Intramolecular energy flow and bond dissociation in iodoacetylene and iododiacetylene

Ree,J.,Shin,H. K,Lee,C. S.,Kim,Y.H. 國立昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.-

Intermolecular and intramolecular energy flow and subsequent bond dissociation in collinear collisions Ⅰ-C≡C-H+Ar and Ⅰ-C≡C-C≡C-H+Ar have been studied by classical trajectory techniques over the collision energy range of 0 to 10 eV. When the molecule is initially in the ground state, the overall energy transfer in Ⅰ-C≡C-H+Ar is very small, but in Ⅰ-C≡C-C≡C-H+Ar it is large. The collisionally perturbed C-H bond stores a large amount of energy from translation for a brief period during the early stage of collision and transfers most of it to the inner region of the molecule, specifically to the low frequency C-I vibration. Thus the high-frequency vibration of the perturbed C-H bond during the collision plays a crucial role in determining the extent of intramolecular energy transfer and, in turn, C-I dissociation. But in nondissociative collisions, there is another series of the C-H vibration at the latter stage of collision. transferring energy back to translation. This study also considers collision-induced intramolecular energy flow in the molecule with an initially excited C-H bond. The relaxation of the low-lying C-H excitation is significantly weakened, thus becoming comparable to that of the triple bond, in which case the isolating effect of the adjacent C≡C bond is no longer important and intramolecular energy flow becomes efficient.

Cross-protective efficacies of highly-pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 vaccines against a recent H5N8 virus

Park, S.J.,Si, Y.J.,Kim, J.,Song, M.S.,Kim, S.m.,Kim, E.H.,Kwon, H.i.,Kim, Y.I.,Lee, O.J.,Shin, O.S.,Kim, C.J.,Shin, E.C.,Choi, Y.K. Academic Press 2016 Virology Vol.498 No.-

<P>To investigate cross-protective vaccine efficacy of highly-pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses against a recent HPAI H5N8 virus, we immunized C57BL/6 mice and ferrets with three alum-adjuvanted inactivated whole H5N1 vaccines developed through reverse-genetics (Rg): [Vietnam/1194/04xPR8 (clade 1), Korea/W149/06xPR8 (clade 2.2), and Korea/ES223N/03xPR8 (clade 2.5)]. Although relatively low cross-reactivities (10-40 HI titer) were observed against heterologous H5N8 virus, immunized animals were 100% protected from challenge with the 20 mLD(50) of H5N8 virus, with the exception of mice vaccinated with 3.5 mu g of Rg Vietnam/1194/04xPR8. Of note, the Rg Korea/ES223N/03xPR8 vaccine provided not only effective protection, but also markedly inhibited viral replication in the lungs and nasal swabs of vaccine recipients within five days of HPAI H5N8 virus challenge. Further, we demonstrated that antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of an antibody-coated target cell by cytotoxic effector cells also plays a role in the heterologous protection of H5N1 vaccines against H5N8 challenge. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

주성분 분석을 이용한 거세한우의 체형분류에 관한 연구

하동우,김현철,김병우,이문연,이종헌,신철교,도창희,이정규 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.6

