Lidocaine, Thrombin, Epinephrine 의 항균효과

김진우,이동건,전혜선,김승준,김석찬,안중현,김치홍,권순석,김영균,김관형,문화식,신완식,송정섭,박성학 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6

목적 : 기관지내시경 검사에서 흔히 사용되는 국소마취제인 lidocaine과 내시경시 지혈목적으로 사용되는 thrombin과 epinephrine이 각종 균주에 미치는 항균효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 균주는 가톨릭대학교 성모병원에서 2004년 3월부터 2004년 9월까지 임상검체 에서 동정된 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 각각 42, 42, 42, 43주를 대상으로 하였다. Lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 감수성 검사는 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, 2002)의 기준에 따랐다. 결과 : Lidocaine은 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa에서 MIC_(50), MIC_(90) 모두 20,000 ㎍/mL 이었다. K. pneumoniae는 각각 10,000 ㎍/mL이었다. Thrombin은 S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에서 MIC50 500 lU/mL 과 MIC_(90) 500 IU/mL 이상이었고, K. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)이 모두 500 lU/mL이상이었으나 S. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)은 125 IU/mL이었다. Epinephrine은 K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 >500 ㎍/mL이었고, S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 500 ㎍/mL이었다. 결론 : 기관지 내시경 검사에서 흔히 쓰이는 lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 등의 약제들이 호흡기 질환의 흔한 병원균인 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 균주들에 대해 항균 효과가 있을 수 있어 세균배양검사에 영향을 미칠 수 있겠다. Background : We performed this stody to find out about antimicrobial effect of lidocaine which is commonly used local anesthetic, and thrombin and epinephrine used for hemostasis during bronchoscopic procedures. Materials and Methods : The microorganisms that were cultured from specimens obtained during bronchoscopy were Staphylococcus aureus (n=42), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=42), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=42), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=43) collected from St. Mary's Hospital, from March to Sep 2004 were used for susceptibity testing. Susceptibility to lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine were tested according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Result : MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of lidocaine for S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa were all 20,000 ㎍/mL and that for K. pneumoniae were 10,000 ㎍/mL. MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of thrombin for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was 500 IU/mL and above 500 IU/mL, respectively; that for K. pneumoniae were all above 500 IU/mL and for S. pneumoniae they were 125 IU/mL, MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of epinephrine for K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae were above 500 ㎍/mL; that for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 500 ㎍/mL. Conclusion : We observed possible antimicrobial effect of lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine in vitro against pathogens such as S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, which are common respiratory microorganisms. The use of these agants could affect the result of bacterial culture.

서울 남촌지역 가로 및 건물특성 조사연구

최동혁,김진균 대한건축학회 2005 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.21 No.2

The image and the scenery of a city is made up by the relative space composition method of its elements-streets, plots, and buildings. At the first stage of the city development, the streets are formed by parceling the land and on this basis, the buildings are constructed. This basic structure of the city would function as an urban environment. The city would start to work with more functions as it develops, and it would operate as a foundation for the future development of the city. This study is to analyse the physical urban form and environment by studying the present urban tissues. The regional area of this study will be limited to the city blocks at the center of Seoul, south of the Chunggae river. The streets in this area are in various widths, I-2m up to 20m, the total length of the streets is 7,64.5m. The area consists of 10 administrative districts, 1,740 plots, 1,284 buildings, and streets. This study would focus on understanding the physical characteristics of the city by classifying the streets to 4 groups according to their formation and changing process, grasping the meaning of the space structure by analysing the physical characteristics of the buildings and their usage as well as the three dimensional urban space structure made by the buildings along the streets, and consideration of the role of the urban tissues as the urban infrastructure.

역사환경으로서의 도시조직의 가치 : 서울 남촌지역을 중심으로

최동혁,김진균,이금진 대한건축학회 2005 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the urban tissues In terms of its historical environment The historical environment has an effect on the physical characteristics of a city and the physical environment is decided and changed by the interaction of Its components such as the street systems, plots and buildings The city of Seoul had been formed based upon Its natural elements, and Its street system had been built up along with Its waterway system The waterway is the main contextual factor of the irregular alley system of the old Seoul, which has been one of the main historical environment of the City for the last 600 years By analysing the historical maps and documents, the actual building documents, and the survey result of the several blocks in the City, this study would present that the Irregular geometrical configuration of Seoul was based upon Its waterway systems and the urban configuration has been affected by It's urban tissues In terms of historical environment for hundreds of years The study also suggests that It would be important to cons1der this historical urban environment of Seoul as a guideline of the future urban planning of the city

