식민지 시기 신춘문예 제도와 작문 교육 : 『동아일보』를 중심으로

손동호(Son, Dong-Ho) 한국문학회 2021 韓國文學論叢 Vol.87 No.-

『동아일보』의 신춘문예는 신진 작가의 발굴을 내세우며 등장하였다. 이는 독자 참여 제도의 시행 목적이 ‘독자’ 확보에서 ‘작가’ 확보로 변모했음을 의미한다. 하지만 아동작품은 ‘작가’ 확보와는 다른 목적에서 시행하였다. 『동아일보』는 신춘문예 시행 첫해부터 문예계, 부인계, 소년계 등으로 독자의 층위를 구분하여 작품을 모집하였다. 이는 여성과 아동이라는 새로운 독자층을 발굴하여 가정란과 아동란을 신설한 매체의 지면혁신 정책과 연계된 작업이자, 이전 시기 독자 참여 제도의 전통 계승에서 비롯된 결과였다. 문화주의를 표방하며 창간한 『동아일보』는 계몽의 차원에서 여성과 아동 독자를 호출하였다. 민족을 개량하여 문명화를 달성하기 위해 아동을 교육함으로써 근대적 주체를 양성하고자 한 것이다. 신문의 잠재적인 독자층을 확보하기 위해서나 문명화를 추진하기 위한 아동 교육의 필요에 의해서나 아동을 대상으로 한 문장 교육은 중요한 과제였다. 작문은 이러한 복합적인 배경에서 선택되어, 신춘문예의 모집부문에 포함될 수 있었다. 신춘문예 작문 부문 당선작은 자연 묘사 및 아동의 일상을 주로 다루었다. 하지만 작문은 단순히 자연을 묘사하거나 사건을 기록하는 데 그치지 않고 각 상황에서 촉발된 구체적인 감정을 드러냈다. 이를 통해 작문이 조선어 글쓰기를 통한 아동의 정서 함양을 지향했던 사실을 알 수 있다. 식민지 시기 총독부의 교육 정책은 조선어 교육을 폐지하는 것이었다. 이러한 상황에서 동아일보사는 브나로드 운동을 주관하고, 다양한 한글 관련 기획란을 마련하여 언문철자법의 보급에 앞장섰다. 그리고 아동들에게 읽을거리를 제공하는 한편 조선어로 된 작품을 모집, 발표하였다. 결국, 작문은 습작을 통한 조선어 글쓰기의 보급 및 아동 계몽을 목적으로 시행되었으며, 아동 계몽의 실질적인 내용은 정과 동정의 함양이었다. 신문의 지면개편에 관여하고 신춘문예를 주관한 이광수는 아동 교육에 관심이 많았다. 그는 근대적 사회를 형성하는 데 필요한 새로운 감정 규범으로 정과 동정을 제시하고, 그 실현 수단으로 작문을 활용하였다. 당선작의 내용을 분석한 결과, 제도 시행 초기 편집진의 이러한 의도가 신춘문예 시행동안 지속적으로 관철되었음을 확인하였다. The Spring Literary Contest of “Dong-A Ilbo” appeared with the excavation of young authors. However, works for children were implemented for a purpose different from discovering new authors. “Dong-A Ilbo” recruited works by dividing the layers of readers into literary, ladies, and boys from the beginning of the Spring Literary Contest. It was a work in connection with the media s paper innovation policy that created a family section and a children section by discovering a new readership of women and children. “Dong-A Ilbo”, which advocated culturalism, called women and children in the dimension of enlightenment. It aimed to cultivate a modern subject by educating children to improve the nation and achieve civilization. To secure a potential readership of newspapers, or because of the educational need to promote civilization, sentence education for children was an important task. The composition was conducted in this context. The winning work of the Spring Literary Contest mainly coped with the depiction of nature and the daily life of children. The composition did not stop at simply describing nature or recording events, but revealed specific emotions triggered in each situation. Through this, it can be seen that the composition was aimed at cultivating children s emotions through writing in Korean (Joseoneo). The educational policy of the governor-general during the colonial period was to abolish Korean language (Joseoneo) education. In this situation, Dong-A Ilbo took the lead in spreading the Korean word spelling by managing the Vnarod movement and preparing various Hangeul-related planning sections. In addition, while providing reading materials to children, it recruited and published works in Korean (Joseoneo). The composition was attempted at the dimension of teaching sentences for children to create a modern subject. Lee Gwang-su, who hosted the Spring Literary Contest, was very interested in education for children, and was also involved in reshuffling sections of the newspaper. He presented affection and sympathy as a new norm of emotion necessary to form a modern society, and used his writing as a means of realization.

