On the study of topological entropies

Lee, Gi-Soo 淸州大學敎 學術硏究所 2005 淸大學術論集 Vol.6 No.-

Language Socialization Practices of Seven Adolescents of Korean Heritage in the US

Lee.Gi-ven.Song Mi-jeong 한국사회언어학회 2012 사회언어학 Vol.20 No.1

Lee, Gi-venㆍSong, Mi-jeong. 2011. Language Socialization Practices of Seven Adolescents of Korean Heritage in the US. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 20(1). pp. 135-159. This study explores cultural and linguistic practices, identity negotiation, and power dynamics manifested in language socialization practices in a recreational setting of seven high school and college students of Korean heritage currently residing in the US. In conjunction with interviews, audio-tapings and observations of these students' weekly basketball games serve as the data sources. Analyses of data demonstrate that the basketball game offers a prime context for these students to speak Korean, practice Korean sociocultural values and rules, negotiate their identity, and establish their own position in the group. While they all speak English for the majority of time in their day-to-day interactions, the students mostly use Korean in the basketball setting, particularly when talking about Korea-related topics. In terms of negotiating their ethnic identity, the Korean-born students seem to negotiate their identity more strictly than the US-born students, who appear to negotiate their identity more ambiguously and flexibly. Also, the power and authority to control the interaction seems to depend upon the symbolic and material resources that the students own.

낭독 상황과 서술 방식의 연관성에 관한 시론(試論) -17세기 고전소설의 향유 과정을 중심으로-

이기대(Lee, Gi-Dae) 우리문학회 2020 우리文學硏究 Vol.0 No.68

고전소설의 향유 방식은 묵독보다는 낭독을 통한 듣기가 보편적이었다. 고전소설의 낭독과 관련해서는 전기수에 의한 낭독법이 널리 알려져 있지만, 전기수의 등장도 이전부터 있었던 낭독을 상업화한 결과이다. 고전소설의 낭독 상황은 17세기의 관련 기록에서부터 드러나며, 이러한 기록에는 작품의 창작과 향유 과정도 함께 확인할 수 있다. 그리고 당시의 작자들은 한문을 배우는 과정에서 낭독에 익숙했고, 이들의 낭독소리는 가족 모두가 듣던 소리였다. 따라서 고전소설의 낭독도 이전부터 익숙하게 낭독하던 방법들과 비교하여 뚜렷하게 변별되는 새로운 방식이었다고 하기는 어렵다. 한편 낭독의 상황은 작품의 서술을 통해서도 연관성이 드러난다. 작품에 삽입된 기존의 문학 장르나 대화적 장면 등은 독자들이 낭독 상황을 익숙하게 받아들이고 귀를 기울이게 하는데 효과적이다. 또한 기억을 환기시키거나 예언하는 방식의 서술들은 들으면서 내용을 이해하고 기억하는데 도움이 된다. 따라서 고전소설이 본격적으로 등장하던 시점에서의 낭독 상황에 대한 관심은 고전소설의 서술 방식과 이에 대한 향유 과정을 입체적으로 이해하는 단서가 된다. Listening through reading rather than silent reading is a method adopted universally to enjoy a classical novel. In this regard, the reading style of Jeon Gi-su is widely known. Though Jeon Gi-su commercialized recitation, this method of reading was already in existence. Relevant records from the 17th century reveal recitations of classical novels. Though being writers, Jo Seong-gi and others are also known as reciters. The writers in those days were accustomed to recitation. Their sound of reading was the one to which everyone listened. Accordingly, it is difficult to consider the recitation of a classical novel as a new method that is clearly distinguishable from other genres, which had been recited similarly. In addition, recitation discloses a correlation through describing a work. The existing literary genre or conversational scene, which is inserted in a work, is effective for readers when l istened to. Moreover, the descriptions in the way of evoking memory or predicting is a narrative style that is helpful for understanding and remembering contents. Hence, an attention to the reciting situation at the point of time when the classical novel had appeared in earnest provides clues so as to understand the classical novel and the recitation method of reading.