인티머시 槪念을 통해 본 劇場 오디토리움의 空間構造分析

신동재,황정현,김진균 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.4

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial structure of theatre auditoriums with the concept of Intimacy. As a result of modern scientific technology and development of media, substitutions for performance venues have been expanding their influence. In order to cope with this change, traditional performance venues have been altering their characteristics, and intimacy became the most important condition for them to have to be distinguished as modern facility. Intimacy has physical and psychological characteristics - distance and angle being the physical ones when considering in visual concept, and the visual intersection and audience density the latter. A sight-line analysis model (Izenour, 1977) used by the researchers in the past had its limit on application, hence for this study of space for performance, a new version of visual analysis model was created based on intuitive philosophy. In conclusion obtained from using the above model, change in spatial definition following the time and culture, and two forms which represent this the best - horseshoe-shape forms and Fan-shape forms have been discussed. But the limitation of visual analysis model remains. Recommendation for further studies would be to discover the components that determine the characteristic of intimacy, and to quantify them to apply in performance appraisal by the usage of Ray-Tracing Model.

강박증 환자에서의 인격장애 공존병리에 관한 연구

이동우,강웅구,류인균,정도언,조맹제,우종인,김용식,권준수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.3

연구목적 : 강박증의 동반인격장애에 관한 연구들은 기존의 개념과 달리 강박성 인격장애와 강박증 간에는 특이적인 관계가 없으며, 강박증 환자들은 다양한 인격장애를 동반한다는 결과를 보여주었다. 그러나 이러한 연구들은 동반 인격장애에 관한 기술적인 분석에 그쳤고, 강박증 환자군의 임상 증상과 동반 인격장애 양상간의 연관성에 관한 분석을 시행하지 않았다. 본 연구의 목적은 강박증 환자군에서의 동반 인격장애를 평가하고 강박증 환자의 다양한 증상과 동반 인격특성 간의 연관성에 대해 연구하는 것이다. 방 법 : DSM-IV의 강박증의 진단기준을 만족하는 59명의 환자군과 32명의 정상대조군을 대상으로 인격장애 질문지를 적용한 후 4∼6점의 절단점을 기준으로 인격장애의 진단이 내려졌다. 먼저 환자군과 정상대조군 간의 특정 인격장애 빈도의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 Fisher's exact test를 시행한 후, 두집단 간에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 밝혀진 인격장애 척도 점수에 미치는 Y-BOCS,BDI,BAI점수의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 다중선형회귀 분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1) Fisher's exact test 결과 강박증 환자군은 정상 대조군에 비해 경계성 인격장애(18.6%vs 0%, p=0.007). 회피성 인격장애(55.9% vs 18.8%, p=0.001), 우울성 인격장애(40.7% vs 0%, p=0.000)의 비율이 유의하게 높았다. 2) 다중선형회귀분석 결과 Y-BOCS 점수 (t=2.10, p=0.043)와 BAI점수(t=2.60, p=0.014)는 경계성 인격장애 점수에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 BAI점수(t=3.23, p<0.003)는 회피성 인격장애 저수에, BDI점수 (t=3.08, p=0.004)는 우울성 인격장애 점수에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 강박증 환자군은 정상 대조군에 비해 회피성 인격장애, 우울성 인격장애, 경계성 인격장애의 동반율이 높고, 강박증이 경계성 인격장애의 심각도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to assess the comorbid axis-Ⅱ disorders of obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD) patients and to investigate the relationship between symptoms of OCD and the comorbid personality traits. The subjects were 59 patients who met DSM-IV criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder and 32 normal controls. All subjects completed personality Disorder Questionnaire-IV(PDQ-IV). The patients completed Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI), and were rated with Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale(YBOCS). The results were as follows. 1) The OCD patients showed significantly higher prevalence of avoidant, depresssive and borderline personality disorder(p<0.01) compared to controls. 2) The BAI score had significant effect on the avoidant personality score(t=3,23, p<0.003). The BDI score had significant effect on the depressive personality score(t=3.08, p=0.004). The YBOCS(t=2.10, p=0.043) and BAI(t=2.60, p=0.014) scores had significant effects on the borderline personality score. We found that OCD patients had higher prevalence of avoidant, depressive, and borderline personality disorders. We also found that obsessive-compulsive symptoms have significant effect on the severity of borderline personalty traits. We suggest that it would be very helpful to consider Axis-Ⅱ disorders for managing patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

