http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
박건주,하정상,이준,도현철,박승권,서상덕,기병수,김진국 영남대학교 의과대학 1996 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.13 No.1
1985년 8월부터 1996년 1월까지 중증근무력증으로 진단받은 환자 52례에 대한 임상적 고찰을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전체 환자 중 남자가 19례(35.8%), 여자가 33례(64.2%)이넜고 11세에서 20세 사이가 12례(23%)로 가장 높은 빈도를 보였다. 2. 환자의 초기증상으로는 안검하수, 복시 등의 안구증상이 37례(71.2%)로 가장 많았고 modified Osserman의 분류에 따라서도 가장 증상이 가볍고 약물치료에 잘 반응하는 1군이 36례(69.3%)로 가장 많았다. 3. 환자가 호소하는 증상의 비특이성과 회복과 재발을 거듭하는 질병의 특성으로 인해 발병이후 진단될 때까지의 시간은 비교적 오래 걸렸고 1년이상 경과하며 진단된 경우도 16례(30.8%)나 되었다. 4. 자가면역질환이 7.6%에서 동반되었는데 갑상선기능 항진증이 2례(3.8), 인슐린의존형 당뇨 2례(3.8%)였고 종격동 전산화 단층촬영소견에서 흉선의 비대가 의심되었던 환자는 6례(11.5%), 흉선종이 발견 되었던 경우는 3례였다. 5. 환자의 치료는 대부분 항콜린에스테라제나 부신피질호르몬을 병용하는 내과적 치료를 하였으며 약물의 치료에 반응이 미비하거나 악화되는 경우 혹은 종격동 전산화 단층촬영상에서 흉선의 이상 소견이 보인 경우에 2례(3.9%)에서는 흉선절제술이, 1례(1.9%)에서는 혈장여과요법이 추가 되었고 흉선절제술과 혈장여과요법이 같이 병합 치료된 경우도 3례(5.9%)있었다. 6. 전체 환자중 2명에서 자연치유의 경과를 보였으며 이들은 모두 1군이였다. 그리고 흉선절제술과 부신피질 호르몬 투여로 완치된 예가 1례있었다. The authors experienced 52 patients with myasthenia gravis who were diagnosed at the Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital from August 1985 to January 1996. The following results were obtained through diagnostic evaluation and treatment. 1. The ratio of male to female was 1:1.7 and the most prevalent age group was second decade. 2. The most common initial presentation symptom was ocular(71.2%) and the peak incidence group was stage I(69.3%) according to the modified Osserman's classification. 3. In 16 patients(30.8%), it took more than a year to diagnose due to symptoms which were relapsed and remitting. 4. Of 52 patients, 2 cases were associated with thyroid disease(3.8%) and 2 with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(3.8%). 5. All of those who received anticholinesterase and corticosteroid therapy were improved with the exception of 5 cases which were improved after thymectomy and/or plasmapheresis. 6. Spontaneous remission was occured in 2 cases(3.8%) of ocular myasthenia gravis. And 1 case of group II was cured through thymectomy and long-term corticosteroid therapy.
Min Young Kim,Kyung Suk Song,Gun Ho Park,Hyun Woo Kim,Jin Hong Park,Jun Sung Kim,Hwa Jin,Kook Jong Eu,Hyun Sun Cho,Gami Kang,Chanhee Chae,Yoon Shin Kim,Young Chul Kim,Hae Yeong Kim,George Beck,Nancy C 한국독성학회 2004 Toxicological Research Vol.20 No.1
Changes in cell cycle control in the lungs and liver of the B6C3F1 mice (20 males per each group) exposed to ozone (0.5 ppm), 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK, 1.0 mg/kg), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP, 5,000 ppm) after 52 weeks were examined through Western, Northern blot, and immunohistochemistry based on alterations in protein expression levels of G1/S checkpoints (cyclin D1, cyclin E, and PCNA), G2/M checkpoints (cyclin B1, cyclin G, and cyclin A), negative regulators (p53, p21, GADD45, and p27), and positive regulator (mdm2). Expression levels of cyclins D1, E, G, PCNA, mutant p53, and mdm2 proteins were higher in the lungs<br/> and livers treated with combination of toxicants than in those treated with ozone only. Expression levels of the wild-type and mutant p53, p21, GADD45, p27, and mdm2 proteins and mRNAs were<br/> higher in toxicant-treated groups than those of the control. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed staining intensities of the PCNA, cyclin D1, c-myc and mdm2 protein- treated lungs and livers were stronger than those of the control group. Our results showed that combined treatment of ozone with NNK/DBP altered the cell cycle control through instability of the wild-type p53 gene. Such pivotal p53-mediated cell cycle alterations may be responsible for the toxicity observed under our experimental condition. These results may be applied to risk assessment of mixture-induced toxicity.
Effect of Sowing Time on Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Growth and Yield in Central Korea
Gun Ho Jung,Sun-Lim Kim,Mi-Jung Kim,Sung-Kook Kim,Jeong Hwa Park,Chung-Guk Kim,Sunggi Heu 한국작물학회 2015 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.18 No.4
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum MOENCH) is a traditional Korean crop that gaining global attention as a health food due to its rich nutrition. Climate change effects such as high temperature, cold weather, flooding, and drought induce plant stress, reduced production yield of upland crops. In general, buckwheat is grown during the fall season in Korea. Flooding is a severe environmental stress factor, and flooding during the early growth stage of buckwheat causes large reductions in yield. Therefore, we established optimum growth parameters to maximize buckwheat yield. The optimum temperature for harvesting of buckwheat was approximately 1,083 ~ 1,515°C. The number of growing degree days (G.D.D.) from flowering to harvest was 509 ~ 673°C. Plant hight, stem diameter, and dry matter weight were reduced as planting date was delayed (p < 0.05). We investigated buckwheat sowing time during fall, and established an optimum cropping system according to the local climate conditions in central Korea. The growth period of buckwheat cultivar ‘Yangjueol’ was approximately 56 ~ 60 days during fall, and yield was higher than that of cultivar ‘Daesan’. The results indicated that buckwheat yield in central Korea was maximized by sowing cultivar on 25th August and cultivar ‘Daesan’ on 15th August. The yield of Yangjeol sown in spring was 119 kg 10a-1, whereas the yield of Daesan sown in summer was 158kg 10a-1. The results of this study established the effects of sowing time on growth and yield in central Korea. We propose an optimum cropping system for improving quality.
Undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma mimicking submucosal myoma: A case report
( Gun Sik Park ),( Hyun Sik Youm ),( Soo Jin Song ),( Byeung Jum Kim ),( Mi Eun Jung ),( Sang Chill Kwon ),( Sang Kook Kim ),( Yu Kyung Cho ),( Ja Sung Koo ),( Hwal Woong Kim ),( Hwa Sook Moon ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.98 No.-
Endometrial stromal tumors are the second most common uterine sarcomas. They are divided into three types; endometrial stromal nodule, endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS), and undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma (UES). UES is much less common than ESS. And it has a much more aggressive clinical course and poorer prognosis than ESS. Case: A 47-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a 4-month history of irregular vaginal bleeding. TVUS revealed a vascularized mass mimicking submucosal myoma in the uterine endometrial cavity. MRI was performed. A 5.9 × 5.1 × 4.8 cm submucosal mass filled up the endometrial cavity. Hysterocopy examination confirmed the protruding mass at the lower portion of the endometrial cavity. The frozen section of the hysteroscopy was reported as malignancy. Subsequently, the patient underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. There was no cancerous involvement in 19 dissected lymph nodes. The results of immunohistochemical stainings were positive for vimentin and CD56, a few positive for CD68, and negative for smooth muscle actin, desmin, CD10, CD34, pan-cytokeratin, HMB-45, S-100 protein, chromogranins and synaptophysin. Based on these histomorphologic findings, the diagnosis of UES was made. The patient was referred to an oncological center for chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Conclusion: It is important to establish a proper classification of endometrial stromal tumors by cytologic and immunohistochemical findings becase of different clinical course and prognosis.
고도별 Spectral 특성을 반영한 Notch 필터 기반 수직 음상 정위 기법
김종건(Jong Gun Kim),전찬준(Chan Jun Chun),김홍국(Hong Kook Kim),장세진(Sei-Jin Jang),이석필(Seok-Pil Lee) 한국HCI학회 2012 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1
본 논문에서는 스테레오 스피커 환경에서 고도에 따라 달라지는 사람의 청각인지 특성을 반영하여 설계한 notch 필터에 기반한 수직 음상 정위 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 수직 음상 정위기법은 구조적 머리전달함수를 이용하여 어깨 및 머리, 그리고 외이에서의 음원의 반사 및 회절효과를 고려하여 각 고도 별 spectral 특성을 반영하여 설계된 notch 필터를 적용한다. 또한, 스테레오 스피커 환경에서의 재생을 위해 좌, 우 채널의 상호간섭을 추가적으로 제거한다. 제안된 수직 음상 정위 기법을 적용한 후 주관적 청취평가 결과, 제안된 기법은 기존의 단일 notch 필터 기반의 수직 음상 정위 기법에 비해 평균 2.88 도의 고도 상승 효과를 보였다. In this paper, we propose a sound source elevation method based on notch filtering by taking into account auditory perception characteristics in a stereo loudspeaker listening environment. The proposed method incorporates reflection and diffraction of a sound source in the human shoulder, head and pinna by employing a structural head-related transfer function. It also integrates a notch filter designed from each elevation spectral characteristics. In addition, the crosstalk cancellation is applied for a stereo speaker play-out, It is shown from the subjective listening tests that the proposed sound source localization method can increase the perceived elevation by 2.88 degrees, compared to a sound source localization method with only one notch filter.
동축 마이크로폰 획득 기술을 활용한 5.1 채널 음원 획득 기법
김종건(Jong Gun Kim),전찬준(Chan Jun Chun),김홍국(Hong Kook Kim),정민아(Mina Jung),이연우(Yeonwoo Lee),이성로(Seong Ro Lee) 한국통신학회 2012 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.6
본 논문에서는 5.1채널 음원을 획득하기 위한 동축 마이크로폰 배치를 활용한 5.1채널 음원 획득 기법에 관해 기술한다. 살펴본다. 5.1채널 음원 획득 기법은 단일지향성 마이크로폰 2개와 쌍지향성 마이크로폰 1개 등 총 3개의 소형마이크로폰을 이용하였다. 단일지향성 마이크로폰 2개의 신호를 조합하여 쌍지향성 신호와 무지향성신호를 만들었으며 생성된 쌍지향성 신호와 기존의 쌍지향성 신호를 이용하여 임의의 각도에 신호의 지향축을 이동시켰고 여기에 생성된 무지향성 신호를 합하여 단일지향성 신호를 생성해 주었다. 이와 같은 방식으로 10도씩 360도 전 방향에 단일지향성 신호를 생성한 후, 생성된 단일지향성 신호를 재생 규격에 맞추어 5채널을 생성해주었다. 각 방향의 지향성을 높이기 위하여 10도 내외의 단일지향성 신호들을 합성해 주었다. 본 기법의 성능을 확인하기 위하여 실험을 통해 각 채널별 빔패턴을 형성하였고 그 결과 각 채널의 재생규격에 맞추어 알맞은 빔패턴이 형성되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.