하수슬러지를 이용한 복합소재 개발연구

연규석,권윤환,유근우,김남길,김동준,이윤수 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2002 석재연 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

본 연구는 하수 종말 처리에 의해 발생되는 하수 슬러지를 잔 골재(경량골재)로 사용하여, 폴리머 콘크리트를 제조하여 그 때의 역학적 성질에 대하여 검토하였다. 하수 슬러지는 5일간 110±5℃에서 수분함량 0.1%미만으로 건조한 후 파쇄하여 No.4∼No. 200 번체의 잔골재 표준 시방서 기준에 부합되도록 사용하였다. Pellet는 보통 회전pan에서 만드나, 본 실험에서는 수동으로 제조하였다. 제조한 하수 슬러지 경량 골재는 평균 겉보기 비중은 1.58(g/㎤), 단위용적중량은 1.98(t/㎥)으로 KS F 2534의 경량골재의 절건비중과 단위용적에 따른 분류에 의하면 중위급(medium weight) 경량골재에 속하는 것으로 측정되었다. 또한 잔 골재 중 하수 슬러지 경량 골재를 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%로 치환하여 그때의 압축, 휨, 인장강도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 하수 슬러지의 증가에 따라 강도 감소를 보였으나, 일반 경량콘크리트 제조 또는 단열용 콘크리트 블록 제조에 사용이 가능하다고 사료된다. 그러므로 앞으로 건조수축, 크리이프 특성 및 내구성에 관한 연구가 더욱 심도 있게 이루어져야 폐자원인 하수 슬러지를 이용한 건자재의 개발이 가능하리라 판단된다. In this study, the polymer concrete was produced by using the lightweight aggregate that had been manufactured using the sewage sludge and its physical properties were experimentally examined. Experimental results show that when the portion of sewage sludge lightweight aggregate in the fine aggregate increases, slump values decreases. Also, the compressive, the flexural and the tensile strengths decrease when the portion of sewage sludge lightweight aggregate increases. Although its strengths decreases, the sewage sludge lightweight fine aggregates is thought to be used for construction materials.

잣나무 풍매차대검정림의 가계별·지역별 생장과 수분생리 특성에 관한 연구

전상근,정동준,장용석 경희대학교 생명자원과학연구원 1999 硏究論文集 Vol.20 No.-

경기도 가평지역과 충청북도 영동지역에 조림된 동일한 모수를 가진 동일한 25개가계의 차대검정림에 대한 생장과 수분생리와의 관계를 살펴보면, 두 지역에서 생장이 가장 우수한 20번가계는 가평지역의 생장이 영동지역보다 ㏊당 약 80.92㎥ 정도 많은 영양생장을 보였으며, 생장이 가장 불량한 3번가계에서도 가평지역에서 ㏊당 약 27.99㎥ 많은 생장을 보였다. 또한 초기 원형질분리점(π_0)에서는 20번가계, 3번가계 모두 영동지역이 가평지역보다 낮은 Water Potential을 나타내고 있는데, 이것은 동일한 유전력을 지닌 가계에서도 조림지역의 환경에 따라 Water Potential의 차이가 생기며, 이에 따라 생장에도 차이가 나타나는 것으로 사료된다. 즉 수분조건이 양호한 가평지역에서는 그 만큼 수분 스트레스를 적게 받아 생장도 양호하게 나타났다고 할 수 있다. 앞으로 수분조건에 큰 영향을 주는 인자인 토양에 대한 연구가 함께 이루어져 잣나무 적지적수 판단에 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. This study was conducted to reveal the characteristics of the growth by locality for Korean White Pine planted in Kapyung Kyunggi-Do and Youngdong, Choongchunbuk-Do. The effects of water potential on the growth were also analyzed. For this, local site quality was first evaluated and several stand variables such as number of trees survived, mean DBH, mean height, basal area per hectare, and volume per hectare by stand age were measured and summarized for each locality. Family No. 20 showed excellent growth in two sites and at Kapyung a more volume about 80.92m^(3)/㏊ than at Youngdong Family No. 3 showed poor growth and at Kapyung a more volume about 27.99m^(3)/㏊. Also at incipient plasmolysis (π_(0)) showed families No. 20 and No. 3 at Kapyung a lower water potential that at Youngdong. In the family which has same heritability, the growth is considered to be different because of different water potential by local climatic conditions. From this in Kapyung site which has good moisture condition and power water stress, the growth of white pine showed good.