서혜부 유리 피판술을 이용한 Romberg씨 질병의 치험

안덕균,김준범,최은정,강동구,최재구 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1993 건국의과학학술지 Vol.3 No.-

본 건국대학교 의과대학 성형외과학 교실에서 Romberg씨 질병으로 좌측의 안면 함몰을 주소로 내원한 여자 환자 1례에서 탈상피화시킨 서혜부 유리 피판술을 시행하여 좋은 결과를 얻었기에 이에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Romberg's disease is progressive hemifacial atrophy, which begins before the age of 20-years, affecting the subcutaneous tissue and skin with later involvement of the muscle and osteocartilagenous frame work. The disease may be heralded by pigmentary changes of the hair, skin, or iris. When present, atrophy may originate from the cutaneous stigmata and may become so sharply delimited by the midline. There are a number of methods to correct the soft tissue deformity of the face. We had experienced 22-year old female patient who had a moderate soft tissue atrophy on the left side of the face. The patient was treated with a de-epithelized groin free flap. Superficial circumflex iliac vessels were used as donor pedicle and the superficial temporal vessels were recipient vessel. Initially moderate bulkiness was noted but after 6 months follow-up period the external contour was good and the patient satisfied. A case presentation and review of literatures are the basis of this report.

工場自動化에 관한 硏究

車政演,金東均 군산대학교 산업개발연구소 1987 産業開發硏究 Vol.6 No.-

Effect of Physical and Chemical Treatments on Chitosan Viscosity

No, Hong Kyoon,Kim, Soon Dong,Kim, Dong Seok,Kim, So Ja,Samuel P. Meyers 한국키틴키토산학회 1999 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.4 No.4

물리적, 화학적 처리가 키토산의 점도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 키토산의 점도는 물리적(분쇄, 가열, 고온가압,초음파) 그리고 화학적(오존) 처리에 의해 크게 영향을 받았으며, 처리 시간과 온도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 그러나 키토산 용액을 -40℃ 에서 9일간 저장하였을 때 점도 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 키토산 용액을 4℃와 23℃에서 61일간 저장하였을 때 점도는 각각 23%와 64% 감소하였다. Effects of physical and chemical treatments on chitosan viscosity were investigated. Chitosan viscosity was considerably affected by physical (grinding, heating, autoclaving, ultrasonication) and chemical (ozone) treatments, except for freezing, and decreased with an increase in treatment time and temperature. Freezing at -40℃ for 9 days did not affect the viscosity of chitosan solution. The chitosan solution stored at 4 and 23℃ for 61 days decreased in viscosity by 23 and 64%, respectively. This suggests that chitosan solution stored at 4t is relatively stable from a viscosity point of view.

Nomogram for Predicting Breast Conservation after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Kim, Min Kyoon,Han, Wonshik,Moon, Hyeong-Gon,Ahn, Soo Kyung,Kim, Jisun,Lee, Jun Woo,Kim, Ju-Yeon,Kim, Taeryung,Lee, Kyung-Hun,Kim, Tae-Yong,Han, Sae-Won,Im, Seock-Ah,Kim, Tae-You,Park, In Ae,Noh, Dong Korean Cancer Association 2015 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.47 No.2

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>The ability to accurately predict the likelihood of achieving breast conservation surgery (BCS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is important in deciding whether NCT or surgery should be the first-line treatment in patients with operable breast cancers.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>We reviewed the data of 513 women, who had stage II or III breast cancer and received NCT and surgery from a single institution. The ability of various clinicopathologic factors to predict the achievement of BCS and tumor size reduction to ≤ 3 cm was assessed. Nomograms were built and validated in an independent cohort.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>BCS was performed in 50.1% of patients, with 42.2% of tumors reduced to ≤ 3 cm after NCT. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smaller initial tumor size, longer distance between the lesion and the nipple, absence of suspicious calcifications on mammography, and a single tumor were associated with BCS rather than mastectomy (p < 0.05). Negative estrogen receptor, smaller initial tumor size, higher Ki-67 level, and absence of <I>in situ</I> component were associated with residual tumor size ≤ 3 cm (p < 0.05). Two nomograms were developed using these factors. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for nomograms predicting BCS and residual tumor ≤ 3 cm were 0.800 and 0.777, respectively. The calibration plots showed good agreement between the predicted and actual probabilities.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>We have established a model with novel factors that predicts BCS and residual tumor size after NCT. This model can help in making treatment decisions for patients who are candidates for NCT.</P>

