석탄 가스화를 통한 전력 생산과 DME 병산 공정에 대한 기초 경제성 분석

유영돈 ( Young Don Yoo ),김수현 ( Su Hyun Kim ),조원준 ( Won Jun Cho ),모용기 ( Yong Gi Mo ),송용택 ( Tae Kyong Song ) 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.52 No.6

석탄가스화를 기반으로 한 발전(IGCC 발전) 및 화학원료 제조공정의 상업화 관건은 화석연료인 원유 또는 천연가스를 기반으로 생산되는 경우와 비교하여 경제성을 확보할 수 있는지 여부이다. 경제성 확보를 위한 가장 현실적인 방법으로는 석탄 가스화를 통해 얻어진 합성가스로부터 2개 이상의 생산물(예: 발전과 화학원료를 동시 생산)을 병산(coproduction또는 poly-generation)하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 석탄 가스화를 기반으로 하여 발전과 수송용, 발전용 및 가정용 연료로 사용이 가능한 DME(dimethyl ether)를 병산하는 공정에 대한 경제성 분석을 실시하였다. 경제성 분석을 위한 병산 공정에서는 250 MW 전력생산 연간 30만 톤의 DMZ 생산을 기준으로 하였다. 병산 공정에서 DME 판매가격이 50만원/ton인 경우, 전기 생산원가는 34.8~58.4원/kWh으로 SMP(계통한계가격) 가중평균인 150.69원/kwh(2013년 1월~12월까지의 평균값)의 33~58% 수준으로 산정되었다. 따라서, DME 판매가격이 적정하게 유지될 경우 석탄IGCC+DME 병산공정은 IGCC 단독 발전과 비교하여 경제성을 확보할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 현재 중국에서 DME판매가격이 900,000원/톤 내외이므로, 전력과 DME를 병산할 경우, IGCC 단독으로 전력을 생산할 경우와 비교하여 전력 생산 원가를 월등하게 낮출 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 이와 같이 석탄 가스화를 기반으로 한 병산 공정을 통해 전력과 DME를 병산하는 시스템에서, 시장 여건에 따라 전력과 DME 생산비율 제어가 가능하고, 석탄 가스화기 및 정제 시스템을 공통 설비로 활용함으로써, 개별적으로 생산하는 것보다 생산 원가를 낮출 수 있다는 결과를 얻었다. The key for the commercial deployment of IGCC power plants or chemical (methanol, dimethyl ether, etc.) production plants based on coal gasification is their economic advantage over plants producing electricity or chemicals from crude oil or natural gas. The better economy of coal gasification based plants can be obtained by co-production of electricity and chemicals. In this study, we carried out the economic feasibility analysis on the process of co-producing electricity and DME (dimethyl ether) using coal gasification. The plant’s capacity was 250 MW electric and DME production of 300,000 ton per year. Assuming that the sales price of DME is 500,000 won/ton, the production cost of electricity is in the range of 33~58% of 150.69 won/kwh which is the average of SMP (system marginal price) in 2013, Korea. At present, the sales price of DME in China is approximately 900,000 won/ton. Therefore, there are more potential for lowering the price of co-produced electricity when comparing that from IGCC only. Since the co-production system can not only use the coal gasifier and the gas purification process as a common facility but also can control production rates of electricity and DME depending on the market demand, the production cost of electricity and DME can be significantly reduced compared to the process of producing electricity or DME separately.

Azotobacter sp.에 의한 Butyric Acid와 Valeric Acid로부터 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)의 생산

