제2형 근관의 확대에 따른 최종근관장파일 크기의 비교

정은주,이동균,백신영,황호길 大韓齒科保存學會 2008 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.33 No.5

제2형의 근관형태를 갖는 치아에서 각각의 근관을 모두 근관장까지 확대한 경우,여러 확대기구에 따른 최종근관장파일의 크기를 상호 비교하여 얼마나 많은 변화가 있었는지를 분석하고자 치근 우식이 없고 치근단공 형성이 완료되었으며 2개의 근관 입구에서 시작하여 하나의 치근단공을 갖는 제 2형의 근관형태를 보이는 상악 소구치,상악 대구치의 근심협측 치근 및 하악 대구치의 근심 치근을 선택하여 확대기구에 따라 KF 군, PT 군,HS 군, K3 군으로 분류하고 치경부 조기 확대를 시행하였다. 초기근관장파일이 15번 크기인 지아를 각 군당 20개씩 무작위로 선택하였고,모든 근관을 각 군에 해당되는 30번 크기의 파일까지 제조회사의 지시에 따라 확대를 시행한 후,촉감과 universal testing machine을 이용하여 최종근관장파일의 크기를 결정하였다. 각 군의 최종근관장파일의 크기와 제거 시 요구되는 힘의 크기에 대한 유의성 검증은 one-way ANOVA를 이용하여 비교 분석하였으며,사후검정은 Tukey HSD test를 이용하여 0.05의 유의수준에서 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 제2형의 근관형태를 갖는 치아의 근관확대 시,모든 근관을 각각의 근관장으로 확대하는 방법은 확대에 마지막으로 이용된 기구의 크기보다 한,두 단계 정도 증가된 최종근관장파일을 나타냈다. 그러므로 제2형 근관형태를 나타내는 치아의 근관치료 시 임상가들은 근관충전에 앞서 치근단 받침을 다시 확인하고 형성하는 과정이 필요하리라 사료된다. Type II root canal was defined that two canals leave the chamber and merge to form a single canal at short of the apex. The aim of this study was to analyse the master apical file (MAF) size according to various instrumentation techniques in the type II root canal when each canal was enlarged to working length. Eighty mesial roots of molar with ISO #15 initial apical file (IAF) size in type II root canals were randomly divided into four experimental groups with 20 teeth each. According to enlarging instruments, four groups are: K-FLEXOFILE^(?) (KF), engine-driven Ni-Ti PRoT_(APER)^(?)(PT), HERO Shaper^(?)(HS), K³™ (K3). All canals were enlarged to each working length with ISO #30 size: #30 in KF, F3 in PT, .04/30 in HS, and .06/30 in K3. The master apical file (MAF) size was confirmed by tactile sensation and universal testing machine (EZ test, Shimadzu Co., Kyoto, Japan). The mean MAF size was statistically compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test at the 0.05 probability level. These results show that the MAF size was appeared one or two sizes larger than the final enlarging instrument when all canal in type II configuration were enlarged to each working length. Therefore, the clinician have to confirm the apical stop once more after instrumentation of type II root canal.

영도구 자원봉사활동 활성화 방안 연구

류황건,김수정,이동은 고신대학교 영도발전연구소 2003 영도연구 Vol.5 No.-

The importance of volunteering service activity has greatly come to the front as a value to comprehensive politics, economy, society and culture and supplement. On 'the year of world volunteers', the organized 'Korea Commission' is in active service, and ahead of the 2002 Korean and Japanese World Cup, many efforts are being made for enacting 'the Support Law of Volunteering Service Activity' while the boom of volunteering activity is formed. The purpose of this study was to improve the volunteer activities in Yeongdo-Gu, Busan. The surveys were conducted by nongovernment organizations, religious organizations, elementary schools, middle schools, high schools, universities and individual volunteers. The statistical analysis was used descriptive statistics by using SAS 10.2 program. The results of these surveys are summarized as follows: First,a membership of Yeongdo-Gu Volunteering Service Center established in 1997 is 1,277(man 634, woman 643) and its roles are to network with welfare facilities, to enhance the participating rate of citizens, and to educate volunteers and so forth. Second, as a result of individual volunteers survey, the subject of analysis were a total 64 cases of 45(70.3%) male and 19(29.7) female, their occupations are students 32(50.8%), housekeeper 13(20.6%). Third, Volunteers were participating in various fields of volunteer including social welfare, environment, transportation, health, culture and art. Thus operation plans to activate Yeongdo-Gu Volunteer activities are proposed as follows. First, it is necessary for assurance of volunteering resource in community and volunteering network construction for efficiency management. Second, it is also necessary for assurance of training program for volunteer.

