소형민수헬기 능동진동제어시스템 개발

김남조(Nam-Jo Kim),곽동일(Dong-Il Kwak),강우람(Woo-Ram Kang),황유상(Yoo-Sang Hwang),김도형(Do-Hyung Kim),김찬동(Chan-Dong Kim),이기진(Ki-Jin Lee),소희섭(Hee-Soup So) 한국항공우주학회 2022 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.50 No.3

헬기의 능동진동제어시스템(AVCS)은 주로터로부터 발생되는 진동을 제어하며, 수동형 진동저감장치 대비 저중량으로 우수한 진동저감 성능을 발휘한다. 본 논문에서는 FxLMS 알고리즘을 기반으로 타코미터 및 가속도 센서 신호를 통해 연산된 제어명령을 하중발생기(CFG)로 전달하여 소형 민수헬기의 진동을 제어하는 소프트웨어 개발 및 검증 내용을 제시하였다. DO-178C /DO-331 표준에 따라 모델 기반 설계 기법을 통해 진동제어 소프트웨어를 개발하였으며, PILS 및 HILS 환경에서 실시간 작동 성능을 평가하였다. 특히, PILS 환경에서는 LDRA 기반 검증 커버리지를 통해 소프트웨어의 신뢰성을 향상시켰다. AVCS를 소형민수헬기에 적용하기 위해 지상/비행시험을 통해 대상 헬기 동적응답특성 모델을 획득하였다. 이를 기반으로 시스템 최적화 분석 및 비행시험을 통해 최적 성능을 발휘하는 AVCS 형상을 결정하고, STC 인증을 획득하였다. Active vibration control system(AVCS) for helicopter enables to control the vibration generated from the main rotor and has the superb vibration reduction performance with low weight compared passive vibration reduction device. In this paper, FxLMS algorithm-based vibration control software of the light civil helicopter tansmits the control command calculated using the signals of the tachometer and accelerometers to the circular force generator(CFG) is developed and verified. According to the RTCA DO-178C/DO-331, the vibration control software is developed through the model based design technique, and real-time operation performance is evaluated in PILS(processor in-the loop simulation) and HILS(hardware in-the loop simulation) environments. In particular, the reliability of the software is improved through the LDRA-based verification coverage in the PIL environments. In order to AVCS to light civil helicopter(LCH), the dynamic response characteristic model is obtained through the ground/flight tests. AVCS configuration which exhibits the optimal performance is determined using system optimization analysis and flight test and obtain STC certification.

무증상군의 요추부 유연성과 그라프 불안정 정도

강재도,김광열,김형천,정경칠,유호섭 침례병원 1998 浸禮病院學術誌 Vol.14 No.-

구멍연잎성게, Astriclypeus manni (VERRIL1867) 의 먹이섭취, 서식밀도 및 이동속도에 관하여

강도형,최광식 한국환경생물학회 2002 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.20 No.2

