정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

韓國河川의 流出率과 流出指標로서의 洪水直前 流量

金熙鍾,柳又秀,金佳鉉,申東守,韓健模,全裕燦 東亞大學校 大學院 1984 大學院論文集 Vol.9 No.-

This paper is a study on relation between run-off ratio and antecedent discharge, run-off ratio and antecedent discharge per unit area, antecedent discharge and antecedent precipitation, by the data from the five major river basins in Korea and the small river basins in Pusan. The Nak-Dong rivers(An-Dong upper stream) f=0.4780+0.0124 ln qA r=0.99 qA=0.3368e0.1101R r=0.99 f=0.5793+0.0146 ln(qA/A) r=0.99 The Nak-Dong rivers except Ga-song station f=0.2017-0.0840 ln qA r=0.75 f=0.7012+0.0750 ln(aA/A) r=0.71 The Han rivers f=-0.0035+01267 on qA r=0.75 f=1.1311+0.1263 ln(qA/A) r=0.71 L=302.9064-43.8490 ln qA r=0.84 The Geun rivers(Mu-sin Cheon) f=0.295+0.1823 ln qA r=0.93 f=0.8417+0.1823 ln(qA/A) r=0.93 L=40.0456+62.0346 ln qA r=0.94 The Yeong-san rivers f=0.3766+0.0598 ln qA r=0.79 f=0.8084+0.0599 ln(qA/A) r=0.79 The Seom-jin rivers f=-1.3875+0.6505 ln qA r=0.92 f=2.1633+0.3465 ln(qA/A) r=0.76 Small river basin in Pusan f=0.3635+0.1120 ln qA r=0.87

1990년대 일본계 은행 해외대출의 지역적 집중에 관한 연구

韓東根,田剛秀 한국국제경제학회 2004 국제경제연구 Vol.10 No.2

본 논문의 목적은 1990년대 일본계 은행들이 선진국 시장을 비롯한 해외 대부분의 지역에 서 자금을 회수하여 아시아 시장에 집중 투입하는 '해외대출 포트폴리오 재구성' 행태를 보인 이유를 밝히는 데 있다. 퇴출의 위기에 직면한 금융기관들은 위험한 대출 포트폴리오를 선택하는 경향이 있다는 이론을 활용하여, 우리는 1990년대 초반 일본 국내의 자산시장 거품의 붕괴와 함께 시작된 수익성 악화와 경영위기가 일본 은행들로 하여금 높은 위험을 수반하는 '해외대출의 지역적 집중'을 추구하게 만들었다는 가설을 세웠다. 일본계 은행 해외대출의 지역적 집중도를 나타내는 허핀달 지수를 종속변수로 하고 일본의 주가와 은행의 예대마진, 그리고 달러 대비 엔화가치 등을 독립변수로 하여 공적분 분석을 행한 결과, 허핀달 지수는 주가지수(STOCK), 예대마진(MGN) 변수에는 (-)의 영향, 달러 대비 엔화가치(YEN)에는 (+)의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타나 우리의 가설을 지지해 주었다. This paper tries to explain why Japanese banks in 1990s concentrated their overseas lending on Asian region while retreating from other parts of the world. We offer a hypothesis that the financial difficulties associated with deteriorating profits and non performing loans in the midst of harsh recession in 1990s forced the Japanese banks to take high risks by focusing rather than diversifying regional portfolio. Our cointegration analysis shows that Japanese banks' Herfindahl index, which is assumed to reflect the degree of regional concentration of overseas lending, can be explained by the movement of stock price, profit margin, and Yen-Dollar exchange rate. The empirical result tells that the lower stock prices and profit margins are, the higher degree of concentration occurs. The result empirically supports our hypothesis.