17β-estradiol 처리에 따른 해산 어류의 vitellogenin 생성

황인영,박정규,이은경 한국환경독성학회 2001 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.16 No.1

A common used endpoint in bioassays testing the estrogenicity of chemicals including endocrine disruptors is the induction of egg yolk precursor vitellogenin in male fish. Two marine fishes (Sebastes schlegeli and Paralichthys olivaceus) were exposed to the 17β-estradiol (E2) to determine the vitellogenin production. Vitellogenin was measured in fish blood using SDS-PAGE and Densimetry. Results showed that exposure to E2 caused vitellogenin in male fish. Especially, vitellogenin levels in young fish were about 4 times higher than in adult fish, which means young fish are more sensitive to E2 exposure. And plasma vitellogenin in fish increased related to E2 concentration and exposure duration.

의사소통으로서의 쓰기가 수학 학습 능력 및 수학적 태도에 미치는 영향

황희란,정은실 진주교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2000 科學敎育硏究 Vol.26 No.-

An important topic in current mathematics education research is to relate mathematics to communication. Communication in mathematics has been highlighted as an important goal for all children. And because writing is a way of clarifying and refining one's own thoughts, written communication is important. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of mathematical writing activities on the achievement of elementary children in mathematics and on affective domain. That is, this study focuses on investigating the effects of mathematical writing activities on ability in and on attitudes towards mathematics. This study was designed to use nonequivalent control group pretest -posttest design. Two 6th grade classes were selected from an elementary school in Chinhae for this study, one for an experimental group and the other for a control group. One class was taught mathematics by using methods of writing activities and the other was taught by traditional methods. Students of experimental group were given worksheets for cultivating mathematics learning abilities in every session. These worksheets include completion, lead sentences, warm-ups, rewording, word banks and debriefing. And they were given worksheets for improving in mathematical attitudes one or two times in a week. They were asked to express feelings about mathematical story, to solve a mathematical puzzle, to draw a figure and to write about a given subject. This study was lasted from May 29, 2000 to July 15, 2000 for 7 weeks. The results obtained from the data analysis were as follows : 1.There was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in mathematics learning ability at the significant level of .01. 2.There was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in mathematical attitudes at the significant level of .05. That is, this research shows that writing activities in mathematics affect positively on mathematical attitudes such as learning attitudes of mathematics, the appreciation of usefulness about mathematics and the degree of interest in mathematics. The mean score of confidence on mathematics in an experimental group increased, but it is not significant. The results are like theses. An experimental group which has clone mathematical writing activities showed better mathematics teaming abilities and mathematical attitudes in affection domain than a control group which has not. The fact, tells us that mathematical writing activities make children to enhance the mathematical power and are effective to build up children's attitudes towards mathematics.

평양 남정리 53호분 출토 토제칠기의 보존 및 제작기법 연구 : 토제칠이배, 토제칠반, 토제칠안

황현성,임수경,김희진,이태진,고민정,윤은영 국립중앙박물관 2013 고고학지 Vol.19 No.-

본고는 일제 강점기 조사 미등록 유물 정리사업의 일환으로 수행한 평양 남정리 53호분 출토 토제칠이배, 토제칠반, 토제칠안에 관한 연구이다. 남정리 출토 유물은 소지가 목심이 아닌 토제라는 것과 칠이배와 칠반을 얹은 칠안이 함께 출토되었다는 점에서 주목할 만하다. 토제칠이배 및 칠반 그리고 칠안의 보존처리를 통해 이들의 형태와 문양 등에 대해 알 수 있었다. 또한 칠기에 사용된 붉은색 안료의 성분을 분석하여 안료의 주성분이 진사(HgS)였음을 확인하였다. 이번 연구에서 기존에 잘 알려지지 않았던 한반도 내 위치한 낙랑의 토제칠기에 관해 살펴볼 수 있었으며 이러한 제작방법이 한나라 고유의 문화인지 아니면 재지세력이 한나라의 영향을 받아 현지화한 문화의 산물인지에 대해 생각해 볼 수 있는 기회라 생각된다. This research paper examines the lacquered pottery cup, plate and table unearthed from Tomb No. 53 at Namjeong-ri in Pyongyang, which were under conservation treatment as a part of the Project of Unregistered Artefacts Uncovered in the Japanese Colonial Era. It is very rare to have a lacquered pottery cup and plate, lying on a lacquered pottery table, as a set of grave goods. In particular, they are not wooden but pottery items. Through conservation treatment for lacquered pottery cup, plate and table, it was possible to find out their shapes and decoration patterns. The resulting analysis of the red pigment used indicates that cinnabar (HgS) is the main element. This research is significant because it examines lacquered pottery wares produced in Lelang, which has rarely been conducted. Further research will need to prove whether their production techniques were in the unique Chinese Han style or were produced by indigenous craftsmen who adopted the Chinese Han technique.