송희주,이일석,방원기 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Butyric acid 와 valeric acid로부터 poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (P(3HB-co-3HV))를 생산하기 위하여 P(3HB-co-3HV)의 생산능력이 있는 10종의 균주를 토양으로부터 분리하였으며 분리된 균주들중에서 P(3HB-co-3HV)의 생산능력이 가장 우수한 균주 HJ-067을 선별하였고, Azotobacter sp.로 부분 동정하였다. P(3HB-co-3HV)의 생산에 있어서 butyric acid 와 valeric acid의 최적 기질 농도는 각각 3.0g/l이었다. 질소원으로는 (NH_4)_2SO_4가 가장 우수하였으며, 최적 농도는 0.75 g/l(C/N ratio=21.36)이었다. 금속이온(Zn^2+, Co^2+, Mn^2+)의 결핍은 P(3HB-co-3HV)의 생산에 영향을 미치며, 특히 Mn^2+을 첨가하지 않은 경우에 P(3HB-co-3HV)의 생산량이 증가하였다. P(3HB-co-3HV)의 생산을 위한 최적 배양 온도는 27℃였으며, 최적 초기 pH는 7.0이었다. 상기의 최적 조건하에서 36시간 배양하여 얻어진 건조균체량 및 P(3HB-co-3HV)의 생산량은 각각 3.00 g/l, 1.82 g/l이었다. 이때의 P(3HB-co-3HV) yield는 건조 균체량의 60.60%(w/w)이었으며, HV%는 15.92%(w/w)이었다. For the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (P(3HB-co-3HV)) from butyric acid and valeric acid, 10 strains of bacteria capable of producing P(3HB-co-3HV) wee isolated from soil. Among them, the strain HJ-067 showed the best ability of producing P(3HB-co-3HV), and was identified as a Azotobacter sp. For the production of P(3HB-co-3HV), the optimum concentrations of butyric acid and valeric acid were 3.0 g/l, respectively. The most effective nitrogen source was (NH_4)_2SO_4 at an optimum concentration of 0.75 g/l, which was equivalent to 21.36 in C/N ratio. Deficiency of the cationic metal ions (Zn^2+, Co^2+, Mn^2+) in the production medium had stimulating effect on P(2HB-co-3HV) accumulation, especially in the managanese deficient medium. The optimum temperature for P(3HB-co-3HV) production was 27℃ and the optimum initial pH was 7.0. Under the optimum conditions, 1.82 g/l of P(3HB-co-3HV) and 3.00 g/l of dry biomass were produced after 36 hour cultivation, and the P(3HB-co-3HV) yield and HV% were 60.60% (w/w), 15.92% (w/w), respectively.

생명윤리 입법화 과정에서의 정책네트워크 분석에 관한 연구

송미원,권기창 한국행정연구원 2003 韓國行政硏究 Vol.12 No.3

생명윤리 입법화 과정은 대규모 자본이 소요되고 고부가가치를 생산하는 미래 선도산업이라는 특성으로 인하여 그것의 연구개발을 촉구하는 입장과 오·남용으로 인한 부작용이 치명적이라는 입장이 매우 첨예하게 대립하는 특징을 갖는다. 우리나라의 경우 인간복제의 시도, 유전자변형동물 등과 같은 예측하지 못하였던 새로운 생명과학기술의 등장으로, 이에 대한 윤리적·종교적 논쟁이 시작되었고 사회적 공론화를 거쳐 합의점에 도달한 부분이 있음에도 불구하고 아직 법제화를 이루지 못하고 있다(이인영, 2002: 120). 즉, 생명윤리관련정책의 기본적인 골격은 생명공학기술의 급격한 발달과 산업화에 따라 인류복지와 건강증진이라는 순기능은 극대화하면서, 인간의 존엄성을 보장하고 인체의 안정성을 침해하지 않도록 하는 것이라고 하겠다. 본 연구에서는 정책네트워크이론을 통해서 생명입법화과정에 참여하는 정책참여자의 상호작용과 구조의 특성을 고찰하였다. 신기술의 발달과 사회윤리라는 양면적인 특성으로 인해서 정책과정에 참여하고 있는 행위자들간의 관계가 매우 첨예한 이해대립에 있다는 것을 알 수가 있었으며, 입법과정에 참여하고 있는 행위자간의 상호작용은 갈등적 성격으로 드러났고, 구조에 있어서는 분산된 형태를 띠는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the operation, performance, and development issues of the Korean executive agency system newly introduced in 2000. Data on the reported evaluations of the system of 870 bureaucrats in all the 23 Korean executive agencies are obtained using questionnaires. The results reveal that ① on the operational side of the executive agency system, the agency bureaucrats evaluate a little bit positively the personnel management, perfomlance management, and finance management, ② on the adoption of the system, they show generally low levels of satisfaction, and ③ they comparatively positively evaluate the agency chief executive's leadership and job performance capability, and the increase of the service quality after the system adoption. For the development of the system, they recognize the necessity of the expansion of the agency chief power and authority. formal institutionalization for the independency of the agency, and review of the agency selection criteria. However, they show different perceptions on the operation and performance of the agency after the system adoption according to the types of agency. This article based upon the view of policy network focuses on the analysis of the process of the legislation on bioethics and the interest of stakeholders. New technology and its socio-ethic conflict are the most important factor in the process of the legislation on bioethics. The main actors of its legislation process are biotechnology group, NGO and government. They try to play their active roles to acquire the legislation initiative. According to the analysis, policy network has many agencies(actors) in its own network and shows a prominent characteristics of issue network. Interaction of agencies reveals conflicting rather than cooperating among agencies. The structure of policy network is the decentralized one focusing their own interests. The meanings of this study are to review the appearance of new technology and its socio-ethics conflict and to inspect the possibility of theoretical application of policy network. The Korean Local Autonomy system has been rooted through the several ballots of it since 1991. Now, one of the tasks on local autonomy is concentrating the interests and endeavors to increase the self-governing capacity of local government. By accomplishing this task, Korean Local Autonomy system will be reborn as efficient and practical mechanism for providing benefits to residents. This study had a trial of presenting alternatives for development through the capacity building and strategic visions of local government by using strategic planning approach on the basis of problematic perception on the task of local autonomy. Young Weol Gun (District) was selected as a subject local government of this study, which has difficulties in resolving many problems. The five strategic issues were extracted from the result of SWOT analysis, and the strategic alternatives were established with relation to the role of constituents such as ① exercising district chief's active and creative leadership, ② performing the proactive role of local council for consolidating residents, ③increasing the initiative awareness and perception of residents on the development of local government. And the concrete goal was settled as "Consolidating Residents and Revitalizing Local Economic" in case of successful execution of strategic issues through the proactive role performance of each

