관동맥질환에서 저밀도 지단백 입자 크기의 분포

임효영,김인숙,승기배,강동헌,전두수,장기육,박준철,이수영,홍순조,최규보 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.8

백화점 휴식공간의 구성요소 및 디자인에 관한 연구 : 국내외 사례분석을 통하여 by the analysis of domestic and foreign cases

최상헌,신동호 中央大學校 建設環境硏究所 2002 環境科學硏究 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구에서는 백화점 휴식공간의 실내공간 구성의 이론적 배경을 고찰하고, 국내ㆍ외 백화점의 사례를 분석, 종합하여 이를 바탕으로 백화점 휴식공간의 올바른 실내디자인 방향을 제시하기 위한 디자인 기준을 제안함으로써 백화점 휴식공간 계획의 디자인적 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 이러한 취지하에 문헌고찰을 통해 본 국외 백화점 휴식공간 조사를 바탕으로 국내 백화점 휴식공간의 사례조사를 문헌조사와 현장방문 조사를 병행하여 문제점을 도출하고 백화점의 휴식공간으로의 전용을 위한 실내공간 구성요소와 실내공간 디자인 방향을 공간계획의 측면과 공간의장적 측면에서 제시하였다. This study reviews theoretical backgrounds of interior space components of rest space at departmentstores and analyze the cases of domestic and foreign departmentstores. With the result, this paper aims at suggesting basic design guidelines for rest space design at department stores This study is based on literature review in cases of foreign department stores, and both literature review and visit survey in cases of domestic department stores. This study suggests design direction for dedicated use of rest space at department stores in terms of space planning and decoration.

한국인 제2형 당뇨병 환자의 골격근에서 인슐린 신호전달체계의 결함

최준혁,이관우,김효정,이동훈,이종우,김정은,엄현채,김경미,최성이,정윤석,김현만 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.5