1997년부터 2001년까지 (사)한국종축개량협회의 전국한우능력평가대회에 출품된 642두의 거세한우의 도축 전까지 4회에 걸쳐 주요 10개 부위의 체형 측정치를 조사하여 주성분 분석을 이용하여 체형을 분류하였으며, 각 체형 측정치의 주성분 지수와 도체 형질과의 상관관계를 분석하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 1차, 2차, 3차 및 4차 체형 측정치의 principal component(이하 P.C) 1의 분산은 각각 7.610, 8.297, 7.269 및 5.736로서 전체분산 중 76.0%, 83.0%, 72.7% 및 57.4%를 나타낼 수 있었고, P.C 1, P.C 2, P.C 3의 합은 전체분산 중 각각 86.69%, 90.49%, 84.62% 및 77.26%를 나타났다. 2. 각 차수별 체형 측정치의 P.C 1의 모든 계수가 양(+)이어서 일반적으로 좋은 체구의 크기를 나타내었으며, 체구의 크기에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 형질은 흉심(0.328∼0.339)과 요각폭(0.325∼0.341)이였다. 또한 P.C 2, P.C 3 및 P.C 4는 각 차수별로 다양하게 나타났다. 3. 1차, 2차, 3차 및 4차 체형 측정치의 주성분 지수들과 도체형질간의 상관계수 추정에서 대부분의 분산을 차지하는 P.C 1은 도체중(0.539∼0.755), 일당증체량(0.256∼0.564), 등지방두께(0.227∼0.280) 및 배최장근단면적(0.187∼0.344)간에 정(+)의 상관을 보였으며, 육량지수(-0.246∼-0.110)와는 부(-)의 상관을 보였고, 근내지방도(0.066∼0.099)와는 대부분 유의적인 상관을 보이지 않거나 낮은 상관을 보였고, P.C 2, P.C 3 및 P.C 4는 주성분 지수들의 값에 따라 도체형질과 다양한 상관관계를 보였다. 단일 체형형질과 도체형질간의 상관 그리고 P.C 1의 주성분 지수와 도체형질과의 상관간에는 큰 차이가 없었다. Data were consisted of the ten body measurements (withers height, rump height, body length, chest depth, chest width, rump width, rump length, thurls width, hipbone width and chest girth) of 642 steers (Korean cattle), which was entered in the National Beef Quality Contest hosted by the Korea Animal Improvement Association from 1997 to 2001. A principal components analysis was used to classify the body types of the steers, and estimate the correlations between carcass traits and principal components for the body measurements of the first, second, third and fourth period, respectively. The first principal component of body measurements at the first, second, third and fourth period accounted for 76.0%, 83.0%, 72.7% and 57.4% of the total variance, respectively. The sum of first, second and third principal component at each period accounted for 86.69%, 90.49%, 84.62% and 77.26% of the total variance, respectively. At each period, all the first principal component of the body measurements were positive and it generally showed large framed body shape. The size of body was influenced mostly by chest depth(0.328∼0.339) and rump length(0.325∼0.341). The second, third and fourth principal component at the each period were various. There were positive correlations between principal components index of each period and carcass traits such as carcass weight(0.539∼0.755), average daily gain(0.256∼0.564), backfat thickness(0.227∼0.280), and eye muscle area(0.187∼0.344). The correlation with yield grade index(-0.246∼-0.110), however, was negative. The correlation with marbling score(0.066∼0.099) was low or statistically insignificant. According to principal component indexes of the second, third, and fourth components, the correlations with the carcass traits were various. There were no large differences between the correlations of the single body measurement trait with the carcass traits and the correlations of the first principal component indexes with the carcass traits.

Urinary concentration of transforming growth factor-&bgr;-inducible gene-h3(&bgr;ig-h3) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cha, D. R.,Kim, I. S.,Kang, Y. S.,Han, S. Y.,Han, K. H.,Shin, C.,Ji, Y. H.,Kim, N. H. Blackwell Science Ltd 2005 Diabetic medicine Vol.22 No.1