분산 객체 컴퓨팅 환경에서 객체 그룹 구현에 관한 연구

김길준,이주석,송기범,김충원,이준 조선대학교 전자정보통신연구소 2002 電子情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.5 No.1

CORBA, which is a standard base of distributed object in distributed computing environment, suggests the method for clearly creating the demand for object defined on OMG and receiving it. Although CORBA appeared as the standard of distributed object and has played an important role in operating distributed object between different computer systems, distributed object computing has such fundamental problem as great demand by many clients an3 Server and the overload of network. CORBA is middle-ware technology to develop one distributed application program by connecting separately-developed distributed object in various platforms which are connected in, open communication network. With expansion of distributed application software scale and complex interface between distributed objects, this study defines object as group in the concept of aggregate in order to control efficiently and to be controlled as group by grouping multi-arranged object and suggests group object model in the side of controller for efficient control of distributed object.

Salvage living donor liver transplantation versus repeat liver resection for patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis: A propensity score-matched comparison

Gi-Won SONG,Young-In YOON 한국간담췌외과학회 2021 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.25 No.-

Surgical challenges beyond conventional hepatectomy

Gi-Won Song 한국간담췌외과학회 2013 한국간담췌외과학회 학술대회지 Vol.2013 No.4

Donor Biliary Complications in High-Volume Living-Donor Liver Transplantation Center in Korea

( Gi-won Song ),( Gil-chun Park ),( Dong-hwan Jung ),( Tae-yong Ha ),( Ki-hun Kim ),( Shin Hwang ),( Sung-gyu Lee ),( Eun-kyung Jwa ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Donor safety is the most important Living donor liver transplantation. Biliary complication is common complications in donor hepatectomy. This study intended to analyze the incidence and outcomes of donor biliary complications in a Korean high-volume LT center. Methods: Institutional LT database was searched from 2006.01.01 to 2011.05.31. Their medical records and imaging studies were reviewed. All of them did AMC technique for BD division. Results: Between 2006.01.01-2011.5.31, total 1658 donors did hepatectomy in AMC center. Among them, 1099 were male and 559 were female. Graft types were Right liver graft in 1302 (78.5%), Left liver graft in 274 (16.5%), Left lateral section graft in 72 (4.3%) and Right posterior section graft in 10 (0.6%). Mean age of total donor was 29 years and Mean steatosis of liver was 5.7%. Mean hospital days was 12days and Mean follow-up period were 17.5 month. Among 1658 donors, the biliary complications occurred in 47 donors (2.7%). Most of them were bile leak, only 2 case were bile duct stenosis. All of the biliary complication occurred in early period (< 1 month). In the biliary complication(BC) group, the 10 donors did percutaneous drainage(21.3%) and the 12 donors did ERCP(25.5%) and the only one donor was re-operated. Mean hospital days in BC group was 22 days and mean duration of treatment was 1.8 month. Hospital days in BC group was more longer than non- BC group but, there is no significant difference. Conclusions: Very low incidence of BC in donor by using AMC technique for BD division. The incidence of late BC in LD hepatectomy is neglisible.