통합학급에서 주의력 결핍 및 과잉행동장애(ADHD) 특성을 지닌 유아의 친사회적 행동발달과정(2)

이기현 ( Gi-hyoun Lee ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2005 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.6 No.4

본 연구는 2003학년도에 수행된 “통합학급에서 주의력 결핍 빛 과잉행동장애(ADHD) 특성을 지닌 유아의 친 사회적 행동발달과정”(이기현, 2004)의 후속 연구로서, 일반 유치원에 통합된 ADHD 유아 1명이 2003년도에 이어 2004년도에는 어떠한 사회적 상호작용 형태가 나타나며 친 사회적 행동유형은 어떻게 변화되어 가는가에 대한 2년차 과정을 알아봄으로써 일반유치원에서 ADHD 유아의 통합가능성과 문제점을 찾고자, 일반유치원에서 ADHD 유아의 통합가능성과 문제점을 찾고자 문화기술적인 연구법으로 실시되었다. 관찰기간은 2004년3월 6일 ~ 2004년 12월 28일까지 였으며, 1회 관찰 시간은 30~40분으로 총 25회 관찰하였다. 연구결과, ADHD 유아의 사회적 상호작용 형태는 혼자놀이하기, 갑자기 다른 놀이에 끼어들거나 방해하기, 일방적인 언어 및 반향어로 의사소통하기의 3형태로 나타났다. 또한 친 사회적 행동유형의 발달과정은 흥미있는 것에 지속적인 관심단계(3월 ~ 5월), 단편적인 의사소통단계(5월 ~ 7월), 유치원 생활 적응 및 대인관계 시도단계(9월 ~ 12월)로 발전하였다. This is a serial study of ‘Development Process of Pro-Social Behavior of a Child with Characteristics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in the Integrated Kindergarten Classroom``, a paper written by Lee, Gi-Hyoun in 2004. This is an examination of how a child with ADHD in inclusive education interacted with his peers and how his pro-social behaviors changed during the second year of his participation in inclusive education. Through the examination, the study has been made in an ethnographic way to find out the possibility that children with ADHD will be included in the normal kindergarten class, and some problems that they may face. From March 6, 2004 to December 28, 2004, the child was observed 25 times, for 30 to 40 minutes each time. The observations have led to the following results. The child with ADHD showed social interactions in three patterns such as playing alone, breaking in and interrupting other children``s playing abruptly, and communicating in one-sided and echoing words. The child developed pro-social behaviors of three stages: the first step of being interested in interesting things (March to May), the second step of communicating fragmentary ideas (May to July), and the last step of adapting to the kindergarten life and trying human relationship with his peers (September to December).

1995-96년 한반도 남동부 지역의 미소지진 자료를 이용한 지각구조 모델의 비교 연구

이기화,정태웅,Lee, Gi Hwa,Jeong, Tae Ung 한국지구물리물리탐사학회 1999 지구물리 Vol.2 No.1

한국자원연구소 지진관측망의 1995-96년 미소지진 자료를 바탕으로 한반도 남동지역의 지각구조에 대하여, Lee (1979), 김상조·김소구(1983), 김성균·정부흥(1985)의 세 지각 모델 중 어느 것이 잔차의 최소자승을 만족하는지 검증하였다. 세 모델 잔차의 뚜렷한 차이가 관찰되지 않았으나, Lee 의 지각 모델이 약간 깊은 진원을 산출하는 경향이 있다. 한반도 지각의 층상구조는 아직 명백하지 않으므로 앞으로 더 많은 자연지진 자료 또는 인공지진 자료를 통해서 규명되어져야 한다. Using the microearthquake data acquired from 1995 to 1996 through the seismic network operated by the Korea Institute of Geology, Mining & Materials (KIGAM), the three P-wave velocity models proposed by Lee (1979), Kim·Kim (1983) and Kim·Jung (1985) concerning the structure of the southeastern part of the Korean peninsula were examined in terms of the least square errors of the P-wave arrival times. The three models do not differ significantly in arrival time residuals except that the Lee's model gives slightly deeper focuses than the others. The layering of the crust of the peninsula is not clear as yet and to be studied by more earthquake and explosion data in the future.

