Two Types of Egress Based on Initiation: On The Pearl, “Flight,” and The Forgotten Village

( Kim¸ Eun-jin ),( Lee¸ Geon-geun ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2015 영어권문화연구 Vol.8 No.2

John Steinbeck, a Nobel-Literature laureate, is said to have had the strong impulse to get away to nature when young. His novels are distinctive of the description of egress from the society. For example, the characters of The Pearl, “Flight,” and The Forgotten Village leave their home to mountains and another city. Also, the egress is based on their initiation into a process of maturity and divided into two types―autobiographical and dramatic transition story. This paper aims to distinguish their characteristics by analyzing the texts of the three works in detail. Especially, it is possible that the egress of The Pearl is explained with both the styles depending on who is the hero of the story between Kino and the personified pearl. Besides, the takeoff of “Flight” is interpreted as the dramatic transition type, while that of The Forgotten Village as autographical one. Meanwhile, during more than half a century, the initiation story has been classified by Mordecai Marcus's idea according to its power as tentative, uncompleted, and decisive. However, the older typology is contingent on forms, not on contents. The newer one can reveal the speed of initiation, the tone and mood, the narrator's position, the clarity of a turning point, the role of supporting characters, the necessity of supplementary devices, the extent of the individual's conflict with the society, family relationship, the range of affecting factors, symbolic effect, the difference between what the hero knows and what s/he does not yet know, and the relationship between the internal and external part the protagonist has. All in all, two types of egress based on initiation are intended to contribute to developing the research on initiation stories.

PCR을 이용한 국내시장에 유통중인 유전자재조합 콩 및 가공식품의 모니터링

김묘영,김재환,김현중,박선희,우건조,김해영 한국응용생명화학회 2003 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.46 No.4

본 연구에서는 PCR을 이용하여 국내시장에 유통중인 원료콩과 가공식품에 epsps 또는 pat 유전자가 삽입된 유전자재조합 콩(GMS)의 사용여부를 모니터링하였다. 이러한 GMS의 검출을 위해 3쌍의 primer set을 제작하였고, 각각의 primer들은 GMS에 삽입된 유전자와 특이적으로 반응하여 PCR산물을 생성하였다. 2001년 표시제가 시행되기 이전에 생산된 총 가공식품과 이후의 제품에 대해 각각 모니터링을 수행하였으며, 표시제 이전에 생산된 제품의 경우 대부분의 미국산 원료에서 esps가 삽입된 GMS가 검출되었으나, 표시제 이후에는 검출되지 않았다. A method using PCR was developed for the monitoring of genetically modified soybean (GMS) and GMS derived foods utilized in the market. We designed 3 pairs of specific oligonucleotide primers based on epsps and pat inserted in GMS and ferritin gene as internal standards. Template DNAs isolated from soybean and processed foods were used for multiplex PCR with 3 primer sets. PCR, used with specific primer sets for GMS detection, showed the amplified DNA fragments with GMS template DNA. In this study, GMS containing epsps was detected from soy processed foods manufactured before GM food labeling system, however, GMS containing epsps or pat was not detected from soy processed foods manufactured after GM food labeling system.

빌트인 모터를 이용한 2축 제어 미세 가공기 개발

김건희,김효식,양순철,이상용,국명호,이선규,김윤중,홍권희 한국공작기계학회 2007 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

This paper describes development of low cost precision machine that has combined the Build-in Motor with a vacuum chuck. This study mainly aims to find out a cutting condition for maintaining optimum surface condition and to examine cutting characteristics of the precision machine that is equipped by diamond bites. The cutting materials is Al alloy. Several experiments were carried out to find out the main factors that affect the surface roughness such as principal axis RPM(rotation per minute), feeding speed, and cutting depth. As a result, we obtain The optimum cutting condition of the developed precision machine.

초정밀가공기를 이용한 Zerodur의 연삭 특성에 관한 연구

김주환,김건희,한정열,김석환,원종호 한국공작기계학회 2003 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.-

We explored a new rough grinding technique on optics materials such as Zerodur. The facility used is a NANOFORM-600 diamond turning machine with a custom grinding module and a range of diamond resin bond wheel. The grinding parameters such as workpiece rotation speed, depth of cut and feed rate were altered while grinding the workpiece surfaces of 20mm in diameter. Surface roughness is measured by Form Talysurf series2. Our target is to define grinding conditions producing the surface roughness better than 0.02μm Ra and the form accuracy of around 0.2μm PV.