잣나무 풍매차대검정림의 계절별·가계별 생장과 동화생리 특성에 관한 연구

전상근,정동준,장용석 경희대학교 생명자원과학연구원 1999 硏究論文集 Vol.20 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate vegetative growth and assimilation physiological characteristics of Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. Average values were 5.9±0.4m in height, 8.9±1.0cm in diameter of breast height, 12.0±3.2m^(2) in basal area and 46.5±14.2m^(3) per ha in volume all over 17 years. No. 20 Family showed excellent growth of 27% (11.3㎝) in mean diameter of breast height, 15%(6.8m) in mean height, 54%(15.8m^(2)) in mean basal area and 68%(79m^(3)) in mean volume than total mean value respectively. Otherwise Family No. 3 showed the badest growth of 16%(7.5㎝), 12%(7.9m^(2)) and 38%(29.0m^(3)) than total mean value. 2. The changes of seasonal photosynthesis rate by increasing luminous intensity showed that family No. 20 was the upper rank, family No. 10 was the middle and the lower rank was family No. 3. As the season has changed from winter to summer, the photosynthesis rate was increased. 3. Chlorophyll contents was increased from winter to summer, especially No. 20 family showed more contents than the others. 4. The weight of assimilation tissue(gr), length of needle(cm), width of needle(cm) and number of stoma of family No. 20 showed any more values than the others. 5. As the season has changed from winter to summer, the value of family No. 3 showed more than the others in water utilization rate all over season and values showed increasing tendency.

18年生 잣나무 次代檢定林의 樹高·直徑生長의 遺傳力 및 改良效果

전상근,정동준,장용석 경희대학교 자연과학종합연구원 1998 자연과학논문집 Vol.4 No.-

The objectives of this study were to analyzed to variation and to estimate heritabilities and genetic gains for height and diameter growth of 18-year-old open-pollinated progenies of Korean White Pine in three different sites. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Family, site, block, and interactions among these factors were significant source of variance for tree height and diameter growth. The effects of family × site interaction were relatively large as compared with other source of variance. 2. Average values were 6.5m in height and 10.5cm in diameter at Kapyung site, 6.2 m and 9.8cm at Kwangju site, 4.9m and 6.5cm at Youngdong site, and 6.0 m and 9.1cm overall these three sites, respectively. 3. Family of No. 20 showed excellent growth of 6.8m in mean height, 10.5cm in mean diameter overall sites. 4. Individual-tree and family heritabilities were estimated 0.12-0.22 and 0.65-0.80 for height growth, and 0.05-0.15 and 0.59-0.78 for diameter growth, respectively. For overall the sites, estimates of individual-tree heritabdity was 0.38 for height and 0.25 for diameter, and those of family were 0.89 for height and 0.82 for diameter. 5. Heritability estimates varied with testing site, and that for height were higher than for diameter. 6. Given equal intensity of selection (l0%), combined selection showed the most efficient genetic gains for height and diameter.

고밀도 집적화를 위한 Inverse Chebyshev MOSFET-C 필터 설계

金東龍,崔碩佑,吳成根 全北大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

Continuous-time integrated filters, implemented in MOS VLSI technology, have been receiving considerable attention. In this paper, a continuous-time fifth order active RC Inverse Chebyshev filter is designed using cascade method which each block can be tunable. The resistors of an active RC network are replaced by a linear resistor using NMOS depletion transistors operated in the triode region. This MOSFET linear resistors which have simple structure can be adjusted by control voltage. And we have designed CMOS operational amplifier for fabrication. The Inverse Chebyshev MOSFET-C filter characteristics are simulated by PSPICE program.