상염색체우성 다낭신의 임상경과 및 합병증

이상주,이영모,이한규,최대은,박기현,이강욱,신영태 충남대학교 의학연구소 2001 충남의대잡지 Vol.28 No.2

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD) is one of most common hereditary disorder. It is potentially fatal and the major mobilities are hypertension and renal failure. To elucidate clinical characteristics and outcomes of ADPKD, 67 ADPKD patients were analyzed retrospectively. The male to female ratio was 48 years for males and 42 years for females. The factors leading to the dignosis of ADPKD were flank or abdominal pain (46%), palpable abdominal mass (24%), incidental findings (18%), gross hematuria and headache. Urinalysis result showed hematuria (31%), proteinuria (19%), pyuria (18%). Among renal complications hypertension (67%) was the most common. Other complications were urolithiasis (16%) upper urinary tract infection (9%), cyst infection (7%). Azotemia was observed in 24% of cases. Echocardiography showed left ventricular hypertrophy in 24% and valvular regurgitation in 18% of cases, but there was no mital valve prolapse. Cerebrovascular events occurred in 6 cases (2 cases of intervertebral hemorrhage and 4 cases of cerebral infarction). Hipatic cyst were observed in 64% of cases. Eighteen cases culminated in end stage renal failure (ESRF) at an of 47. According to this study, the most common complications of ADPKD was hypertension (67%), ESRF (27%), and cerebrovascular event (9%). Hypertension was more frequently observed in increased creatinine group than normal.

Effect of Ti Addition on the Microstructure and High-Temperature Oxidation Property of AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy

Gi‑Su Ham,Young‑Kyun Kim,Young Sang Na,Kee‑Ahn Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.1

This study investigated the effect of Ti addition on microstructure and high-temperature oxidation property of AlCoCrFeNihigh-entropy alloy. Ti content was controlled at 0 at% and 1 at%. The two alloys were found to have BCC single phase, andthe average grain sizes of Ti0.0 and Ti1.0 were 47.3 μm and 49.7 μm, respectively, showing similarity. The EDS mappingof the inside of grains found that both alloys were characterized to be divided into Al-Ni element rich region and Cr–Feelement rich region. As a result of high-temperature oxidation test at 1100 °C, oxidation weight gains were measured atTi0.0: 0.75 mg/cm2 and Ti1.0: 0.17 mg/cm2, respectively. The results indicate that Ti addition largely improved high temperatureoxidation resistance of AlCoCrFeNi HEA. Ti1.0 alloy, in particular, showed remarkably more excellent 1100 °Chigh-temperature oxidation resistance than other previously reported major ones such as NiCrAl and FeCrAl. In the surfaceand cross-section observations after oxidation tests, both alloys were found to have Al2O3oxides mostly. While the Ti0.0material was observed to have Al2O3spallation macroscopically, the Ti1.0 alloy showed Al2O3spallation only in some localareas. In addition, a unique result was found in AlCoCrFeNiTix(x=0,1) alloy that BCC → FCC phase transformation was accelerated,and FCC phase layer was formed in the surficial area where Al element had been depleted due to high-temperatureoxidation. Moreover, as Ti was added, the thickness of FCC layer induced by high-temperature oxidation decreased. Basedon the results, it was also discussed on how to improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of AlCoCrFeNiTixHEA.

Fluoxetine이 Schedule-Induced Polydipsia가 유발된 백서 뇌에서 Tyrosine Hydroxylase 발현에 미치는 영향

이기철,이정호,최영민,정주호,정홍경,이용민,김도형,이대환 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.2