연구배경: 제2형 당뇨병에서 나타나는 인슐린 저항성은 간, 지방, 근육 같은 말초조직에서 인슐린의 작용이 떨어지는 것을 말한다. 제2형 당뇨병의 발생기전에 인슐린 저항성과 인슐린 분비능 저하가 같이 관여함은 잘 알려진 사실이다. 인슐린의 세포내에서의 저항성을 규명하기 위한 인슐린의 세포내 신호전달체계에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며 몇몇 연구에서 인슐린 저항성을 가진 골격근육에서 IRS와 관련된 PI3-kinase의 활성감소와 Akt kinase의 활성감소를 보고하고 있으나 아직까지 명확하게 그 기작이 설명되어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 정상성인, 제2형 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 경구당부하검사 및 인슐린 클램프검사를 시행하고 인슐린 클램프 검사시 대상인의 근육을 채취하여 인슐린 신호전달 체계(IR-β, IRS, Akt(PKB, Rac) kinase, GSK-3)를 연구하였다. 방법: 연구대상자는 한국인으로서 경구당부하검사상 정상인 및 당뇨병 환자 각각 11명, 9명을 대상으로 하였으며, 정상인은 건강인으로 과거력상 당대사에 영향을 줄 질환이 없고, 현재 당대사에 영향을 줄 약물 복용 및 다른 소견이 없는 경구당부하검사상 정성 내당능을 보이는 대상자로 하였다. 당뇨병환자는 모두 제2형 당뇨병 환자로 이환기간이 만 5년 이내인 경우로 하고, 인슐린으로 치료하는 대상자는 제외하도록 하였다. 대상자의 연령, 체질량지수, 체지방량, 공복시 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤 및 HbA1c, 인슐린, C-peptide를 측정하였고, "HOMA model"을 이용하여 베타세포의 기능와 인슐린저항성 정도를 평가하였다. 정상혈당클램프 검사(euhlycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test)를 시행하고 인슐린 투입 전과 인슐린 투입 30분후, 두차례에 걸쳐 대퇴부 근육생검을 실시한후 western 법으로 IR-β, IRS, Akt kinase, GSK-3의 인산화량을 측정하였다. 결과: 정상인 11명과 당뇨병 환자 9명을 대상으로 하였으며 대상자의 평균 연령, 평균 체질량지수, 체지방량, 허리/엉덩이 둘레의 비(waist hip ratio; WHR)는 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. 평균 공복혈당은 정상군 98.0±0.3㎎/dL, 당뇨병군 208.1±16.5㎎/dL(p<0.05), HbA1c는 정상군 5.4±0.5%, 당뇨병군 9.2±0.6%(p<0.05)였다. "HOMA model"을 이용한 베타세포의 기능과 인슐린저항성은 정상군 56.4±8.5%, 1.4±0.2, 당뇨병군 72.2±52.3%(p<0.01), 10.2±6.3(p<0.01)였으며 정상혈당클램프 검사상 포도당 이용률은 정상군 8.2±0.6㎎/㎏/min, 당뇨병군 3.7±1.1㎎/㎏/min(p<0.01)로 정상군과 당뇨병군간에 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. Western blot법으로 IR-β, IRS, Akt kinase, GSK-3의 인산화량을 인슐린 투입전과 인슐린 투입 30분후 측정하였을 때 IR-β에서는 정상군이 103.9±2.3에서 241.3±18.6, 당뇨군이 108.9±2.2에서 198.7±6.3으로 증가하였다(p=NS). 이는 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 통계적인 차이가 없었다. IRS에서는 정상군이 111.6±7.3에서 295.6±17.2, 당뇨군이 114.5±6.1에서 222.0±23.2로 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 약 24% 감소하였다. Akt kinase에서는 103.4±6.0에서 416.8±29.5로 증가하였으며(p<0.01), 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 약 43% 감소하였다. GSK-3에서는 정상군이 107.7±6.7에서 595.7±28.1, 당뇨군이 104.3±4.8에서 443.3±12.9로 증가하였으며(p<0.01), 인슐린 투입후 당뇨병군이 정상군과 비교하여 인산화량의 증가정도가 약 25% 감소하였다. 결론: 제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 정상인과 비교하여 인슐린 자극후 IR-β는 인산화량의 증가정도가 큰 차이가 없었으나, IRS, Akt kinase, GSK-3에서는 인산화량의 증가 정도가 감소되는 것으로 보아 상위 인슐린 신호전단체계부터 결함이 있는 것으로 생각된다. Background: The glucose uptake rate is the limiting step in glucose utilization and storage. The failure of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake in muscle appears to be a primary defect of insulin resistance. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of physiological hyperinsulinemia on the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR-β), insulin receptor substrate (IRS), Akt kinase and GSK-3 in isolated skeletal muscle, in people with type 2 diabetes(n=9) and control subjects(n=11). Methods: 75g OGTT and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test were done. And vastus lateralis muscle was obtained before and 30 min into the euglycemic clamp. Western blots were performed for tyrosine phosphroylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) and phosphorylation of the insulin receptor(IR-β), Akt and GSK-3. Result: There were no statistical differences in the mean age, BMI and body fat between the control subjects and diabetic patients. The fasting blood sugar and HbA_1c in controls and diabetic patients were 98.0±0.3 and 208.1±16.5ng/dl, and 5.4±0.5 and 9.2±0.6%, and 1.4±0.2 in the control subjects, and 72.2±52.3%(p<0.01) and 10.2±6.3(p<0.01) in the diabetic patients, respectively. The insulin resistance from the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test were 8.2±0.6㎎/㎏/min and 3.7±1.1ng/㎏/min in the control subjects and in the diabetic patients, respectively(p<0.01). Compared with the normal controls, insulin-stimulated IR phosphorylation was no different to that in the diabetic patients. However, insulin-stimulated IRS phosphorylation, insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and insulin-stimulated GSK-3 phosphorylation were reduced in the diabetic patients compared with the normal controls by 24, 43 and 25%, respectively(p<0.05). Conclusion: In Korean type 2 diabetic patients, the insulin resistance may be due to the impairment of the upstream insulin signal molecular network. Further studies will focus on determining whether these signaling defects are the cause of the development of insulin resistance, or secondary to the altered metabolic state, associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 17:685∼697, 2002).

고농도 용액의 침지시 감자 절편의 탈수모델에 관한 연구

최동원,신해헌 한국식품영양학회 1999 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.12 No.6