Monte Carlo 방법을 이용한 대기오염 배출률 예측의 불확실성 평가

정효준,김은한,서경석,황원태,한문희 한국환경과학회 2006 한국환경과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

전진 이부성형술을 동반한 하악지 사상분할골절단술에서 경조직 변화와 관련된 연조직 변화에 관한 연구

황병남,이승훈,이정근,최은주 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to setup a standard treatment protocol in surgical correction of skeletal malocclusion with Angle Class III patients. We asessed the soft tissue changes according to skeletal changes of patients who undergone orthognathic surgery with bilateral split sagittal ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) and advancing genioplasty. Materials & Methods : The soft tissue change of 9 skeletal Class III patients was assessed after BSSRO and advancing genioplasty. The patient group was Class III who was surgically treated by BSSRO & advancing genioplasty. The average follow up period is 13 months with range of 6 and 30 months. All patients have undergone preoperative and postoperative orthodontic treatment. The assessment was devided into two groups. One was antero-posterior relationship and the other was vertical relationship of dimensional changes of soft tissue after orthognathic surgery. Results : In antero-posterior dimensional changes after surgery, the percentage of soft tissue change in comparison to hard tissue was 89%. Vertical ratio after surgery, 86% soft tissue changes were assessed.

말하기·읽기 능력 향상을 위한 효율적인 읽기 자료 개발

유정숙,Busbee, E.,김은실,이정숙,황규삼,노옥자 전주대학교 교육문제연구소 2000 敎育論叢 Vol.15 No.-

컴퓨터를 이용한 치아크기 계측시 재현도와 정확도에 관한 연구

김은정,황현식 대한치과교정학회 1999 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.29 No.5