부정형성게류인 구멍연잎성게는 제주도 연안에 널리 분포하고 있음에도 불구하고 생태학적 연구들이 미비한 실정이다. 이 연구는 구멍연잎성게의 행동학적 연구로서 먹이섭취, 서식밀도 및 이동에 대한 기초자료로서 시료는 제주도의 북동쪽에 위치한 함덕에서 SCUBA를 통하여 채집 및 현장에서 직접 관찰하였다. 장내용물 관찰 결과, 장내 퇴적물 입자의 평균 입도조성은 77.6±22.2 μm였다. 장 내용물은 유공충, 저서성 요각류, 선충류, 규조류, 알, 해조류의 파편, 골편 등의 동식물 플랑크톤으로 구성되었다. 구멍연잎성게의 서식밀도는 1m^2당 0.4개체이며, 분포패턴은 임의분포(random distribution)에 기초하는 것으로 판단되었다(X^2=85.16, P>0.05). 구멍연잎성게의 이동거리는 여름철인 1998년 8월에 6.2∼64.8 cm hr^-1 (mean = 25.0±13.9)이었고, 5월에는 2.O~43.Ocm hr^-1(mean=17.7±10.7)로 8월에 다소 높게 나타났다. 여름기간 중 관찰된 비교적 빠른 이동속도는 먹이 섭이 활동과 관련된 것으로 추정되었다. Sand dollar, Astriclypeus manni (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) is widely distributed on subtidal sand flats all along the coast of Cheju Island. Limited information has been reported on their ecology despite their abundance. This study reports gut contents, density and locomotion of the sand dollars distributed on a subtidal sand flat on the north-east coast of Cheju Island. Microscopic examination of the gut contents indicated that A. manni feeds on inorganic and organic detritus as well as live organisms contained in the sediments. Inorganic particles included sand grains, sponge spicules and shells of benthic animals such as foraminifera, crustacean and molluscs. Mean diameter of sediment particles retained in the gut was 77.6±22.2㎛. Live organisms retained in the gut included foraminifera, harpacticoid copepods, nematodes, diatoms and unidentified egg. Spatial distribution pattern of the sand dollar was found to be random with a mean density of 0.4 individual m^-2(??^2=85.16, p>0.05). Locomotion speed of the sand dollar measured in situ was 2.0 to 65.0 ㎝ hr^-1. Locomotion speed and moving distance was somewhat higher in summer when food availability also higher.

월출산국립공원 수질특성에 관한 연구

최형일,김난희,강영주,채희정,김연풍,조도호,설동화 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2007 環境公害硏究 Vol.20 No.1

Because mountain streams have narrow widths and steep slopes compared to streams and lakes, hours of immobility are considerably short, and the quality of mountain streams has been greatly influenced by rainfall, land-use, components of the streambed and types of forests. During the summer when heavy rainfall occurs, eroded earth and sand flow into mountain streams and cause temporarily high turbidity. It is also the cause of eutrophication, which is frequently found in downstream. As evaluation standards for the quality of mountain streams were not established in Korea, this quality was evaluated by examining some items based on quality standards for drinkable water and research on the influences of pollution in mountain streams, which showed that these were seldom in downstream water systems. Mountain streams within Wolchulsan National Park flow into a reservoir and when characteristics of mountain streams from forests and rainfall that flow into mountain streams through forest ecosystems were studied, results of measuring its changes are as follows. Monthly changes of pH were low between April and August and higher starting October, and the EC was measured higher in the winter and the spring and tended to be low starting April. The EC on the 19th of May and the 23rd of October and the concentration of floating materials and COD_(Mn) were observed to be higher due to the influence of rainfall on the 19th of May and the 22nd of October, and it was judged that the washing out of dried deposits attached to the water pipe and the leaching of woods were influenced by rainfall. It is considered that real-time monitoring of water quality for a long time and water quality conditions during and after rainfall should be examined for ensuring basic data of water quality and evaluating characteristics and seasonableness of mountain streams, which may be greatly changed by artificial influence in the future.

폐암세포에 대한 附子 추출물의 독성 효과

권강범,김은경,문형철,송용선,류도곤 한국전통의학연구소 2006 한국전통의학지 Vol.15 No.1

The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect and its mechanism on Radix Aconiti(RA) extract in lung cancer cell lines. RA extract treatment decreased the cell viability in a dose-dependent fashions in lung cancer cells including A549, H460, H23 and H157 cells. Many investigators reported that A549 and H460 cells expressed wild-type p53, but H23 and H157 cells preserved mutated p53. After treatment with RA extract in A549 and H460 cells, we measured the expression of p53 protein levels using Western blot, analysis. In both cells treated with RA extracts, p53 protein expressions were increased in a dose-dependent manner. In our experiments, RA extracts also have cytotoxic effects in H23 and H157, which have mutated p53. Treatment with RA extract decreased bcl-2 protein expressions in both cells. These results suggest that RA extracts have cytotoxic effects via p53 expression increase and bcl-2 inhibitable pathways in A549, H460 cells and H23, H157 cells, respectively.