감자절편를 고농도용애에 침지하여 탈수시킨 결과 침지용액을 구성하는 용질의 분자량에 따라 탈수 형태가 다르게 나타났다. 저분자 용액 인 NaCl. PEG 400 용액에 침지만 경우 조직의 뒤틀림현상(cytorrhysis)은 나타나지 않고 부피의 감소와 수분의 탈수현상이 나타난 반면 고분자 용액인 PEG 4000, PEG 6000용액에 침지한 경우cytorrhysis 현상을 동반한 부피의 감소와 탈수현상이 나타났다. 초기 탈수속도는 저분자용액에 침지시 더 빨랐으나 최종 탈수량은 고분자 용액에 침지시 더 컸다. 고장성 용액에 감자절편을 침지시켜 탈수되는 기작이 두가지 압력(삼투압, 분자압착력)에 의해 진행된다고 가정하고 모델을 제안하여 검정한 결과 제안된 모델은 고분자 용액에 침지시의 탈수현상을 설명하는데 적합하였다 모델에서 구해진 압력인자(ΔP)와 농도인자(a)는 온도(T)와 농도(C)의 함수로 표현되며 계수의 탄력성 검정결과 농도에대한 의존성이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. To investigate the effect of molecular size of solute of solution where which potato slices were soaked. In the case of soaking in low molecular solution like NaCl and polyethylene glycol(PEG)400 solution only plasmolysis was observed. However in high molecular solution like PEG4000 and PEG6000, cytorrhysis was observed. Initial dewatering rate was faster when soaked in low molecular solution but total amount of removed water was larger in high molecular solution. Suggested model fitted well dewatering phenomena when soaked in high molecular solution. Pressure factor and concentration factor was more dependent on concentration of soaking solution than soaking temperature.

PCR과 SDS-PAGE를 이용한 젖산균의 분류

최동훈,이중림,민승기,박종환,김해영,조재선 慶熙大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

Strain type of lactic acid bacteria was analysed by PCR and SDS-PAGE. PCR allows the rapid and specific detection of lactic acid bacteria using primers based on 16S rRNA gene-sequences. The analysis of protein pattern on SDS-PAGE can be used to determine the differences among the same or similar species of lactic acid bacteria. Therefore, the complementary use of PCR and SDS-PAGE method is one of simple way to classify the lactic acid bacteria and to compare with genetic analysis.

자궁탈의 임상적 고찰

김동원,노형균,안태규,최상준,송창훈,정혁 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 1999 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical aspects of prolape uteri. This clinical and statistical study was attempted to analyze 369 cases of uterine prolapse(328 cases -operated, the other cases - not operated) from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 1998 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chosun University Hospital. The results were as follows. 1. The incidences of uterine prolapse was 0.62% of the total admitted gynecologic patients during the study period. 2. Age distribution at the time of operation showed that 184 cases(25.6%) were 60 to 65 years of age, and 62 cases(18.2%) were 56 to 60 years of age. 3. Age distribution at the time of development of prolapse uteri showed that 134 cases(36.3%) were 21 to 30 years of age, 126 cases(34.1%) were 31 to 40 years of age. 4. 228 cases(61.7%) were those who had suffered from uterine prolapse for more 11 years and the mean durations were 15.6 years. 5. The degree of prolapse uteri showed that 281 cases(76.1%) were 3rd degree and 61 cases(16.5%) were 2nd degree. 6. The parity showed that 297 cases(80.2%) were over 4 times and 2 cases(0.27%) was nullipara. 7. The delivery place was at home in 318 cases(86.1%) and in hospital in 51 cases(13.9%). 8. The main symptoms comprised prolapse in 311 cases(84.2%), urinary frequency in 259 cases(70.1%), and bearing down sensation in 242 cases (65.8%). 9. An operation in 328 cases was carried out of 369 cases of prolapse uteri, 301 cases were treated by the vaginal hysterectomy with either anterior &osterior repair or posterior repair, 23 cases were treated by anterior &osterior repair. 10. The postoperative complications were urinary tract infection in 7 cases(2.1%), urinary retention in 4 cases(1.2%), vaginal vault prolapse in 2 cases(0.6%). 11. The indwelling foley catheter was kept for 7 days in 279 cases and the average postoperative hospitalization was around 9 days. 12. The postoperative pathologic findings were chronic cervicitis in 211 cases(67.8%), squamous metaplasia of the cervical gland in 98 cases(31.5%), adenomyosis in 69 cases, leiomyoma in 47 cases, and dysplasia of cervix, cervical polyp, endometrial polyp were also resulted. In conclusion, clinical features of uterine prolapse were studied. The clinical evaluation of uterine prolapse include age, parity, degree of prolapse, delivery site, age of onset, symptomatology, type of operation, complications, the results of histopathological examinations. Further study is necessary before these aspects can be implicated in the clinical evaluation of uterine prolapse.