본 연구는 치아크기 측정시 버니어 캘리퍼스를 사용한 계측치와 석고모형을 촬영하여 컴퓨터를 사용한 계측치를 서로 비교함으로써 석고모형 분석시 컴퓨터 이용 가능성을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 치아밀집치열 특징을 지니며 모든 치아의 맹출이 완료된 상하악 20 조의 석고 모형의 좌측 중절치부터 제 1 대구치까지 12개의 치아를 대상으로 하여, 각 치아의 근원심폭경을 버니어 캘리퍼스와 컴퓨터를 이용하여 2주 간격으로 2 회 측정하여 실험측정치를 얻은 다음, 측정에 이용된 석고모형을 근원심접촉점 부위에서 개개치아로 분리한 후, 마이크로미터를 이용하여 측정한 표준치와 비교분석하였다. 계측시 오차의 원인을 알아보기 위하여 상하악의 occlusogram을 얻어 각 치아의 접촉점 이탈유무 및 정도를 구하고 TARG(Torque Angulation Reference Guide)를 이용하여 각 치아의 근원심경사도를 계측한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 2회 측정에 대한 재현도 비교시 버니어 캘리퍼스를 사용한 경우 12개 치아 중 3개의 치아에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며 컴퓨터의 경우에는 1 개의 치아에서 차이가 나타났다. 2. 치아크기 계측의 정확도를 알아보기 위하여 포준치와 비교한 결과, 버니어 캘리퍼스를 사용한 경우 12개 중 3개의 치아에서 유의한 차이가 있었으며 컴퓨터의 경우에는 12개중 2개의 치아에서 차이가 나타났다. 3. 버니어 캘리퍼스를 사용한 경우 상악 제 1 대구치는 표준치에 비해 크게, 하악 제 1 대구치는 표준치에 비해 작게 재는 경향을 보였으며 컴퓨터의 경우 상하 제 1 대구치 모두 표준치에 비해 크게 재는 경향을 보였다. 4. 버니어 캘리퍼스로 계측시에는 하악 제 1 대구치가 가장 큰 오차를 보였으며 치아별로 오차정도가 다양하게 나타난 반면, 컴퓨터의 경우 치아별 오차정도의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 5. 접촉점 이탈정도 및 치관의 근원심 경사도와 오차정도의 상관성을 살펴본 결과 버니어 캘리퍼스로 측정한 경우 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았으나 컴퓨터로 계측한 경우 약한 순상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과는 모형분석을 위한 치아크기 계측시 컴퓨터 이용이 가능함을 시사하였다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the availability of computer system for the measurement of tooth size in the model analysis through the comparison of two measurements: One was to use a computer; and the other was to use vernier calipers. Twenty sets of casts were used, which showed a moderate degree of crowding and full eruption of all teeth. The mesio-distal width of 12 teeth from the left central incisor to the left first molar at each set of the casts were measured twice with vernier calipers and a computer respectively. This measurement was repeated two weeks later. First, for the reproducibility analysis, the two computer measurements were compared then the vernier calipers measurements were compared. Second, all the teeth were sepapated into the region of mesiodistal contact points and its width was measured by a micrometer to obtain standard measurements. For the accuracy analysis, these standard measurements were compared with the measurements from the dental casts using two methods. The difference between them was defined as the measurement error. To investigate the cause of measurement error, an examination was made for the presence and degree of contact point deviation on each tooth from the upper and lower occlusograms, and the mesio-distal angulation of each tooth was measured with TARG. Following results were obtained through statistical analysis. 1. In the analysis for reproducibility; the measurements with vernier calipers showed significant differences in three out of twelve teeth while the computer measurements showed significant differences in one out of twelve teeth. 2. In the analysis for accuracy; compared with the standard measurements, the measurements with vernier calipers showed significant differences in three out of twelve teeth while the computer measurements showed significant differences in two out of twelve teeth. 3. Compared with the standard measurements, the measurements with vernier calipers were apt to be larger at the upper first molar, and smaller at the lower first molar. The computer measurements, however, were apt to be larger at both upper and lower first molars. 4. The measurements with vernier calipers showed the largest error at the lower first molar and the degree of error was variable according to the while the difference of error was small in the computer measurements. 5. In the analysis for the correlation of the degree of measurement errors with the contact point deviation index and the mesio-distal crown angulation of each tooth, the measurements with vernier calipers did not show significant correlation while the measurements with computer showed slight positive correlations. The results of this study indicate that a computer system may be useful for the measurement of tooth size in the model analysis.

편측성 완전 구순구개열 환자의 포괄적 치료

이정근,황병남,최은주,김용빈 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.4

Cleft lip and palate is one of the congenital anomalies which need comprehensive and multidisciplinary treatment plan because 1) oral cavity is an important organ with masticatory function as a start of digestive tract, 2) anatomic symmetry and balance is esthetically important in midfacial area, and 3) it is also important to prevent psycho-social problems by adequate restoration of normal facial appearance. There are many different protocols in the treatment of cleft lip and palate, but our department has adopted and modified the Z□rich protocol, as published in the Journal of Korean Cleft Lip and Palate Association in 1998. The first challenge is feeding. Type of feeding aid ranges from simple obturators to active orthopedic appliances. In our department we use passive-type plate made up of soft and hard acrylic resin which permits normal maxillary growth. We use Millard's method to restore normal appearance and function of unilateral complete cleft lip. In consideration of both maxillary growth and phonetic problems, we first close soft palate at 18 months of age and delay the hard palate palatoplasty until 4 to 5 years of age. When soft palate is closed, posterior third of the hard palate is intentionally not denuded to allow normal maxillary growth. In hard palate palatoplasty the mucoperiosteum of affected site is not mobilized to permit residual growth of the maxilla. We have treated a patient with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate by Ajou protocol, which is a kind of modified Z□rich protocol. It is as follows: Infantile orthopedics with passive-type plate such as Hotz plate, cheiloplasty with Millard's rotation-advancement flap, and two stage palatoplasty. It is followed by orthodontic treatment and secondary osteoplasty to augment cleft alveolus, orthognathic surgery, and finally rehabilitation with conventional prosthodontic treatment or implant installation. The result was good up to now, but we are later to investigate the final result with longitudinal follow-up study according to master plan by Ajou protocol.