일본 소설작법과 이광수의 초기 문예론

이원동(Lee, Won-Dong) 한국어문학회 2018 語文學 Vol.0 No.141

Japanese sentence academies(日本文章学院)‘s Novel writing was published in 1906, and Tayama-katai (田山花袋)’s Novel writing was published in 1909. At the time of the publication of these two books, the concept of modern novels in Japan was undergoing a great change. Tsubouchi-shoyo(坪内逍遥)‘s Shousetsu shinzui (小説神髄) published from 1885 to 1886 defines novels as being ‘mainly about emotion’. This is the first definition of modern fiction in Japan. In 1907, however, this concept began to change since the publication of the blanket (布団) by Tayama-katai(田山花袋). In short, the concept of modern novels was greatly changed in Japan in 1906 ∼ 1909, when the two books were published. This is a case in contrast to the process of changing the concept of modern novels. Tsubouchi-shoyo(坪内逍遥) said emotion was important in the novel. Taking this viewpoint, novelists at Japanese sentence academies(日本文章学院) said that they should find a change of emotions on the social level. Tayama-katai(田山花袋) wrote that the scientific attitude should dissect emotions. On the other hand, Lee Kwang-soo(李光洙) was studying in Japan at the time of the publishing of the two novels. In 1916, Lee Kang-soo(李光洙) wrote What is Literature . In this article, Lee Kwang Su(李光洙) expressed his views on modern novels. Like Tsubouchi-shoyo(坪内逍遥) and novelists at Japanese sentence academies(日本文章学院’s novel theory, Lee Kwang-soo(李光洙) also wrote novels focusing on emotion. However, Lee Kwang Soo(李光洙) regarded the exchange of emotions in reading and writing novels as important. Lee Kwang-soo(李光洙) felt that emotions were a way for people to understand and sympathize with each other. Lee Kwang Soo (李光洙) thought that the novel was a kind of social communication.

Bi-factor MIRT True-Score Equating for Testlet-Based Tests

이규민(Gue min Lee),Won Chan Lee,Michael J Kolen,박인용(In Yong Park),Dong In Kim,Ji Seung Yang 한국교육평가학회 2015 교육평가연구 Vol.28 No.2

Lee and Lee (2014) proposed bi-factor multidimensional item response theory model (BFM) "observed-score" equating procedures. The main purposes of this study were to develop BFM "true-score" equating procedures, and to investigate applicability of the proposed procedures with actual data. Eight equating methods (including both true- and observed-score) based on dichotomous IRT (2-parameter logistic model: 2PL), polytomous IRT (graded response model: GRM), testlet response model (TRM), and BFM were compared with target equipercentile equating. Data for this study were from the Reading Comprehension test for a large-scale state assessment program, which consisted of several passages and corresponding groups of items. True- and observed-score equating methods based upon 2PL and BFM produced similar equating results. The GRM true- and observed-score equating methods provided equating results somewhat different from others, and more similar to the target equipercentile equating. Lee와 Lee(2014) 연구는 혼합형 검사에서의 bi-factor 다차원 문항반응모형을 적용한 IRT "관찰점수" 동등화 절차를 제안하였다. 이 연구는 Lee와 Lee(2014) 연구의 추수연구로 단위검사를 대상으로 bi-factor 다차원 문항반응모형을 적용한 IRT "진점수" 동등화 절차를 제안하고, 그 적용 가능성을 실제 자료를 이용하여 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 단위검사로 구성된 대규모 독해 검사 자료를 이용하여, 2모수 로지스틱 모형(2-parameter logistic model: 2PL), 등급반응모형(graded response model: GRM), 단위검사모형(testlet response model: TRM), bi-factor 모형(bi-factor model: BFM)을 적용하였으며, 관찰점수 및 진점수 동등화를 시행하여 총 8개의 동등화 방법을 적용하고, 산출된 결과를 동백분위 동등화 결과와 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 2PL과 BFM을 적용한 관찰점수 및 진점수 동등화는 유사한 결과를 산출하였으며, GRM을 적용한 관찰점수 및 진점수 동등화 방법은 다른 방법들과 다소 차이를 보이는 결과를 산출하였고, 비교 기준이 된 동백분위 동등화 결과와 보다 유사한 결과를 보였다.

Cystic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case of Undergoing Endoscopic Thyroid Lobectomy

Dong Hae Chung,Jae Yeon Seok,Yoo Seung Chung1,Eun Mee Oh1,Jung Won Ryu1,Young Don Lee1 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2015 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.15 No.1

On ultrasonography, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) shows hypoechogenicity, an irregular margin, a predominantly solid composition, and microcalcifications, similar to those observed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MTC presenting as a cystic lesion is rare, and endoscopic thyroidectomy can be performed for benign thyroid masses and early stage PTC, however it is inappropriate for MTC regardless of cystic change. The authors report a case of cystic MTC found after endoscopic thyroid lobectomy and provide a review of the literature on this topic.