『동아일보』 소재 ‘독자문단(讀者文壇)’ 연구

손동호(Son, Dong-Ho) 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2014 한국민족문화 Vol.53 No.-

‘독자문단’은 『동아일보』가 문예물을 전면에 내세운 최초의 독자투고였다. 본고의 목적은 ‘독자문단’의 전개과정을 밝히고, 해당란에 실린 160여 편의 작품을 분석하여 그 의의를 고찰하는 데 있다. 신문이 속간되자마자 해당란에 노자영과 김소월 등 기성문인의 작품을 실은 점으로 미루어 ‘독자문단’은 적극적인 독자 유인책으로 시도되었음을 알 수 있다. 해당란에는 전문작가 외에도 이후 문단에서 활약하게 되는 문인들의 작품이 다수 발표되었다. 이러한 점에서 ‘독자문단’은 근대 문인의 예비적 장소로 볼 수 있다. ‘독자문단’ 소재 작품들은 대부분 슬픔이나 그리움 등 개인의 감정을 주제로 삼았다. 이는 투고자들의 이향체험이 반영된 결과였다. 유학생이나 청년운동가였던 이들은 객지 생활을 하며 느낀 감회에서부터 사회에 대한 불만, 사회문제에 대한 해결책에 이르기까지 자신들의 관심사를 다룸으로써 정체성을 드러냈다. 운문과 산문을 막론하고 ‘독자문단’에 실린 작품들 중에서 가장 많은 비중을 차지한 주제는 개인의 감정이었다. 이렇듯 주제가 한정적이었다는 점은 편집진이 특정 주제를 의도적으로 유도했을 가능성에 무게를 실어준다. ‘독자문단’은 시행 초기부터 검열을 의식할 수밖에 없었다. 신문사는 문화운동을 명분으로 내세웠지만 실제로는 검열을 피하면서 신문의 구독률을 높이고자 하였다. 이에 대한 절충의 결과가 바로 ‘독자문단’이었던 셈이다. ‘Dokja Mundan’ was the first readers’ contribution of literary works that Dong-A Ilbo put up on its front page. The purposes of this study were to explore the developmental process of ‘Dokja Mundan’ to analyze some 160 literary works published in the column, and to discuss their meanings. As soon as the publication of the newspaper was resumed, the column carried the works of well-known writers such as No Ja-young and Kim So-wol, and this suggests that ‘Dokja Mundan’ was introduced as an active strategy to attract readers. In addition to the works of professional writers, the column also published the works of writers who appeared later in the literary circle. In this sense, ‘Dokja Mundan’ was a preliminary ground for modern writers. In most of works released through ‘Dokja Mundan’ the motifs were personal emotions such as sorrow and yearning, and this was a consequence of reflecting the contributors’ experiences in leaving home. The writers, most of whom were students away from home or young activists, exposed their identities by dealing with their interests such as their feelings on their lives away from home, their complaints about the society, and solutions for social problems. For both verse and prose, the most common themes among the works carried in ‘Dokja Mundan’ were personal emotions. Such confinement of themes suggests the possibility that the editorial team might induce the contributors to specific themes intentionally. From its beginning, ‘Dokja Mundan’ had to be conscious of censorship. Although the publisher claimed cultural movement as its cause, it actually tried to raise the subscription rate with avoiding censorship. ‘Dokja Mundan’ was exactly the product of the compromise.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Cl이 첨가된 ZnSe의 특성 연구

손정식,김인수,이동건,배인호,박성배 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

The electrical and structural properties of Cl-doped ZnSe epilayers have been studied by Hall effect measurement, Photoluminescence(PL), and chemical etching. By using ZnCl₂ as dopant source, the high quality n-type ZnSe layers with electron concentrating up to ?? have been achieved. Hall mobility for an epilayer with ?? are ~ 400 ㎠/V.s at 300 K and ~ 900㎠ /V.s at 80 K. These values are close to those reported for the homoepitaxial layer. For heavily doped samples, Cl donors are partially compensated. The PL measurements were performed at 11 K and 300 K. The excitonic emission associated with a neutral donor is dominant in the samples doped with Cl concentration below ~??. The carrier compensation was discussed with ?? complex as reported origin of self-activated(SA) emission in previous reports. The micrographs of etched surface by Br-methanol dilute solution showed that the lattice defects were increased with doped Cl concentration.

생물학적인 방법을 이용한 방부처리재의 중금속 제거(1) : CCA 및 CCFZ 처리재에서 구리의 제거 Removal of Copper from CCA, CCFZ Treated Wood