예배 공간의 상징성 표현에 관한 연구

황동운,최상헌 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.12

This study deals with the aspects of symbolic representations found in the worship spaces in Korean church buildings since 1980. 29 church buildings were surveyed and analyzed with regard to the spatial and decorative elements which seemed to symbolize the place. Followings are the conclusions of the study. Symbolic representation often found their way in the abstract and taciturn expression as seen in the graphic representation of the Cross. It was also found that the principles of design were effectively applied to the symbolization of the worshipping space. Such as the use of light, hierarchical order, centrality, axiality, symmetry, etc

전격성 제1형 당뇨병 1예

노동현,김도형,김나래,박종선,이창헌,김미경,최영식 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

전격성 제1형 당뇨병은 특발성 당뇨병환자에서 임상 경과가 짧고 진단 당시 심각한 대사 합병증을 동반하면서 췌장 효소 수치가 높고 췌도 특이 자가항체가 음성인 새로운 아형으로 알려져 있으며, 일본과 일본 외에서의 유병률에는 차이가 있는 것으로 보인다. 아직 전격성 제1형 당뇨병의 발생 기전은 명확하지 않으며 유전적 감수성이 있는 개체에서 바이러스 감염 등의 환경적인 인자와의 연관성이 가능한 병태생리로 제시되고 있으며 이에 대한 추가적인 연구가 요구된다. 저자들은 케톤산증으로 내원하여 전격성 제1형 당뇨병을 진단받은 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고 하는 바이다. Some patients with idiopathic type 1 diabetes have a fulminant disorder characterized by the absence of insulitis and of diabetes-related antibodies, a remarkably abrupt onset and high serum pancreatic enzyme concentrations. This is referred to as fulminant type 1 diabetes. A 29-year-old man suffering from abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting consulted to our hospital. Laboratory findings revealed high blood glucose level and the evidence of diabetic ketoacidosis, but the serum HbA1c was normal nevertheless. The low level of plasma C-peptide indicated the loss of endogenous insulin secretion. The patient satisfied the criteria for the diagnosis of fulminant type 1 diabetes. After the patient has been treated with insulin, his symptoms were improved and abnormal laboratory data were normalized. We report this case with a review of the literature

치과병원에서 사용되는 진단영상에 대한 JPEG 2000 압축률에 대한 평가

정기훈,한원정,유동수,최순철,김은경 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2005 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.35 No.3

Purpose : To find out the proper compression ratios without degrading image quality and affecting lesion detectability on diagnostic images used in dentistry compressed with JPEG 2000 algorithm. Materials and Methods : Sixty Digora periapical images, sixty panoramic computed radiographic (CR) images, sixty computed tomographic (CT) images, and sixty magnetic resonance (MR) images were compressed into JPEG 2000 with ratios of 10 levels from 5 : 1 to 50 : 1. To evaluate the lesion detectability, the images were graded with 5 levels (1: definitely absent; 2: probably absent; 3: equivocal; 4: probably present; 5: definitely present), and then receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed using the original image as a gold standard. Also to evaluate subjectively the image quality, the images were graded with 5 levels (1: definitely unacceptable; 2: probably unacceptable; 3: equivocal; 4: probably acceptable; 5: definitely acceptable), and then paired t-test was performed. Results : In Digora, CR panoramic and CT images, compressed images up to ratios of 15 : 1 showed nearly the same lesion detectability as original images, and in MR images, compressed images did up to ratios of 25 : 1. In Digora and CR panoramic images, compressed images up to ratios of 5 : 1 showed little difference between the original and reconstructed images in subjective assessment of image quality. In CT images, compressed images did up to ratios of 10 : 1 and in MR images up to ratios of 15 : 1. Conclusion : We considered compression ratios up to 5 : 1 in Digora and CR panoramic images, up to 10 : 1 in CT images, up to 15 : 1 in MR images as clinically applicable compression ratios.

방사선사진의 인덱스-순서 분석을 통한 치아경조직의 탈염화 검출

박동현,박영호,김경숙,박정훈,이기자,최삼진,최용석,황의환,박헌국 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2009 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.39 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop the radiographic technique for detecting the demineralization which is known as indication of dental caries. Materials and Methods : This technique was based on the comparing of multiple radiographs which was irradiated by multiple X-ray spectra. For the meaningful comparing, the multiple radiographs were reconstructed to the dosimetrically consistent images using a standard material. The difference of resulting images of same target with multiple spectra represents the difference of response of material as regards the spectra. Results : We have found about 10% of demineralization of dental hard tissues particularly in the proximal region through the analyzing of differences. Conclusion : Most intriguing thing in this investigation was that the method to analyze difference shows us to an anatomic structure of dental hard tissues even if absolute values of optical density were excluded during the procedures.