1920년대 박영희의 일본 프로문학론 수용과 자기 맥락화

이원동(Lee Won-dong) 한국어문학회 2017 語文學 Vol.0 No.135

This study explores the writings of Pak Yŏnghŭi in the 1920s by comparing to the Japanese literary theory by Aono suekichi (靑野季吉). First of all, Pak emphasized the “attitude of literary critics as a fighter”, which was published after the debate with Kim Kijin, and he also cited the important works of Aono suekichi. So this article specifically analyzes the texts to understand the nature of the influences between the two writers and see what was perceived as the major problem. Specifically, Pak discussed the attitude of the literary critic of the tsunami and expressed that he intended to further define the discriminative characteristics of the proletarian literature. The changes of Pak’s attention and attitude in 1927, however, seems to be associated with Aono suekichi’s works that Pak actually used as his reference. At the same time, Lenin"s theory that juxtaposes the natural growth and purposeful consciousness also became an important material in this analysis. The concept, which describes the political relationship between intellectuals and the public, was developed by Aono suekichi, who pointed out the educational problems within the artist’s organization. Pak Yŏnghŭi’s advocate of proletarian literary theory likewise has arrived by various influences of proletarian literature, and it involves more complex contexts to examine. In conclusion, the discussion of Pak Yŏnghŭi can be understood in terms of the introduction of a new perspective, while separating from the preexisting concept or theoretical frame and adopting the ‘representation’ of Leninism. It can be seen as an attempt to define the concept of ready-made literature and the relation to other proletarian literature.

Correction: Direct characterization of graphene doping state by <i>in situ</i> photoemission spectroscopy with Ar gas cluster ion beam sputtering

Yun, Dong-Jin,Kim, Seyun,Jung, Changhoon,Lee, Chang-Seok,Sohn, Hiesang,Won, Jung Yeon,Kim, Yong Su,Chung, JaeGwan,Heo, Sung,Kim, Seong Heon,Seol, Minsu,Shin, Weon Ho The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.20 No.4

<P>Correction for ‘Direct characterization of graphene doping state by <I>in situ</I> photoemission spectroscopy with Ar gas cluster ion beam sputtering’ by Dong-Jin Yun <I>et al.</I>, <I>Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.</I>, 2018, 20, 615-622.</P>

The Deduction on Optimal Solution of Transport Cost by Clusters Divided Model in the Delivery System of Convenience Store

이원동(Won-dong Lee),김영민(Young-min Kim) 한국국제상학회 2016 國際商學 Vol.31 No.3

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to derive initial solutions and optimal solutions of total transport costs for each cluster divided model, and to execute the comparative analysis of the total transport costs minimal for the delivery system of convenience store. Research design, data, methodology : The zones were divided by random sampling to target a number of ships in Gangnam and Gangbuk sphere of G Convenience Store at room temperature products. After dividing to the entire cluster, two clusters and three clusters, the initial solutions were calculated by VAM program, and the optimal solutions were derived by taking advantage of the Excel Solver program each cluster. Results : In the minimum total transport costs each cluster, the entire cluster model was 736,000 Won, two clusters divided model was 770,000 Won, and three clusters derived model 696,000 was Won. Three clusters divided model got the minimum transport costs, and was shown as the most highly optimized model. Conclusions : The total transport costs can be minimized by applying an optimal solution of the cluster divided model in the delivery system of convenience stores. And it is possible to bring the efficiency of delivery vehicles and the reduction of the traffic volume, road congestion mitigation and air pollution. 본 연구에서는 편의점의 합리적인 상품 배송을 위하여 각 클러스터별로 총 운송비에 대한 수배송 초기해와 최적해를 도출하고, 어느 분할모형이 최소의 총 운송비를 가져오는지에 대해 비교분석을 하고자 한다. G편의점의 상온제품의 강남 및 강북권역의 수배송을 대상으로 무작위 샘플링을 통하여 권역을 분할하였다. 전체 클러스터, 2개 클러스터 및 3개 클러스터로 분할하여 휴리스틱으로 개발된 수배송 최적해 도출 프로그램인 VAM으로 클러스터별 초기해를 산출하고 엑셀 해찾기 프로그램을 활용하여 최적해를 도출하였다. 클러스터별 최소 총 운송비를 보면 전체 클러스터 736,000원, 2개 분할 클러스터 770,000원, 3개 분할 클러스터 696,000원으로 도출되었다. 3개 권역 분할모형이 최소 운송비를 가져오며, 2개 클러스터 분할모형의 운송비가 가장 높게 나타나 3개 권역으로 분할하여 수배송을 실시하는 경우가 최적화 모형인 것으로 확인되었다. 권역분할모형에 의한 편의점 상품 수배송의 최적해를 도출하여 총 운송비를 최소화할 수있으며, 배송차량을 효율적으로 운영할 수 있다. 또한 교통량 감소 및 도로혼잡 완화, 대기오염 감소효과도 가져올 수 있다.