담양신설 IC의 교통소음도 조사연구

최형일,강영주,채희정,김연풍,조도호,설동화,정숙경 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2007 環境公害硏究 Vol.20 No.1

After the vehicle has become a large formation with high-speed, loud noise from an express highway is increasing, and the number of large-scale apartment complexes, which are recently being constructed in the metropolitan area nearby the express highway and IC, is increasing gradually. Compared with a main road, the traffic volume and the speed of a vehicle between IC and the ramp way [turn-off] are smaller. If the ramp way is rightly connected with the downtown area, however, the traffic-noise that comes about in surrounding areas will be in conjunction with the traffic-noise from the main road of express highway and that of the ramp way. This research has selected a place that hasn't had a road or a commercial quarter nearby the main-road of IC and ramp way. Then we have studied the traffic-noise status under minimizing influence of its outer-noise, which occurs in IC. 1. The traffic volume change of a small and full-sized car with time has been kept on regularity in 2004 and 2005. As the traffic volume of a full-sized car has diminished remarkably, it has been maintaining through 6:00a.m.-10:00 a.m. As it has decreased since lO:OO a.m.. we have also observed the traffic proportion going up. 2. Monthly traffic volume of small cars was higher in May, August and October than other months. We have observed that the high traffic volume during these months is due to the following: May-The Damyang festival, August-a high-demand season, October-viewing scarlet maple leaves. Monthly traffic volume of full-sized cars was generally higher in August, but it has decreased during 2006. This was due to the many construction trucks that were working on the extension of the 88 Olympic expressway. Therefore, there was more traffic volume in 2006 compared to 2004 and 2005. 3. In this study, the noise figures have been less than 55 dB(A) in 18 spots. There were 14 spots from 55dB(A) to 58dB(A). 58-61dB(A) : 20, 61-64dB(A) : 17, 64-67dB(A) : 18. There were 8 spots we observed at the highest level from 67dB(A) to 70dB(A). Those were the nearby spots separating the main road and Damyang IC. 4. Traffic-noise at the boundary between IC and the main road of an expressway was higher than that of the same distance in other places. 5. We have observed that traffic-noise is low in places with mountains that serve the role of soundproofing walls. Thus, the fundamental sound hadn't affected it.

양식 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)에서 발생한 랩도바이러스성 질병의 병리조직학적 특징

이남실,강형길,최희정,전세규,박남규,허민도 한국어병학회 2002 한국어병학회지 Vol.15 No.1

2000년 4월경부터 (수온7-13℃) 우리나라 동해안과 남해안 육상 수조에서 사육되던 넙치에서 체색흑화, 복수저류, 비장종대의 육안적 소견을 보이는 질병이 발생하여 대량폐사를 불러왔다. 병리조직학적 소견으로, 비장과 신장의 조혈조직에서 괴사병변이 주로 나타났다. 비장과 신장의 간질조직에서 괴사소가 관찰되었으며, 임파구, 괴사세포의 침윤이 나타났다. 비장 조직의 전자현미경적 관찰에서 변성혈구 내 세포질에서 탄환형의 바이러스 입자가 관찰되었는데 직경과 길이가 각각 약 50nm, 170nm였다. 이상의 결과로 본 질병은 rhabdovirus에 의한 질병으로 판단되었다. On April of 2000 and February of 2001, a disease characterized by darkening, ascites and enlargement of the spleen occurred in flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, farmed near northern and eastern coasts of Korea. Various degree of necrosis including liquefactive-type was observed mainly in hemopoietic tissue of spleen and kindney. Certain tissue such as branchial soft tissue including epithelium showed a similar necrotic findings. But some tissues such as intentine had several necrotic clusters of wandering cells, being possibly leukocytes. Necrotic evidences of blood cells were evident in various tissues including hemopoietic tissues. Necrobiotic bodies were frequently encountered in blood smear preparations. Bullet type-virious were detected in the spleenic cells. Each virion was about 500 nm in diameter and 170nm in length. From these results, this disease was thought to be a rhabdoviral disease.