<P>Abstract</P><P>Aims </P><P>The expression of TGF&bgr;-inducible gene h3(&bgr;ig-h3) has been used to assess the biological activity of TGF&bgr; in the kidney. In this study, we investigated whether the urinary concentration of &bgr;ig-h3 is associated with diabetic nephropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. We also evaluated the relationship between the urinary concentration of &bgr;ig-3 and proteinuria and microalbuminuria (AER) in a normal healthy population and in Type 2 diabetes patients.</P><P>Methods </P><P>Four hundred and seventy-nine Type 2 diabetic patients without non-diabetic kidney diseases and 528 healthy control subjects were enrolled. The study subjects were divided into five groups: a non-diabetic healthy control group with normal ACR (<I>n</I> = 443), a non-diabetic healthy control group with microalbuminuria (<I>n</I> = 85), a normoalbuminuric diabetic group (<I>n</I> = 198), a microalbuminuric diabetic group (<I>n</I> = 155) and an overt proteinuria group (<I>n</I> = 126). Urinary levels of &bgr;ig-h3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</P><P>Results </P><P>(i) Urinary excretion of &bgr;ig-h3 was significantly higher in the diabetic groups than in the controls, even in the normoalbuminuric stage (25.02 ± 8.84 vs. 18.67 ± 6.56, <I>P</I> = 0.03). In diabetic patients, urinary &bgr;ig-h3 levels increased significantly as diabetic nephropathy advanced (25.02 ± 8.84 vs. 34.06 ± 24.55 vs. 169.63 ± 57.33, <I>P</I> < 0.001). (ii) Proteinuria was found to be significantly correlated with urinary &bgr;ig-h3 (healthy control; <I>r</I> = 0.137, <I>P</I> = 0.019, diabetic patients; <I>r</I> = 0.604, <I>P</I> < 0.001). ACR was also found to be significantly related with urinary &bgr;ig-h3 in diabetic patients (<I>r =</I> 0.383, <I>P</I> = 0.006). (iii) In diabetic patients, urinary &bgr;ig-h3 was significantly related with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: <I>r</I> = 0.436, <I>P</I> = 0.024; diastolic blood pressure, <I>r</I> = 0.365, <I>P</I> = 0.042), total cholesterol and HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> (cholesterol: <I>r</I> = 0.169, <I>P</I> = 0.03, HbA<SUB>1c</SUB>; <I>r</I> = 0.387, <I>P</I> = 0.044). Logistic regression analyses showed that urinary &bgr;ig-h3 was associated with a significant increase in the risk of microalbuminuria and proteinuria in diabetic patients.</P><P>Conclusions </P><P>Longitudinal monitoring of urinary &bgr;ig-h3 may improve the likelihood of detecting diabetic nephropathy at an earlier stage and &bgr;ig-h3 could be a sensitive marker of diabetic kidney disease progression.</P>

Pharmacokinetics and Mammary Residual Depletion of Erythromycin in Healthy Lactating Ewes

Goudah, A.,Sher Shah, S.,Shin, H.C.,Shim, J.H.,Abd El-Aty, A. M. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007 Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pat Vol.54 No.10

<P>Summary</P><P>The aim of this investigation was to examine the pharmacokinetics and mammary excretion of erythromycin administered to lactating ewes (<I>n</I> = 6) by the intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes at a dosage of 10 mg/kg. Blood and milk samples were collected at pre-determined times, and a microbiological assay method was used to measure erythromycin concentrations in serum and milk. The concentration–time data were analysed by compartmental and non-compartmental kinetic methods. The serum concentration–time data of erythromycin were fit to a two-compartment model after i.v. administration and a one-compartment model with first-order absorption after i.m. and s.c. administration. The elimination half-life (<I>t</I><SUB>1/2&bgr;</SUB>) was 4.502 ± 1.487 h after i.v. administration, 4.874 ± 0.296 h after i.m. administration and 6.536 ± 0.151 h after s.c. administration. The clearance value (Cl<SUB>tot</SUB>) after i.v. dosing was 1.292 ± 0.121 l/h/kg. After i.m. and s.c. administration, observed peak erthyromycin concentrations (<I>C</I><SUB>max</SUB>) of 0.918 ± 0.092 <I>&mgr;</I>g/ml and 0.787 ± 0.010 <I>&mgr;</I>g/ml were achieved at 0.75 and 1.0 h (<I>T</I><SUB>max</SUB>) respectively. The bioavailability obtained after i.m. and s.c. administration was 91.178 ± 10.232% and 104.573 ± 9.028% respectively. Erythromycin penetration from blood to milk was quick for all the routes of administration, and the high AUC<SUB>milk</SUB>/AUC<SUB>serum</SUB> (1.186, 1.057 and 1.108) and C<SUB>max‐milk</SUB>/C<SUB>max‐serum</SUB> ratios reached following i.v., i.m. and s.c. administration, respectively, indicated an extensive penetration of erythromycin into the milk.</P>