상수원수 수질변화에 따른 전오존 처리효과 및 경제성 평가

최동훈 ( Dong Hoon Choi ),박진식 ( Jin Sik Park ),문추연 ( Choo Yeun Moon ),이재용 ( Jae Yong Lee ),유동춘 ( Dong Choon Ryu ),장성호 ( Seong Ho Jang ),권기원 ( Ki Won Kwon ),이수애 ( Soo Ae Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2013 한국환경과학회지 Vol.22 No.4

This study, changes in raw water quality is to indicate on the efficiency of ozone treatment of each pollutant as compared to derive the appropriate operating measures. The appropriate selection for injection rate of pre-ozone and did not inject pre-ozone assess changes in the water. When good water quality, you not injected of pre-ozone to evaluate the economic efficiency of electricity and put the most cost-effective ozone concentration were evaluated. Evaluation remove organic matter and chlorophyll-a concentration level in experiments with each factor of the water DOC> 2.5㎎ / L, THMFP> 70㎍ / L, Chl-a> 30㎎/㎥or less constant process, if you do not need to put pre-ozone showed little impact. It also does not put you in pre-ozone appropriate produce enough power rate savings was calculated as approximately 90 million won. Ability to remove organic materials and the ability to produce disinfection byproducts, and cost-effective decisions by considering the concentration of injection if pre-ozone 1 mg/L was investigated by the appropriate concentration of ozone injection.

Combination treatment for onychomycosis using 1,064 Nd:YAG laser and efinaconazole 10% topical solution

( Sang Ju Lee ),( Dong Woo Suh ),( Won Soon Chung ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.69 No.2

Background: Onychomycosis is one of the most common nail disease around the world. No specific treatment other than drug therapy and surgery was suggested till present. Systemic antifungal drugs for onychomysosis are effective. However, they require a long treatment time and not suitable for people with other systemic disease. Furthermore, they may cause many side effects such as liver disease. Also, many patients prefer topical drugs or physical treatment. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of combination treatment with a 1064 Nd:YAG laser and efinaconazole 10% Topical Solution. Methods: Ten patients with onychomycosis were treated with 1064 Nd:YAG laser (PinPointe FootLaser, Cynosure, Westford, MA, USA) once a month with application of 10% eifnaconazole solution(Jublia, Dong-A EST) once a day. The effectiveness of treatment were evaluated with before and after photographs. Results: Improvement were shown in 90% of patients after the treatment. However, 10% of patients had no response. Conclusion: This clinical study suggests that combination treatment of a 1064 Nd:YAG laser and efinaconazole 10% Topical Solutionis an effective, safe, and convenient treatment method for onychomycosis.

Combination treatment for onychomycosis using 1,064-Nd:YAG laser and efinaconazole 10% topical Solution

( Sang Ju Lee ),( Dong Woo Suh ),( Won Soon Chung ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.1

Onychomycosis is one of the most common nail disease around the world. No specific treatment other than drug therapy and surgery has been suggested till present. Systemic treatment with antifungal drugs for onychomysosis is effective. However, a long treatment time is required and it is not suitable for people with other systemic disease. Furthermore, it may cause many side effects such as liver diseases. For that reasons, topical drugs or physical treatments are preferred by many patients. Recently laser treatment for onychomycosis has been proposed. The efficacy of treatment is less than systemic drugs but, laser is more convenient, safe and accessible in treatment. As a result, the combination therapy using 1064 Nd:YAG laser and efinaconazole 10% topical solution was performed. Two patients with onychomycosis were treated with 1064 Nd:YAG laser (PinPointe FootLaser, Cynosure, Westford, MA, USA) once a month with application of 10% eifnaconazole solution(Jublia, Dong-A EST) once a day. All three patients were treated successfully. We considered a combination treatment of a 1064 Nd:YAG laser and efinaconazole 10% topical solutions would be an effective, safe, and convenient treatment method for onychomycosis.

사상체질에 따른 신체화 기제의 차이에 대한 연구

이고은 ( Go Eun Lee ),박장호 ( Jang Ho Park ),유윤선 ( Yun Sun Lyu ),노동진 ( Dong Jin No ),박인숙 ( In Sook Park ),강형원 ( Hyung Won Kang ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2011 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of somatization psychological mechanism among Sasang constitution. Methods: Subjects were seventy four students of Won-Kwang university responded the questionnaire. We evaulated teh subjects using Minnesota Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification Ⅱ(QSCC Ⅱ), Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2(MMPI-2), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Somato-Sensory Amplification Scale(SSAS), Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire(SIQ) and The Ways of Stress Coping Questionnaire(SCQ). Results: From the results of Clinical scale of MMPI-2, the scores of 2nd, 9th, 10th scales was significantly difference. In Lesser Yin group 10th score was the significantly highest of the others, 1st, 3rd, 6th, 7th, 8th score were the highest but not significant. and From the results of PSY-5 scale(The Personality Psychopathology Five scale) of MMPI-2, In Lesser Yin goup, INTR(Introversion/Low Positive Emotion) score was significantly highest, PSYC(psychoticism), NEGE (Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism) was higher than the others. In TAS-20K, SSAS, SIQ and SCQ Lesser Yin group was not significantly difference. but Lesser Yin group had the tendency of difficulty describing feelings and externally oriented thinking and higher score in physical and psychological interpretation. We observed generally lower levels of stress coping strategy scores than the others. Conclusions: These results showed that Lesser Yin group tend to somatization compared other constitution.