사업다각화와 가결산 정보의 정확성 간의 관련성에 관한 연구

김범건(Kim Beom-Geon),권오진(Kwon Oh-Jin),최순재(Choi Soon-Jae) 한국국제회계학회 2017 국제회계연구 Vol.0 No.75

본 연구는 기업의 사업다각화수준과 가결산 정보의 정확성 간의 관계를 분석하고, 기업의 소유구조에 따라 이러한 관계가 어떻게 달라지는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 경영자가 사업다각화를 이용하여 사적효익을 추구한다면 다각화가 심화될수록 경영자는 기회주의적인 행동을 감추려할 것이다. 이로 인해 경영자와 이해관계자 간의 정보비대칭이 커지고, 기업의 공시품질 역시 낮아질 것으로 예상된다. 한편으로는, 사업다각화 기업의 경영자가 이해관계자들의 요구를 반영하여 정보비대칭을 해소하고 대리인 문제를 완화하기 위해 공시품질을 높이려는 유인도 존재할 수 있다. 이처럼 사업다각화 수준과 공시품질 간 양방향의 예측이 가능하지만 일관된 실증결과가 존재하지 않기 때문에, 본 연구는 공시품질의 대용치로 가결산 정보를 사용하여 기업의 사업다각화수준과 공시품질 간의 관계에 대한 실증분석을 수행한다. 나아가 우리나라는 기업 운영에 실질적 소유주의 의견이 많이 반영되기 때문에, 사업다각화 수준과 공시품질 간의 관계에 최대주주 및 외국인주주가 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석한다. 실증분석결과, 기업의 사업다각화 수준이 높을수록 가결산 정보의 정확성은 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 사업다각화 수준이 높아질수록 경영자가 이해관계자들을 고려하여 정보비대칭을 완화시키기 위하여 공시품질을 높이는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 다음으로 사업다각화 수준이 높은 기업에서 최대주주 지분율이 높다면, 가결산 정보의 정확성은 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 사업다각화 수준이 높을수록 최대주주는 부정확한 공시를 통해 사적 효익을 추구할 가능성이 존재한다는 것을 의미한다. 마지막으로 사업다각화 수준이 높은 기업에서 외국인주주의 지분율이 높더라도 가결산 정보의 정확성은 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 외국인주주는 내부정보에 대한 접근권이 낮기 때문에 사업다각화로 인해 기업이 복잡해질수록 감시역할을 제대로 수행하지 못한다고 볼 수 있다. This paper investigates the association between the level of business diversification and the accuracy of preliminary earnings, and examine how there is any difference according to the ownership structure. The disclosure is important to alleviate information asymmetry among information users of diversified firms. In the perspective of agency problem, it is possible that managers of the diversified firms improve disclosure quality to alleviate information asymmetry, contrary they may reduce disclosure quality to have private benefit. So, we analyze the relation between the level of diversification and disclosure quality(proxied by preliminary earnings). In addition, corporations could be operated by the opinions of de facto owner in Korea. So, we analyze the effect of the largest shareholders on the relationship between diversification level and disclosure quality, and analyze whether foreign investors monitor management. For our analysis, we use firms listed on KSE from 2002 to 2014 period. The result are as follows. First, the relation between the level of business diversification and the difference of preliminary earnings and actual earnings is negative. This result implies that managers enhance disclosure quality to alleviate information asymmetry when the level of diversification is higher. Second, the accuracy of preliminary earnings are low when the shares owned by largest shareholder are higher in the firms of high diversification level. This means that the higher the level of diversification, then the largest shareholders reduce disclosure quality and they pursue private benefit. Third, despite the higher shares owned by foreign, the firm on higher level of diversification decreases disclosure quality. This result suggests that it is difficult for foreign shareholders to access internal information when the firm becomes more complicated by diversification, so they can’t monitor insiders.

병식 평가 척도-한국판(SUMD-K)의 신뢰도와 타당도 검증

송지영,김기태,이서경,김용희,노준호,김종우,장환일,반건호,강원섭 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.4

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the reliability and the validity of the Korean version of the Scale to Assessment Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD-K). Methods : The subjects were 55 schizophrenic patients between ages of 26 and 58 who were recruited from the psychiatric unit of the university hospital and the out-patient clinic. The SUMD-K and insight scale of PANSS were applied to the patients. Results : The range of inter-rater (Spearman's rho) of the general items of SUMD-K were .97-.98 on the current illness and .58-.98 on the past illness. The correlation coefficient between the sum and the general items of the SUMD-K showed high scores. The concurrent validity between SUMD-K and insight item of PANSS was high (scores between .59-.96). However,the reliability and the validity of the attribution items of symptoms showed low scores compared to the current symptoms. Conclusion : The SUMD-K was confirmed in its reliability and validity. It can be a useful clinician-rating scale for evaluating insight in schizophrenic patients as well as patients with other neuropsychiatric conditions.