H. pylori 제균 실패율과 clarithromycin 내성률의 일치성

허재형 ( J. H. Heo ),남승우 ( S. W. Nam ),노임환 ( I. H. Roe ),양미라 ( M. R. Yang ),김정택 ( J. T. Kim ),송일환 ( I. H. Song ),임창영 ( C. Y. Lim ),김정원 ( J. W. Kim ),신지현 ( J. H. Shin ) 대한소화기학회 2002 대한소화기학회 춘계학술대회 Vol.2002 No.-

<목적> H. pylori 제균 치료성적을 좌우하는 요소에는 약제와 대상 환자군의 선정, 균검사방법의 차이, 항생제 저항성 등이 중요시되고 있다. 이 중에서도 항생제 저항성은 나라간의 H. pylori 제균 성적을 다르게 하는 대표적인 원인이다. 우리나라는 제균률이 외국보다 저조하여 85%내외로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 H. pylori 제균 실패율과 clarithromycin 내성률을 조사하여 제균 실패 원인으로서의 clarithromycin

The 24-Month Prognosis of Patients With Positive or Intermediate Results in the Intracoronary Ergonovine Provocation Test

Shin, D.I.,Baek, S.H.,Her, S.H.,Han, S.H.,Ahn, Y.,Park, K.H.,Kim, D.S.,Yang, T.H.,Choi, D.J.,Suh, J.W.,Kwon, H.M.,Lee, B.K.,Gwon, H.C.,Rha, S.W.,Jo, S.H. Elsevier 2015 JACC. Cardiovascular interventions Vol.8 No.7

Objectives: This study was an observational, multicenter registry to determine clinical characteristics and 24-month prognosis of patients who underwent intracoronary ergonovine provocation tests. Background: The clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients who underwent the ergonovine provocation for vasospastic angina were not fully elucidated. Methods: A total of 2,129 patients in the VA-KOREA (Vasospastic Angina in Korea) registry were classified into positive (n = 454), intermediate (n = 982), and negative (n = 693) groups by intracoronary ergonovine provocation tests. The 24-month incidences of cardiac death, new-onset arrhythmia, and acute coronary syndrome were determined (mean 26.7 +/- 8.8 months). Results: The number of smokers, frequency of angina before angiography, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and triglyceride were higher in the positive group than in other groups. The clinical characteristics of the intermediate and the negative groups were very similar. In the positive group, the incidences of diffuse, focal, and mixed spasm were 65.9%, 23.6%, and 10.6%. Coronary spasm was more frequently provoked on atherosclerotic segments. The 24-month incidences of cardiac death, arrhythmia, and acute coronary syndrome were low (0.9%, 1.6%, and 1.9%, respectively) in the positive group, and there was no cardiac death in the intermediate group (p = 0.02). In the positive group, frequent angina, current smoking, and multivessel spasm were independent predictors for adverse events. Conclusions: The 24-month prognosis of the positive group in the intracoronary ergonovine provocation test was relatively worse than that of the intermediate group. More intensive clinical attention should be paid to vasospastic angina patients with high-risk factors including frequent angina before angiography, current smoking, and multivessel spasm.

C?H bond arylation of anilides inside copper-exchanged zeolites

Mathew, B.P.,Yang, H.J.,Jeon, H.,Lee, J.H.,Kim, J.C.,Shin, T.J.,Myung, K.,Kwak, S.K.,Kwak, J.H.,Hong, S.Y. Elsevier 2016 Journal of molecular catalysis Chemical Vol.417 No.-

<P>Syntheses of fine-chemicals using heterogeneous catalysts have tremendous industrial potentials, yet C-H functionalization studies have been largely focused on homogeneous catalysis. We report here the first meta-selective C-H bond arylation of anilides inside copper-exchanged zeolites. Mid- or large-pore zeolite frameworks are selected as supports to access large organic molecules, and atomically distributed copper catalysts exhibit high activities (84-90% conversions) toward direct arylation of anilides with diphenyliodonium salt on 0.5 mol% copper concentration. Computational studies indicate the well fitted copper-aryl complexes inside zeolite frameworks. Electron micrographs, elemental analyses, and reusability study show no observable leaching of catalytically active copper species during the reactions tested. These results demonstrate the practical synthetic potential of copper-exchanged zeolites as promising supported molecular catalysts to afford biaryl motifs-containing compounds with high catalytic activity, chemical stability, and recyclability. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Suppression of c-Myc induces apoptosis via an AMPK/mTOR-dependent pathway by 4-O-methyl-ascochlorin in leukemia cells