Lithium의 組織分布와 Lithium이 他電解質에 미치는 影響에 關한 實驗的 硏究

韓東洙 최신의학사 1976 最新醫學 Vol.19 No.3

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the distribution levels of lithium in the plasma, erythrocytes and tissues (brain, muscle, liver, kidney, heart, hypophysis and adrenal gland) and to determine alteration of levels of other cations in those organs influenced by lithium ion. White male rats weighed 200g in average, divided into 3 groups, were used for this study as follow. first group, 15 rats as control had free access to drinking water. Second group, 15 rats received 5mEq/kg/day of lithium per os for 6 days (A), and third group, 20 rats received 1mEq/kg/day of lithium per os for 60 days (B). Tissues obtained from the rats after completion of planned administration period of lithium, were digested by Chang's method and levels of lithium and other cations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometer after ionizing with the lanthanum caesium solution and eliminating viscosity and froths from plasma with butanol and octanol. RESULT (1) A minute amount of lithium was traced from all tissues as well as erythrocytes and plasma of the control group: However in the bone tissue relatively high concentration of lithium was noted in comparison with other tissues. (2) It was noted that the lithium ion was highly concentrated in group A. It means that the level of distribution was closely related to dosage rather than duration of administration. . (3) Erythrocytes/plasma ratio of lithium was lower (0.844) in group A in comparison with that of group B. It reflected that lithium influx into erythrocytes was considerably slow, regarding that the ratio was relatively proportional to the duration of administration of it. (4) In comparison of the amount of infiltrated lithium into bone tissue with that into muscles, more amount of lithium infiltrated into the bone tissues upon long term administration of it. (5) Infiltration of lithium into brain took longer in time than that of lithium into the muscles, and from the brain it tended to excrete continuously for longer period. (6) The concentration level of Mg ion in lithium treated rats was increased in plasma, erythrocytes, brain and kidney, with a reversed picture in the bone. (7) By and large, a great deal amount of lithium infiltrated into the bone tissue while Ca and Mg ions seemed to be expelled by lithium. (8) A marked decrease of Na ion and slight diminution of K ion in the brain after administration of lithium in this study were in accord with the results of several studies previously done by others. Na ion might enhance alteration of Na+-K--ATPase function and result in a decrease of enzymatic activity, considering a hypothesis that lithium might substitute K ion in K+-site of this system. It suggests that the clinical effectiveness of lithium for mania may be closely related to above change in the enzymatic activity.

정신지체 청소년을 대상으로 한 1마일 걷기 검사의 페이서 효과

한동기,김의수 한국특수체육학회 2002 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a pacer through comparing completion time and heart rate of adolescents with mental retardation(8 adolescents with mild mental retardation, 8 adolescents with moderate mental retardation, and 8 adolescents with Down syndrome) in performing a 1-mile walk test with and without a pacer. The subjects completed Rockport Fitness Walking Test(RFWT) at least 2 times with or without a pacer. SPSS(Version 10.0) was used to analyze the data The differences of performing time and heart rate between three groups with or without a pacer were analyzed by ANOVA The differences of completion time and heart rate of each group with or without a pacer were analyzed paired t-test(α=.05). It is recommended that, when having adolescents with mental retardation perform a walk test, a pacer should be indirectly used to predict cardiopulmonary endurance.

한국산 붕어(Carassius auratus)의 초기생활사

한경호,진동수,유동재,백승록,황동식 여수대학교 2001 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The egg development and morphological development of larvae and juveniles of crucian carp, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus) caught at Bosung River, Chollanam-do, in April to June, 1999 were investigated in the laboratory, Yosu National University. In the spawning season, the nuptial organ was appeared on the opercular region and under region of eye, pectoral fin, ventral fin and lateral line. The egg was transparent of yellowish brown color, demersal of adhesive and sperical in shape, measuring 1.49∼1.63㎜ (mean 1.57㎜, n=50) in diameter. The first hatching was occured in 75 hours 10 minutes after fertilization in water temperature 18.3∼21.7℃. Newly hatched larvae attained mean 4.28㎜ had a big yolk sac and their mouth, and anus were not opened yet. At 5 days after hatching, the larvae attained mean 5.34㎜ and the yolk sac was almost absorded. At 13 days after hatching, the larvae attained mean 7.21㎜. The caudal notocord was flexed 45°upward, and they reached post larvae stage. At 31 days after hatching, the larvae, mean 14.68㎜ in TL reached the juvenile stage with all of the fins formed with complete set of the fin rays (D. ⅩII-11∼15; A. Ⅲ-5∼6; P. 15∼16; V. 1-8).

실시간 주문 확답을 위한 데이터 마이닝 기반 운용 계획 모델

한현수,오동하 한국경영과학회 2004 經營 科學 Vol.21 No.3

In the rapidly propagating Internet based electronic transaction environment, the importance of real time order confirmation has been more emphasized. In this paper, using data mining techniques, we develop intelligent operations decision model to allow real time order confirmation at the time the customer places an order with required delivery terms. Among various operation plannings used for order fulfillment, mill routing is the first interface decision point to link the order receiving at the marketing with the production planning for order fulfillment. Though linear programming based mathematical optimization techniques are mostly used for mill routing problems, some early orders should wait until sufficient orders are gathered for optimization. And that could effect longer order fulfillment lead-time, and prevent instant order confirmation of delivery terms. To cope with this problem. we provide the intelligent decision model to allow instant order based mill routing decisions. Data mining techniques of decision trees and neural networks, which are more popular in marketing and financial applications, are used to develop the model. Through diverse computational trials with the industrial data from the steel company, we have reported that the performance of the proposed approach is effective compared to the present heuristic only mill routing results. Various issues of data mining techniques application to the mill routing problems having linear programming characteristics are also discussed.