양식 은어의 미포자충 감염예에 대한 병리조직학적 관찰

조병열,강형길,강효주,류갑민,이재영,박남규,허민도 한국어병학회 2003 한국어병학회지 Vol.16 No.1

1998년 9월 말경, 경남 지역의 양식 은어(Plecoglossus altivelis)에서 미포자충증이 발생하였다. 채집 당시, 하루 약 200마리씩의 폐사가 10일째 진행되고 있었으며 약 10%의 누적폐사율을 나타내었다. 병어는 입올림을 하거나 기면 상태에 있었으며, 대부분 체색흑화 및 복부팽만 소견을 보이고 있었다. 아가미, 아가미 뚜껑, 각종 내장, 복강벽 및 생식소에 직경 1~3㎜의 흰색 결절이 다수 형성되어 있었다. 감염 어종, 기생충의 형태 및 xenoma 분포 장기의 다양성에 근거하여 Glugea plecoglossi에 의한 감염증으로 추정되었다. 병리조직학적 검사를 실시한 결과, 광범위한 장기에 걸쳐 xenoma를 형성하고 있었으나 xenoma 인접조직에 변성 변화는 없었다. 아가미 새변, 비장, 두신 및 체신의 조혈영역에 심한 울혈 소견이 인정되었고, 간장, 심근 및 신세뇨관 국소에는 응고 내지 액화괴사 소견이 확인되었다. 따라서, xenoma의 인접조직에 대한 물리화학적인 영향보다는 xenoma형성 장기 및 조직에 야기된 국소 순환장애가 은어의 폐사와 직접적인 관련을 갖는 것으로 사료되었다. On September in 1998, a microsporidian infection was recognized in ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, farmed on Kyongnam province of South Korea. Cumulative mortality was around 10% in 10 days. Infected fish which were piping for air near the surface of the water or in the asphyxic, lethargic condition revealed darkening of body and abdominal distention. Numerous whitish nodules up to 3㎜ in size were observed throughout most of body organs and tissues including gill, operculum, peritoneal wall and organs. Xenomas were also histologically confirmed in multiple internal organs with the evidences suggesting circulatory disturbance. Based on the morphology of spore and xenoma, and the distribution of xenomas in organs and tissues, this disease was diagnosed to be a microsporidiosis caused by Glugea plecoglossi. The mortality might be deeply related to the local circulatory disturbance by xemonas rather than the mechano-chemical effect of xenomas on adjacent tissues.

고립성 직장결핵 3예

이동수,정강욱,황도연,이형화,김대현,김영성,곽동협 대한내과학회 2003 대한내과학회지 Vol.64 No.1

저자들은 장결핵 중 발생 부위상 드문 곳으로 알려진 직장에 발생한 고림성 결핵을 3예 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Isolated rectal tuberculosis commonly involves sigmoid, ascending, or transverse colon. Rectal involvement in tuberculosis is uncommon and poorly characterized. Isolated rectal tuberculosis was defined as focal lesions of rectum in the abscence of demonstrable lesions in the small and large bowel. Diagnosis of rectal tuberculosis was based on characteristic endoscopic appearance of lesions, histopathologic feature of tuberculosis in biopsy material and response to antitubercular therapy. Three patients with isolated rectal tuberculosis were seen at Kwak's hospital. The lesions observed was classified according to macroscopic morphology as follows: ulcerative, hypertrophic and ulcero-hypertrophic. Clinical manifestations were non-specific and consists of rectal bleeding, fever, weight loss, constipation and abdominal pain. One of the three patients had coexisting tuberculous pleurisy. Response to antitubercular chemotherapy was good. (Koeran J Med 64:96-100, 2003)

양자교환 방식에 의한 방향성 결합기의 제작 및 특성연구

소대화,채기병,강기성,윤형도 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1992 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.11 No.-

In this study, a directional coupler which is fabricated on X-cut LiNbO₃ substrate by using proton exchange method is described. It is found that the directional coupler waveguide varied widely with controlling diffusion process. On the other hand, the on-off state of modulator is performed by annealing process and self-aligned electrodes are used in fabricating the direction coupler. As a results, the direction coupler has good characteristics : the measured on-off switching voltage of about 2.7-3V.