 2002 and 2012 turn out 1.8ppm and 2.6ppm. There was high increased concentration for BOD variation by purposed year(2002, 2012)

Box-Jenkins法을 利用한 河川水質의 時系列 豫測

趙廷錫,韓陽洙,金喜洛 大邱大學校 科學技術硏究所 1997 科學技術硏究 Vol.4 No.2

This study was carried out to develop the stochastic stream water quality model for the intaking station of Taejoun City waterworks in the Keum River system. The monthly water dissolved oxygen with periodicity and trend were forcasted by multiplicative ARIMA models and then the applicability of the models was tested based on 13years of the historical monthly water quality data at Taejoun City intaking site. The parameter estimation was made with the monthly observed data. The last one year data was used to compare the forcasted water quality by ARIMA model with the observed. The models are ARIMA(2.0.2)x(2.1.1)_(12) for dissolved oxygen. The forecasting results showed a good agreement with the observed. It is implying the applicability of multiplicative ARIMA model for forecasting monthly water quality at the Taechoung site.

下水 處理場의 最適處理工程에 關한 實驗的 硏究

조정석,한양수 대구대학교 과학기술연구소 1995 科學技術硏究 Vol.2 No.1

The growth of population and industrialzation has been increasing the discharge of wastewater and requiring more intensive eater treatment processes. This study was carried out to determine the optimal design conditions of a sewage treatmentplant in the small city of An-jung. Also, we set out to find the operation guide data pertaining to the activated sludge process required by a city of this size. The biological reactors were operated with hydraulic retention time of 4hrs, 6hrs, 8hrs, 10hrs, and 12hrs respectively, using a mixture of raw wastewater. From the results of the experiments, we found that the removal efficiency increased as the F/M ratio decreased. From this conclusion we found that we could get the BOD removal eficiency above 90% if the F/M ratio was 0.13 to 0.27 KgBOD/Kg MLSSday.

轉移函數 雜音模型을 利用한 月流出量 豫測

趙廷錫,韓良洙,金喜洛 대구대학교 과학기술연구소 1999 科學技術硏究 Vol.5 No.5

This model was based on the theory of Box-Jenkins multiplicative ARIMA (SARIMA) and the Transfer function to simulate changes of monthly runoff. The forecasting of Runoff from the pair of observed value of effective rainfall and runoff (X_(t), Y_(t)) in the uniform interval will gives less standard error then the analysis only by Y_(t), so the object of this study is more rational forecasting by the use of (X_(t) , Y_(t)). I analyzed the records of monthly runoff and effective rainfall, and applied the multiplicative ARIMA model and Transfer function-noise model. so I made it possible to do the long-term forecasting and got following results.

초음파 유도하 맘모톰 생검을 이용한 병변의 완전제거 : 6개월 추적 초음파 검사를 통해 알아본 유용성

김혜성,한부경,최연현,김지영,고영혜,양정현,남석진,김정한 대한초음파의학회 2004 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.23 No.1

수면관련 호흡장애 환자의 MMPI 및 SCL-90-R 반응 특성

김경우,윤석준,양창국,한홍무 한국정신신체의학회 2002 정신신체의학 Vol.10 No.1

아조벤젠 분자(Disperse Red 1)를 포함한 측쇄형 고분자에서 광유도 복굴절의 실시간적 조사

신희득,주원제,오차환,송석호,김필수,한양규 한양대학교 자연과학연구소 2001 自然科學論文集 Vol.20 No.-

아조벤젠 그룹을 포함한 측쇄형 고분자 필름(PDR1)에서 광 유도된 이방성을 실시간적으로 조사하였다. 수평, 수직한 흡수율의 변화를 광 유도된 복굴절의 기록, 감쇠, 소거, 완화 과정에 따라 측정하여, 매질 내의 아조벤젠 분자의 정렬상태와 복굴절과의 관계를 광 이성화과정으로 설명하였다. 또한 기록빔의 세기를 따른 수직, 수평한 흡수율의 변화와 유도된 복굴절의 관계를 조사하였다. The photo-induced anisotropy for a polymeric film(PDR1) containing azobenzene group as side-chain was investigated dynamically. The change of absrobances with parallel and perpendicular components was measured in recording, decaying, erasing and relaxation processes of photo-induced birefringence, so the relation between the alignment of azobenzene groups and the birefringence was well explained according to the photo-isomerization. Also, the dependence of the photo-induced birefringence on intensity of recording beam was investigated with changes of both absorbance and birefringence.