加平地域 17年生 잣나무 次代檢定林의 家系別 生長特性

全尙根,鄭東浚,張容碩 경희대학교 생명자원과학연구원 1997 硏究論文集 Vol.18 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate the Specific property for tree growth of 17-year-old progeny of Korean White Pine in Ka-pyung. The performance of the 8 general height-dbh models fitted to 1,664 height-dbh data compiled from Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ volume classes of families using linear regression method, was compared in connection with several statistical test and growth principle of height. The results can be summarized as follows : 1. Average values were 8.9±1.0cm in diameter and 5.9±0.4cm in height all over the 25 families. 2. No. 20 Family showed excellent growth of 11.3cm in mean diameter, 6.8m in mean height and 78.8m^(3) in mean volume respectively, and No.5 Family showed the badest growth of 27.0m^(3) in mean volume. 3. When volume by the difference of volume ratio ±20% in families mean volume about total mean volume were classified(Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ), average values of volume were 66.5±7.5m^(3) in upper volume class(Ⅰ), 46.3k 4.8m^(3) in middle volume class(Ⅱ) and 30.6±3.2m^(3) in lower volume class(Ⅲ) 4. By 8 general height-dbh curve model, in which individual tree height is estimated from the dbh of individual tree in 3 volume classes(Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ), there is no height differences in statistical test such as mean difference(MD), standard deviation of difference(SDD), standard error of difference(SED), coefficient of determination(R^(2)), but Parabolic, Fresse, Log, Korson and Prodan functions were no fitted in with general growth principle of height. So height-dbh curve models of Petterson, Kennel and Michailow showed statistically performance and also coincided with general growth principles of height.

초음파현미경의 고주파 초음파 탐촉자를 이용한 코발트기 초내열합금강의 열화평가

박익근,조동수,김용권,임재생,김정석 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.24 No.5

V(z)곡선법을 이용한 코발트기 초내열합금강의 열화도 평가 유용성 유무를 고주파 초음파 탐촉자를 이용하여 실험적으로 검증 하였다. 코발트기 초내열 합금이 고온에서 장시간 노출되었을 때 일어나는 미세조직의 변화를 모사하기 위해서 인공열화를 실시하였다. 여로하에 미치는 초음파 음속의 영향을 고찰하고자 10MHz를 이용하여 펄스-에코법으로 종파의 음속을 측정하고 200MHz를 사용하여 V(z)곡선법으로 누설턴성표면파의 음속을 측정하였다. 두 초음파의 음속은 열화시간에 따라서 감소 하였다. 더욱이, 저주파수 종파의 음속변화는 거의 없었지만, 고주파수 누설탄성표면파의 음속변화는 열화시간에 따라서 최대 4.7%의 변화를 나타내었다. 열화에 따른 강도의 변화와 누설탄성표면파의 음속 변화는 양호한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 열화도 평가에 고주파 탐촉자를 이용한 초음파 현미경의 V(z)곡선법이 유용함을 알 수 있었다. The feasibility of V(z) curve method of scanning acoustic microscope using high frequency transducer was experimentally studied for assessment of the thermal degradation in Co-based superalloy. Thermal degradation was performed to simulate the microstructural changes in Co-based superalloy arising trom long term exposure at high temperature. Longitudinal wave velocity measured by pulse echo method using 10MHz transducer and leaky surface acoustic wave (LSAW) velocity measured by V(z) curve method using 200MHz transducer were measured to investigate the effect on thermal degradation. Ultrasonic velocity decreased as the aging time increased in both ultrasonic waves. Moreover, the low frequency longitudinal wave velocity decreased a little. Otherwise, the high frequency LSAW velocity drastically decreased up to a maximum of 4.7% at the aging time of 4,000hours. A good correlation was found between LSAW and Vickers hardness. Consequently, V(z) curve method of SAM using high frequency transducer could be a potential tool for assessing thermal degradation.