Shin, J. M.,Jeong, Y. J.,Cho, H. J.,Magae, J.,Bae, Y. S.,Chang, Y. C. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Apoptosis Vol.21 No.5

<P>4-O-Methyl-ascochlorin (MAC) is a methylated derivative of the prenyl-phenol antibiotic ascochlorin, which was isolated from an incomplete fungus, Ascochyta viciae. Although the effects of MAC on apoptosis have been reported, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that MAC promoted apoptotic cell death and downregulated c-Myc expression in K562 human leukemia cells. The effect of MAC on apoptosis was similar to that of 10058-F4 (a c-Myc inhibitor) or c-Myc siRNA, suggesting that the downregulation of c-Myc expression plays a role in the apoptotic effect of MAC. Further investigation showed that MAC downregulated c-Myc by inhibiting protein synthesis. MAC promoted the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibited the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its target proteins, including p70S6 K and 4E-BP-1. Treatment of cells with AICAR (an AMPK activator), rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor), or mTOR siRNA downregulated c-Myc expression and induced apoptosis to a similar extent to that of MAC. These results suggest that the effect of MAC on apoptosis induction in human leukemia cells is mediated by the suppression of c-Myc protein synthesis via an AMPK/mTOR-dependent mechanism.</P>

Substrate specificity of β-glucosidase from Gordonia terrae for ginsenosides and its application in the production of ginsenosides Rg₃, Rg₂, and Rh₁ from ginseng root extract

Shin, K.C.,Lee, H.J.,Oh, D.K. Society for Bioscience and Bioengineering, Japan ; 2015 Journal of bioscience and bioengineering Vol.119 No.5

A β-glucosidase from Gordonia terrae was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme with a specific activity of 16.4 U/mg for ginsenoside Rb<SUB>1</SUB> was purified using His-trap chromatography. The purified enzyme specifically hydrolyzed the glucopyranosides at the C-20 position in protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides and hydrolyzed the glucopyranoside at the C-6 or C-20 position in protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type ginsenosides. The reaction conditions for the high-level production of Rg<SUB>3</SUB> from Rb<SUB>1</SUB> by the enzyme were pH 6.5, 30<SUP>o</SUP>C, 20 mg/ml enzyme, and 4 mg/ml Rb<SUB>1</SUB>. Under these conditions, G. terrae β-glucosidase completely converted Rb<SUB>1</SUB> and Re to Rg<SUB>3</SUB> and Rg<SUB>2</SUB>, respectively, after 2.5 and 8 h, respectively. Moreover, the enzyme converted Rg<SUB>1</SUB> to Rh<SUB>1</SUB> at 1 h with a molar conversion yield of 82%. The enzyme at 10 mg/ml produced 1.16 mg/ml Rg<SUB>3</SUB>, 1.47 mg/ml Rg<SUB>2</SUB>, and 1.17 mg/ml Rh<SUB>1</SUB> from Rb<SUB>1</SUB>, Re, and Rg<SUB>1</SUB>, respectively, in 10% (w/v) ginseng root extract at pH 6.5 and 30<SUP>o</SUP>C after 33 h with molar conversion yields of 100%, 100%, and 77%, respectively. The combined molar conversion yield of Rg<SUB>2</SUB>, Rg<SUB>3</SUB>, and Rh<SUB>1</SUB> from total ginsenosides in 10% (w/v) ginseng root extract was 68%. These above results suggest that this enzyme is useful for the production of ginsenosides Rg<SUB>3</SUB>, Rg<SUB>2</SUB>, and Rh<SUB>1.</SUB>