물리치료(학)과 학생들이 지각한 물리치료사의 이미지와 자아존중감과의 관련성 분석

김은애 ( Eun Ae Kim ),이건철 ( Geon Cheol Lee ),배원식 ( Won Sik Bae ),김지혁 ( Chi Hyok Kim ) 대한물리의학회 2013 대한물리의학회지 Vol.8 No.1

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to look into relationship between image of physiotherapist and self-esteem of physiotherapy students and desirable image of physiotherapists offer to establish basic materials. METHODS: The subjects of this study are consist of 603 students of department of Physical therapy university and college in Busan and Kim-hae. Data are collected from June 9 to July 9 in 2011 by structured questionnaires. RESULTS: The result are as follows. 1. at the physiotherapist image score, the highest score question is Physiotherapist is specialist(3.45) and the lowest score question is Physiotherapist is treated samely with doctor(2.15). 2. at the self-esteem score, the highest score question is I think that I am at least as valuable as others(3.37) and the lowest score question is I can be poorly sometimes(2.81). 3. at the static results of physiotherapist image score gap by general characteristics, there are significantly different in gender(t=2.27, p=.02), similar profession distinction(t=4.30, p=.00), major satisfaction(t=5.74, p=.00), school system (t=-2.54, p=.01). 4. at the static results of self-esteem score gap by general characteristics, there are significantly different in years (f=5.14, p=.00), gender(t=4.09, p=.00), religion(f=2.87, p=.04), similar profession distinction(t=3.97, p=.00), major satisfaction(t=4.26, p=.00). 5. at the static results of good reputation of physiotherapists increase self-esteem of physiotherapy students score question are significantly different(r=0.53, p=.00). CONCLUSION: Accordingly, these results of this study that there is a very correlation between image of physiotherapist and self-esteem of physiotherapy students. Therefore, good reputation of physiotherapists increase self-esteem of physiotherapy students.

제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 체내 총항산화능 측정의 의의

윤여일,윤석기,김선규,김용현,남일송,차건영,황의원,김영선 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.2

Background: The diabetic patients are at significantly increased risk of developing vascular disease. It's etiology may involve oxidative damage by free radiacals and protection againse such damage can be offered by antioxidants. We investigated that oxidative stress as assessed by measurement of total antioxidant status may play a role in development of diabetes mellitus. Method: We measured total antioxiant status using merchandised kit, glycated hemeglobin(HbA1c) in 46 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 50 healthy matched control subjects. Result: The total antioxidant status(TAS) was 2.10(±0.04) mmol/L in uncontrolled type 2 DM patients, 2.60(±0.03) in controlled type 2 DM patients and 2.70(±0.16) in healthy control subjects. TAS was significantly lower(P<0.05) in uncontrolled type 2 DM patients, but no significant association between in controlled type 2 DM patients and healthy control subjects. The TAS was 2.00(±0.17) mmol/L in complicated type 2 DM patients and 2.10(±0.29) uncomplicated type 2 DM patients. There was no significant associations between complicated type 2 DM patients and uncomplicated type 2 DM patients. Conclusion: Poor glycemic control is associated with reduced TAS in type 2 DM patients. TAS was thought indirect index that predict glycemic control of type 2 DM patients.

정신분열병 및 정신분열형 장애에 대한 올란자핀의 효과와 안전성

안용민,강대엽,권준수,김창윤,김철응,반건호,신영민,이기철,이동우,이중서,조현상,채정호,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