18年生 잣나무 次代檢定林의 家系別 毬果 着生量의 變異와 遺傳力

전상근,정동준,장용석 경희대학교 생명자원과학연구원 1998 硏究論文集 Vol.19 No.-

경기도 가평, 광주 그리고 충청북도 영동 지역에 조성한 잣나무 種子多産系 次代檢定林에 있어서 地域別, 家系別 18年生 着果量의 分散을 分析 檢討하고 遺傳力을 推定하였던 바 다으과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 着果量은 지역별로 차이를 나타내여 가평 지역의 個體木當 平均看果數가 0.85個, 광주 지역이 0.87個, 영동 지역이 0.72個였으며, 3個 지역 전체 平均看果數는 0.82였다. 2. 3個 지역에 있어서 平均看果數가 가장 많았던 家系는 20番家系(0.96個)였으며 가장 看果가 적었던 家系는 21番家系(0.74個)였다. 3. 3個 지역 看果數는 變異에 가장 큰 影響을 미치는 分散要因은 plot내의 個體木間에 있었으며, 家系, 지역, Block 그리고 이들 要因들의 相互作用이 有意하게 영향하고 있었다. 그러나, 가계×지역의 상호작용은 중요 分散要因이 아니었다. 4. 看果數의 單一木遺傳力은 0.04~0.24, 家系遺傳力0.006, 家系遺傳力은 0.349였다. 5. 看果數에 대한 單一木 및 家系遺傳力은 지역에 따라 차이가 나타났으나 個體木當 平均看果數가 만았던 광주 지역이 높은 경향을 보였다. The objectives of this study were to analyze variation and to estunate heritabilities for cone production of 18-year-old open-polhated progenies of Korean White Pine in three different sites. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Family, site, block, and interactions among these factors were significant source of variance for cone production. But the effects of family × site interaction were not relahvely large as compared with other source of variance. 2. Average values were 0.85 at Kapyung site, 0.87 at Kwangju site, 0.72 at Youngdong site and 0.82 overall three sites m mean of cone number per tree, respectively. 3. Family of No. 20 showed excellent value of 0.96 in mean of cone number per tree over all sites. 4. Individual-tree and family heritabilities were estimated 0.040∼24 and 0.16∼0.69 for cone production, respectively. For overall the sites, estunate of individual-tree heritability was 0.006 and that of family was 0.349 for cone production. 5. Heritability estunates vaned with testing site, and those for family were higher than for individual-tree.

알코올 사용과 스트레스와의 관련성

전진용,오동열,구민성,이준석,천근아,박웅섭,김상아 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.4

Objectives : This study was designed to assess the relationship between alcohol use and stress. Methods : The study subjects were 1,261 people who drink among the 2,565 people who lived in Gangneung. We investigated the sociodemographic characteristics, Short Form-12 (SF-12), Global Assessment of Recent Stress (GARS) and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Results : In Problem drinking group the GARS was significantly positively associated with the AUDIT (p=0.02). In Social drinking group sex (p<0.001) and age (p=0.02) is significantly associated with the AUDIT. Conclusion : This study showed the significantly positively association between stress and alcohol use. We think that the intervention and active management of the stress can prevent the alcohol problem.