연구목적: Fluoxetine은 serotonin을 매개하여 간접적으로 dopamine 신경전달기능을 억제한다고 추정되고 있다. 또한 운동장애에서 운동기능의 악화를 유발한다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 신경세포체에서 fluoxetine이 dopamine에 어떠한 영향을 주는지는 아직까지 확실치 않다. 저자들은 schedule-induced polydipsia를 유발시킨 백서 뇌의 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵에서 tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) 발현이 저하됨을 발견하였다. 이를 통해서 fluoxetine이 백서 뇌의 dopamine 기능에 긍정적인지 혹은 부정적인지를 규명하고자 하였다. 방법: 4주간의 schedule-induced polydipsia 과정을 거친 백서에서 면역죄치화학적인 방법으로 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵의 tyrosine hydroxylase 발현이 저하됨을 확인한 후, 실험동물들에게 fluoxetine 10mg/kg를 3주간 복강내 주사하였다. 실험백서들을 희생시켜 뇌 조직을 적출하여, TH 면역조직화학 염색법을 이용하여 흑질, 복부피개영역, 그리고 미상핵의 TH 면역반응세포를 관찰하고 이를 정상백서와 비교하였다. 결과: 1) 다갈증이 유발된 백서의 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵에서 tyrosine hydroxylase 발현이 정상백서 보다 저하됨을 관찰하였다. 2) 3주간에 걸친 fluoxetine 투여후 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵의 tyrosin hydroxylase 발현이 다시 증가하는 소견을 보였다. 결론: Fluoxetine 만성투여가 흑질, 복부피개영역 그리고 미상핵의 tyrosin hydroxylase를 증가시키는 소견을 얻었다. 이러한 결과는 임상에서 dopamine 결핍과 연관된 질환들에서 fluoxetine을 만성투여하면 운동기능을 포함한 증상들의 개선을 가져올 수도 있다고 추정된다. Objective: It has been suggested that fluoxetine inhibits the dopaminergic neurotransmission by serotonergic mediation. And also, it has been shown to inhibit synthesis of DOPA in dopamine-rich areas of the rat forebrain. These dopamine-antagonistic capacity of fluoxetine is only supported by anecdotal report that the increased amount of motor disability in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease after exposure to fluoxetine. However, there is still no evidence of the direct effect of fluoxetine on dopaminergic neuronal cell body in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of fluoxetine in rat brain which showed decreased numbers of dopaminergic neuronal cell body induced by schedule-induced polydipsia(SIP). Method: We incidentally found that 4 weeks of schedule-induced polydipsic rats revealed the suppression of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen with the immunohistochemistric measures. After 3 weeks of intraperitoneal injection of 10mg/kg of fluoxetine to the schedule induced polydipsic rats, the tyrosine hydroxylase expression was also measured with immunohistochemistry. We compared the tyrosine hydroxylase expression among the normal control, the polydipsic rats, and the rats with fluoxetine treatment. Results: 1) By contrast with the control, the polydipsic rats revealed the evidence of decreased tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen. 2)After daily injection of fluoxetine for 3 weeks, the polydipsic rats showed increment of tyrosine hydroxyase expression in those areas. Conclusions: In previous studies, a great deal of results suggest that fluoxetine negatively influence the dopaminergic systems indirectly via serotonergic activation such as inhibition of dopamine synthesis or transport system. Although our results are obtained from rodents, we suggest that fluoxetine directly and positively enhance the dopamine system in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen. The chronic adminstration of fluoxetine may be helpful to dopamine-depleted condition in clinical situations. We anticipate the replication studies of our findings and well-controlled clinical trial.

A Study on Optimal Feedback Control of Decentralized Systems

( Lee¸ Dong Gi ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2002 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study is to explore optimal output feedback controller for decentralized discrete-time systems. Also, system stability is explored with various approaches. Based on sigular perturbation method, state feedback controller and output feedback controller are applied to stabilize the system.

안동호 상류 운곡천의 이화학적 수질특성과 식물플랑크톤 군집 특성

이중복,이희무,이건주,박정원,박재충,김동걸,권기석 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2002 환경연구논문집 Vol.2 No.1

This investigation is about the characteristics of phytoplankton community and physciochemical water quality of specific 6-point the Woon-kog stream system in upsteam of the Andong Lake. DO value was showed over 8.1㎎/L at each site and COD_Mn, BOD, T-N, T-P tend to increase as they stream down and that the existence and dominance of phytoplankton was low and it was difficult to conclude the definite correlation of water quality and phytoplankton community. Finally, it seemed to be desirable that alternatives for pollutional reduction should be made and performed on the basis of the continuous monitoring of the inflow to preserve the Andong Lake.