Influence of L-Tyrosine on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate

Kim, Kyoon-Hong,Choi, Cheol-Hee,Kim, Sang-Hoon,Choi, Dong-Joon,Kim, Bong-Han,Lee, Jong-Jin,Kim, Yong-Tae,Lim, Dong-Yoon 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1991 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.16 No.1

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of L-tyrosine on the cardiovascular effects in rats anesthetized with pentobarbital and to clarify the mechanism of action . L-Tyrosine at lower dose (0.1 mg / kg) given into a femoral vein of the rat caused significantly tachycardic and hypertensive effents while higher doses (0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg / kg) of it produced a dose-related bradycardic and hypotensive responses. L-Tyrosine-induced hypertensive effect was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with phentolamine, clonidine and chlorisondamine but not influenced by bilateral vagotomization, debrisoquin, propranolol, cyproheptadine or diphenhydramine. The hypertension is also enhanced by atropine-pretreatment. Hypotension induced by L-tyrosine was greatly inhibited by premedication of phentolamine, debrisoquin and chlorisondarnine, while it was not affected in the presence of effects by bilateral vagatomization, atropine, clonidine, propranolol, cyproheptadine and diphenhydramine. Pretreatment with propranolol or chloisondarnine led to significant inhibition or both bradycardia and tachycardia evoked by L-tyrosine. However, there was no influence on these effects of L-tyrosine by prior administration of bilateral vagotomy, atropine, phentolamine, debrisoquin, clonidine, cyproheptadine or diphenhydramine. From these experimental data, it is thought that L-tyrosine given intravenously in the pentobarbital-anesthetized rats causes bradycardic and depressor responses at higher doses and slight tachycardic and pressor effects at smaller dose. It seems that the cardiovascular effects evoked by L-tyrosine may be mediated through sympathetic nervous system in a dose -dependent manner rather than parasympathetic dominance. L-Tyrosine이 pentobarital마취 흰쥐에서 혈압 및 심박에 대한 작용을 검토하고 그 작용의 본태를 규명하고자 본 연구를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. L-Tyrosine은 일측 대퇴정맥내로 투여시 적은용량(0.1㎎/㎏)에서는 약한 혈압상승과 심박증가작용을 나타내었으나 보다 많은 용량(0.3, 1.0및 3.0㎎/㎏) 에서는 현저한 혈압하강과 심박감소 작용을 용량 의존적으로 나타내었다. L-Tyrosine의 혈압상승작용은 phentolamine, clonidine 및 hlorisondamine 등의 전처치로 뚜렷이 약화되었으나 양측 미주신경절단이나 debrisoquin, propranolol, cyproheptadine 및 diphenhydramine등의 전처치에 의해서 별다른 영향을 받지 않았다. 한편, atropine 전처치로 L-tyrosine의 혈압상승작용은 상당히 증강됨을 나타내었다. L-Tyrosine의 혈압강하작용은 phentolamine, debhsoquin 및 Ch10risondamine등의 전처치에 의해서 현저히 억제되었으나, 미주신경절단이나 atropine, clonidine, Propranolol, cyproptadine, 및 diphenhydramine등의 존재하에서 영향을 받지 않았다. L-Tyrosine에 의한 심박감소 및 증가작용은 propranolol 이나 chlorisondamine 전처치로 현저히 감약되었으나 미주신경절단, atropine, phentolamine, debrisoquin, clonidine, cyproheptadine, 및 diphenhydramine 등의 전처치로 별다른 영향을 받지 않았다. 이상의 연구결과로보아, L-tyrosine은 마취 흰쥐정맥내로 투여시 비교적 높은 용량에서는 혈압하강과 심박감소작용을, 낮은 용량에서 약한 혈압상승 및 심박증가작용을 나타내며, 이러한 작용은 부교감신경을 통한 작용보다는 교감신경작용을 통해서 기인되는 것으로 사료된다.