정신과를 방문하는 환자의 통증호소의 빈도 및 특성

송지영,박진철,박종학,오동재,손형석,정근재 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.6

연구목적: 정신과 방문 환자에서 통증 호소는 적지 않을 것이라고 알려져 있으나 국내에서 정신과 외래 환자의 통증 관련 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 정신과 외래에 오는 환자들에서 통증의 빈도와 특성을 1,2,3차 의료기관에서 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 1차 의료기관(개인정신과의원) 외래환자 298명, 2차 의료기관(종합병원) 정신과 외래환자 99명, 3차 의료기관(대학병원) 정신과 외래환자 446명으로 총 843명의 성인 남녀를 대상으로 이들이 정신과에 방문했을 당시의 통증 여부와 조사 당시의 통증 유무 및 현재 통증의 정도를 평가하였다. 그리고 기질적 원인의 여부, 만성 통증의 여부, 통증의 부위, 통증 악화 요인, 보상문제의 유무, 약물 투여 내용 등을 조사하였다. 결 과: 1) 전체 대상자 843명 중 통증이 동반되었던 환자의 비율은 41.3%였으며, 기관별로 보면 개인의원 44.9%, 종합병원 44.5%, 대학병원 38.1%였다. 2) 조사 당시에 통증을 갖고 있는 경우는 3개 기관에서 평균 24.1%였다. 통증의 정도는 VAS상 평균 46.7㎜였으며 개인의원에서 대학병원에 비해 의미있게 그 정도가 심했다. 또한 `강하다` 이상의 통증 정도를 호소한 경우는 34.0%, `괴롭다` 이상의 불쾌정도를 표현한 경우는 26.2%였다. 3) 통증이 있었던 환자 중 기질성이 뚜렷한 경우는 적었으며(1.5∼5.9%), 통증의 부위는 머리가 50.9%로 가장 많았다. 통증의 지속기간은 6개월 이상인 만성통증의 경우가 68.7%를 차지했다. 4) 주요 약물로는 항불안제가 41.4%로 가장 많이 사용되고 있었으며, 통증과 관련하여 진통제를 처방받는 환자는 3.2%에 불과하였다. 결 론: 정신과 외래를 방문하는 환자들의 통증의 특성은 의료기관에 따라 인구통계학적 차이 뿐만 아니라 진단분포도 다르므로 3기관을 직접 비교하기에는 무리가 있으나, 본 연구 조사 결과 정신과 외래를 방문하는 환자들 중에서 40% 이상이 통증을 경험하고 있으며 2/3이상은 만성 통증이라 할 수 있었다. 이들은 중등도 이상의 통증을 갖고 있으며 당장 통증을 해결해 주어야 할 숫자도 적지 않았다. 따라서 정신과 환자의 통증에 대한 평가와 관리가 앞으로 더욱 강조되어야 할 필요가 있다고 사료된다. Objectives: The purposes of this study were to investigate the frequency and clinical characteristics of pain among the psychiatric out-patients in three clinics. Methods: A Total of 843 psychiatric adult out-patients(298 subjects from a private clinic, 99 subjects from a general hospital, 446 subjects from a university hospital) were assessed for the presence of pain during OPD follow-up and at the time assessed. And, the presence of organic causes, duration and site of pain, aggravating factors, compensation problems, and prescribed drugs were also investigated. Results: 1) The frequency of pain among psychiatric out-patients was overall 41.3%(44.9% in private clinic, 44.5% in general hospital, and 38.1% in university hospital, respectively). 2) The frequency of pain at the time assessed was 24.1%. In severity of pain, the average of VAS was 46.7±18.0㎜. Patients of private clinic showed more severe pain than that of general hospital. Moreover, patients who experienced over `marked` occupied 34.0% and pain as over `distressed` occupied 26.2%. 3) Only a few subjects had the definite organic causes(1.5-5.9%). The most common site of pain was on head. The patients having a pain over 6 months(i.e. chronic pain) occupied 68.7%. 4) The most common drugs prescribed were anxiolytics; 41.4% of patients were prescribed. The analgesics were prescribed only in 3.2% of patients. Conclusion: This result revealed that more than 40% of patients experienced pain in psychiatric OPD and two third of patients were suffered from chronic pain. Therefore, the evaluation and management of pain should be more emphasized.