연구목적 : 본 다기관 공동임상연구는 국내 환자를 대상으로 새로운 항정신병약물인 올라자핀의 치료 효과와 안전성을 확인하고자 시행되었다. 방 법 : 1999년 7월부터 2000년 3월까지 국내 10개 병원에 방문한 정신분열병 및 정신분열형 장애 105명을 대상으로 비대조 개방 임상연구를 시행하였다. 중등도 이상의 정신병 증상을 지니거나, 부작용으로 약물교체가 필요한 경우 또는 기분장애 증상의 치료가 필요한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 2∼7일간의 약물 배설기간 후에 1일 10mg의 올란자핀을 투여하였고, 이후로 3∼7일 간격으로 용량을 조절하여 총 8주간 투여하였다. 치료 효과는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), BPRS(Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression-Severity), MADRS(Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale), HAM-A(Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety)로 판정하였다. 안전성 평가는 자발적인 이상반응 보고, 활력징후와 혈액 검사 및 SAS(Simpson-Angus Scale), BARS(Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale), AIMS(Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale)척도를 이용하였다. 결 과 : 105명중에서 85.7%인 90명이 8주간의 치료를 완료하였다. 평균 최빈 용량은 일일 16.1(±4.7)mg이었고, 종료시점에서의 BPRS전체 점수가 기저 상태에 비해 40%이상 감소된 반응군은 69.5%이었다. PANSS의 양성 증후군과 일반정신병리 뿐만 아니라 음성 증후군 소척도에서도 유의한 감소를 보였으며, 이 감소들은 치료 초기부터 나타나서 8주간 지속되었다. 43.8%의 피험자가 중등도 이상의 우울증상을 같이 지니고 있었으며, 올란자핀에 의해 MADRS와 HAM-A가 유의하게 감소하였다. 치료 기간 동안에 활력징후에는 뚜렷한 변화가 없었으나 체중은 8주간 지속적으로 증가하였다. SAS와 AIMS는 감소하였으며, 정좌불능증을 제외한 나머지 추체외로 증상의 발생비율도 낮았다. 임상적인 증상이나 징후를 동반하지 않는 ALT/SGPT의 상승을 보였지만 프로락틴을 포함하는 대부분의 혈액 검사상 뚜렷한 이상 변화는 없었다. 결 론 ; 비록 본 임상연구가 비대조 개방 임상연구로서 많은 제한점을 가지고 있지만, 올란자핀이 기존 약물에 내약성을 보이거나 기분증상을 동반하는 정신병에 치료 효과가 있었다. 그리고 기존 항정신병약물 치료시에 문제가 되었던 추체외로 증상과 고프르로락틴 혈증을 포함하는 대부분의 부작용면에서 안전성을 보여 주었다. Objective : This multicenter clinical trial was carried out to investigate the efficacy and the safety of olanzpine for the treatment of Korean patients. Mothod : 105 patients with schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder, visited at 10 mental or university hospitals, had received an open and non-comparative treatment with olanzapine for 8 weeks. Patients had psychotic or depressive symptoms with the severity above moderate degree or intolerable side effects to previous antipsychotics. After a wash-out period of 2-7 days, 10mg olanzapine was prescribed initially to all the patients, and then the dosage could be adjusted within the range of 5-20mg/day of olanzapine by 3-7 days. Results : 90(85.7%) of 105 patients completed the 8-weeks trial and the mean modal dose of olanzapine was 16.1(±4.7%)mg/day. At the end of the trial, 73 patients(69.5%) were classified as responder, which was defined as 40% or more improvement in BPRS(Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) score comparing to baseline. There was a significant reduction in the scores of PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale)and subscales including negative symptom scores and CGI. Also weekly analysis showed that the reductions in scores were kept on for the whole period of the trial. 43.8% of all the patients had depressive symptoms at the baseline and total scores of MADRS(Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and HAM-A(Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety) were also reduced after the trials. Vital signs revealed no clinically significant changes but continuous weight gain was observed during the treatment with olanzapine. The scores of SAS(Simpson-Angus Scale) and AIMS(Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale) for assessing the EPS(extrapyramidal symptoms)and tardive dyskinesia respectively were significantly decreased and only a few patients reported EPS as adverse events. Although mild and clinically non-significant of ALT/SGPT was observed, most laboratory parameters including plasma prolactin level showed to significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : Although this trial had many limitations because it was a non-comparative and open study, olanzapine showed high efficacy on the positive, negative and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder.In addition to that, olanzapine showed a substantially favorable safety profile, such as low incidence of EPS and hyperprolactinemia.

凍結鷄肉의 品質變化에 關한 硏究 : Ⅳ. 凍結 冷藏時의 理化學的 變化

金建培,李根雨 군산대학교 1986 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.20 No.3

The quality variation of the frozen chicken meat pretreated with the various methods were studied during the cold storage. For the purpose of this study, the frozen chickens as samples were divided into five groups, T1 group (untreated), T2 group (treated with 1% ascorbic acid), T3 group (7.5% potassium sorbate), T4 group (5% NaCl) and T5 group (mixed with 7.5% potassium sorbate and 1% ascorbic acid). All samples were kept the cold storage for 90 days, the item of investigation on the thawed samples were pH, water holding capacity, changes of drip, P.O.V. and T.B.A. The values of pH in T3, T4 and T5 groups were continuously increased according to the storage days, but those in T1 and T2 groups were decreased after 60 days (p〈0.01). The water-folding capacity was the lowest (66.22%) in T, group and the higest (70.72%) in T5 group, and the relatively stable in T4 and T5 groups. The free drip level was the highest as 5.15% in T1 group and the lowest as 1.6% in T5 group, and the expressible drip was relatively little in T4 and T5 groups compared with other groups (p〉0.05). The value of P.O.V in T1 group was the highest as 10.2 meq/Kg and the lowest as 4.7 meq/Kg in T5 group (p〈0.01). The value of T.B.A. was also the highest as 0.507 in T1 group and the lowest as 0.232 in T5 group (p〉0.05). The store ability of the frozen chicken meat was good in T5 group.