저질에 따른 꼬막(Tegillarca granosa)의 염분내성

한경호,진동수,추은경,이우범,이원교 國立 麗水大學校 環境問題硏究所 2000 環境硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.-

The present study was conducted to know the salinity tolerance of the bloody clam, Tegillarca granosa (Linnaeus) caught in Gang-jin Bay from May to June in 2000. In the experimental groups of sandy-mud, the survival and infiltration rate were not bad at 20~40ppt, but all the bloody clam, Tegillarca granosa died at more than 50ppt and less than 10ppt before the experiment finish. In the experimental groups of muddy, the survival and infiltration rate wrer not bad at 20~35ppt and then 40ppt, 45ppt. All the bloody clam, Tegillarca granosa died at more than 50ppt and less than 10ppt. The infiltration rate was high at 25~35ppt in the both of two experimental groups. In the sandy-mud, the bloody clam, Tegillarca granosa infiltrated less than half of their shells at 25ppt, 30ppt but in the muddy, they infiltrated more than half of their shells at 25ppt, 30ppt, 35ppt.

포항 석병연안에서 삼중자망에 의해 채집된 어류의 종조성 및 양적변동

한경호,손종철,황동식,최수하 한국어류학회 2002 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

경상북도 포항시 석병 연안에서 삼중자망 5폭을 사용, 1998년 1월부터 12월까지 총 12회에 걸쳐 어류를 포획하여, 어류의 종조성 및 양적변동을 조사하였다. 포획된 어류는 총 1網 7目 27科 58種, 607개체, 93,427g으로 쏨뱅이 目(Scorpaeniformes)과 쏨뱅이 目(Scorpaeniformes) 어류가 총 41種으로 전체 출현종 수의 70.7%를 차지하여 우점하는 분류군이었으며, 科별로는 양볼락 科(Scorpaenidae) 어류가 8種 출현하여, 가장 많은 種이 출현하였다. 개체수에서 우점종은 망상어, 노래미, 쥐노래미, 용치놀래기, 쥐치, 볼락, 개볼락, 멸치 및 임연수어로 이들 9種이 전개체수의 62.9%를 차지하였다. 생체량에서 우점종은 망상어, 쥐노래미, 임연수어, 노래미, 볼락 및 용치놀래기로 이들 6種이 전생체량의 58.4%를 차지하였다. 출현 개체수와 생체량은 수온이 상승하는 4월과, 고수온기인 7월 및 10월에 높게 나타났으며, 저수온기인 1월에는 낮게 나타나, 수온과 밀접한 관계가 있었다. 월별 출현종수는 수온이 낮은 1월에 10種이 출현하여 가장 적었고, 수온의 상승폭이 큰 5월에 24種으로 가장 많았다. 종 다양도지수는 1.640~2.594의 범위로 경월변화가 적고, 인근 해역에 비해서 높은 지수를 나타내고 있어, 다양한 어종과 안정된 군집구조를 형성하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 조사해역에서 연 중 출현한 어종은 망상어, 노래미, 쥐노래미, 볼락 등이며, 체형이 크고 성장도가 양호할 뿐만 아니라 주거종으로서 경제성있는 어종으로 평가된다. Fishes were collected by trammel net to determine seasonal species composition and biomass in coastal waters of Seokbyeong, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do from January to December, 1998. A total of 607 fishes(93,427g) was sampled and classified into 58 species belonging to 27 families and 7 orders. The most dominant orders were Scorpaeniformes and Perciformes, which together accounted for 70.7% of the total. The most dominant family Scorpaenidae was represented by eight species. The dominant species were Ditrema temmincki, Hexagrammos agrammus, H. otakii, Halichoeres poecilopterus, Stephanolepis cirrhifer, Sebastes inermis, Sebastes pachycephalus, Engraulis japonicus and Pleurogrammus azonus; they accounted for 62.9% of the total fishes collected. The dominant species in biomass were Ditrema temmincki, Hexagrammos agrammus, H. otakii, Halichoeres poecilopterus, Sebastes inermis and Pleurogrammus azonus. Those species accounted for 58.4% of the total biomass. The number of individuals and the biomass were much higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring, and closely correlated with water temperature. Monthly number of species was highest in May, with 24 species and lowest in January, with 10 species. The highest diversity index was in June(H'=2.594), and lowest in January(H'=1.640). The diversity index was 1.640~2.594, with little monthly fluctuation. The diversity index in coastal waters of Seokbyeong was higher than that in other coastal waters. It suggest that the cluster structure may be stable.

고추 세척기 개발에 관한 연구 : 초음파와 입형회전솔 방식 The Method Using Ultrasonics and Vertical Rotary Brush

한충수,박종수,금동혁 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 2001 煙草硏究 Vol.18 No.-

It is essential to wash foreign materials on the surface of red peppers, because the red peppers are concerned with food. The purpose of this study was to develop a red pepper washer using ultrasonics and vertical rotary brush. To increase the washing rate of the red peppers, the optimum washing condition of the red pepper washer using ultrasonics and vertical rotary brush were tested and analyzed. The results of this study were as follows; 1.There was no significant difference of the absorption rate of red pepper by the washing water temperature and washing method. 2.The reasonable speed of vertical rotary brush was around 100rpm. 3.The optimum washing period of red pepper was two minutes. 4.The water temperature did not affect washing effect. 5.The washer using ultrasonics and vertical rotary brush had the best washing effect.