손동원,이동흡,강창호 한국목재공학회 2002 목재공학 Vol.30 No.2

갈색부후균 Tyromyces palustris를 이용하여 CCA, CCFZ처리 목재에서 구리를 제거하였다. 균에 의한 구리의 제거효율을 높이기 위한 전처리 방법으로서 증기압처리와 수산처리를 검토하였으며, 적정 배양 방법을 찾기 위하여 진탕배양, 고체배양, 정치배양에서 구리 제거율을 비교하였다. 전처리 방법에서, 증기압 처리만으로는 효과적인 구리제거가 불가능하였으며, 수산처리는 구리제거율은 낮았으나 수산처리 후 균처리를 하면 제거율이 향상되었다. 배양 방법에서는 정치 배양의 구리 제거효율이 높게 나타났다. 대량 배양을 위한 공기부양식 생물반응기에 의한 구리의 제거율은 7일 배양 이후 61%의 제거율을 보였다. T. palustris에 의한 구리제거기작을 탐색하기 위하여 배양액 중에 생성된 물질을 LC/Mass 분석 결과 T. palustris에서 분비되어진 수산과 방부처리 목재 중의 구리가 결합된 수산구리 착염체의 형성이 배양액 중에 존재함이 확인됨으로 균체 외 수산의 작용이 처리재의 구리제거에 크게 관여함이 밝혀졌다. The removing copper from CCA, CCFZ treated wood were tested with Tyromyces palustris. The shacking culture, solid culture, and stationary culture methods were tested to removal of copper in CCA, CCFZ treated wood. The steam pressure method and oxalic acid method were tested as pretreatment. To investigate of copper removal mechanism, the oxalic acid that produced by T. palustris and combination with copper was examined on stationary culture that contained CCA and CCFZ treated wood chips. Oxalic acid increased copper removing rate of T. palustris as pretreatment. Stationary culture had most removal effectiveness among the culturing methods. The removal rate of copper on bioreactor was 61% on 7 days. Copper-oxalate was detected on liquid culture, which show the oxalate from liquid of culture combined with copper from treated wood. It would be related to the removal of copper from treated wood by T. palustris.

American Medical Association 5판을 근거로 한 한국형 말초신경계 장애 평가기준 개발

박동식,김병조,황선철,송인욱,손병철,장성호,정두신 순천향대학교 의학연구소 2009 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.14 No.3

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CFT용 초고강도 콘크리트를 이용한 실물대 실험

손영준,송인명,양동일,정근호,정상진,최문식 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1(구조계)

The column for Steel Framed Reinforced Concrete Structure (SFRCS) and the column for Reinforced Concrete Structure (RCS) could be the most common building structure. The increasing of the need for massive space hasaffected the size of building components for supporting the massive structure. However, the changing of components size makes inefficient space of building. Hence, to meet the need for acquiring efficient space comparing the budget and cost the new structure method, Concrete Filled Tube Steel (CFT), was developed. CFT is the structure for which steel tube instead of other materials such as wood for holding concrete is used. The most benefit of this one is to help in reducing the size of the building components and local buckling because of tube steel holding concrete. For this reason, this research will examine the probability of applying CFT on construction sites by using the concrete (800kg/cm2) especially for CFT through the data from the real size mock-up.

쌀보리로부터 Saccharomyces uvarum을 이용한 알콜 생산

손인호,김병옥,임동준 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1997 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.2

요약문쌀보리로부터 연료용 에탄올을 생산하기 위해서 Saccharomyces uvarum ATCC 26602를 이용하여 연구하였다. 쌀보리는 상업적 효소를 이용하여 액·당화에 의해 환원당으로 전환되어졌으며 효소의 최적 투여량은 쌀보리 100g당 40㎕ Termamyl 240 L, 200㎕ AMG 200 L, 150㎕ Celluclast 1.5L 그리고 30㎕ Novozyme 188 였다. 고형입자에 의해 발생되는 문제점들을 해결하기 위해 필터반응기에 세포를 재순환시키는 연속에탄올 발효공정을 사용하였다. AbstractThe production of fuel ethanol from the naked barley using Saccharomyces uuarum ATCC 26602 has been studied. Naked barley was converted into reducing sugar by liquefaction and saccharification with commercial enzymes. The opitimal dosages of enzymes were found to be 40/^ Termarnyl 240 L, 200 pS, AMG 200L, 150/rf Celluclast 1.5 L and 30 nH Novozyme 188 per 100 g naked barley. The continuous ethanol fermentation process using a filter reactor with cell recycle was employed to solve many problems caused by solid particles.

볏짚으로 제조한 청국장의 특성

孫東和,梁成鎬,池元大 대구산업정보대학 1998 논문집 Vol.12 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate main odor components of Chungkook-jang fermented with organisms in rice straw. In order to search major aroma components, changes of aroma compounds and sensory score were compared for fermentation period. 30 aroma compounds were identified as a result of analysis using GC-MSD. Aroma of Chungkook-jang was leaded by 5 compounds, 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine, 2,3-dimethyl-5- ethylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, tetramethylpyrazine and 3,5-diethyl-2- methyl-pyrazine. Major aroma components of Chungkook-jang on aging time were studied on the basic of sensory score. The desirable odor components were showed as 1-octen-3-ol and guaiacol. The undesirable odor components were appeared as butanoic acid and 3-methyl-butanoic acid