Dual-graft Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation: An Innovative Surgical Procedure for Live Liver Donor Pool Expansion

Song, Gi-Won,Lee, Sung-Gyu,Moon, Deok-Bog,Ahn, Chul-Soo,Hwang, Shin,Kim, Ki-Hum,Ha, Tae-Yong,Jung, Dong-Hwan Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 2017 Annals of surgery Vol.266 No.1

<P>Conclusions: DG ALDLT enables us to achieve an acceptable survival outcome with 2 suboptimal grafts. However, technical complexity and longer operative time limit is its drawback.</P>

The Effects of Needle Electrode Electrical Stimulation on Cellular Necrosis Blocking the Forebrain after Induction of Ischemia

Sung Won Kim,Jung Sook Lee,Seung Gyu Park,Han Ju Kang,Yong Soo Kim,Young Dae Yoon,Hoe Song Yang,Han Gi Lee,Sang Soo Kim 국제물리치료학회 2010 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.1 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Needle Electrode Electrical Stimulation(NEES) on ischemia-induced cere˗ brovascular accidents. After obstruction and reperfusion of arteries in white mice, the amounts of necrosis and inflammation related sub˗ stances Bax, IL-6, Caspase-3, and COX-2 were measured in neurons of the fore-brain. The following results were obtained. This study used 21 male specific pathogen free(SPF) SD rats, 8 weeks of age and approximately 300g in weight. Each exposed artery was completely occluded with non-absorbent suture thread and kept in that state for 5 minutes. The sutures were then removed to allow reperfusion of blood. Test group is control group(common carotid artery occlusion models), a GI(underwent common carotid artery occlusion), and NEES(underwent NEES after artery occlusion). The GI and NEES groups were given 12, 24, or 48 hours of reperfusion before NEES. NEES device(PG6, ITO, Japan, 9V, current, 2Hz) was used to stimulate the bilateral acupoint ST36 of the SD rats for 30 minutes while they were sedated with 3% isoflurane. An immuno-his˗ tochemistry test was done on the forebrains of the GI induced rats. Both Bax and Caspase-3 immuno-reactive cells, related to apoptosis, were greater in the GI than the NEES group. Cox-2 and IL-6 immuno-reactive cells, related to inflammation, were greater in the GI and NEES groups than the control group. We can expect that applying NEES after ischemic CVA is effective for preventing brain cells from being destroyed. And we can conclude NEES should be applyed on early stage of ischemic CVA.

간세포암 환자에서의 간이식

송기원 ( Gi Won Song ),황신 ( Shin Hwang ),이승규 ( Sung Gyu Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2010 대한소화기학회지 Vol.55 No.6

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common malignancy, with a new incidence of more than 11,000 cases per year and the second most common cause of malignancy-related death in Korean males. In Korea, more than 80% of all HCCs have developed from hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhotic livers. Liver transplantation (LT) is the only treatment that offers a chance of cure for HCC and the underlying liver cirrhosis simultaneously, but the availability of liver grafts and the aggressiveness of tumor recurrence are critical limiting factors of LT for HCC patients. The serious shortage of deceased-donors on strong demand for LT leads to the development of living-donor LT (LDLT) as a practical alternative replacing deceased-donor LT. Considering that HCC recurrence is the most common cause of posttransplant patient death, recipient candidates should be prudently selected through objectively established criteria. Uniquely, some Asian major LDLT centers challenged the Milan criteria, accepting a much higher number of HCC nodules instead of tumor size expansion. The eligibility criteria of LDLT for HCC are likely to be expanded more than before, but it still requires further qualified risk-benefit analyses. The development of new effective treatment modalities for HCC recurrence will reasonably expand the selection criteria further wide without the expense of recurrence rate. This article is mainly focused on the role of LT for HCC and discussed on the validity of currently available indication criteria. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2010;55:350-360)