DO와 ORP를 이용한 축산폐수처리 SBR운전 제어

전병희 ( Byong Hee Jun ),김도환 ( Do Hwan Kim ),최은희 ( Eun Hee Choi ),김성신 ( Sung Shin Kim ),김창원 ( Chang Won Kim ),배현 ( Hyeon Bae ) 한국물환경학회 2002 한국물환경학회지 Vol.18 No.5

A pilot scale SBR (working volume, 20㎥) treating piggery wastewater was operated with real wastewater. The operation mode of intermittent feeding of raw water and sub-cycle with repeating anoxic-aeration conditions were adapted to avoid the high-strength nitrogen inhibition. In sub-cycle, aeration time for nitrification was tried to be controled with ORP and/or DO meter. The characteristics of control was somewhat different between ORP and DO. DO showed potential ability to detect complete ammonia oxidation point by the first order differential values or absolute value. Especially, DO was proved to be useful for high loading rates. ORP indicated the ending point of nitrification by the plateau appearing after bending point. Because ORP can be utilized as a diagnosis tool by its good sensitivity for the microbial condition in reactor, the simultaneous application of DO and ORP was recommended for the stable control of SBR.

임신중 흔한 위장관 질환 증후군

배도환 한국의학사 1996 診斷과治療 Vol.16 No.2

자궁경부염, 선암 및 선편평세포암에서의 Secretory Component의 출현도

이남규,배도환 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1984 中央醫大誌 Vol.9 No.3

To observe correlation between morphological differentiation and secretory component in the carcinoma cells, immunohistochemical study was carried out with 10 cases of chronic cervicitis, 27 cases of adenocarcinoma and 10 cases of adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The results were as follows: 1. The columnar cells of uterine endocervix showed mild to moderate reaction of secretory component especially at the squamocolummar juntion and mild reactions in the stromal glandular epithelium. Mucin was negative. 2. The adenocarcinoma showed mild to moderate reaction of secretory component in the cell surface and cytoplasm of tubular type by 4 cases and 15 cases out of 19 cases. Intensity stain reaction in the adenocarcinoma increased more than chronic cervicitis. Tumor cells of papillary type and poorly differentiated cells were negative or weakly reactive. Mucin was negative. 3. In the adenosquamous cell carcinoma were seen similar reaction in respect to the pure type of adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell component was negative. 4. Therefore, secretory component was moderate to markedly stained in the well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma cells more than in papillary of poorly differentiated cells. Close correlation between amount of secretory component and morphological differentiation of carcinoma cells was suggested.

임신중 Calcium 대사에 관한 연구

이미영,배도환 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1985 中央醫大誌 Vol.10 No.4

One of the major tasks of fetal growth and development during pregnancy is the accretion of bone and the formation of the fetal skeleton. Bone accretion in any growing skeleton requires sufficient levels of extracellular calcium and phosphorus. But, calcium metabolism in human pregnancy is a complex process. In recent years, calcium supplementation during pregnancy has been widely practiced. The aim of this investigation was to characterize maternal and fetal adjustments in calcium metabolism by measuring blood levels of total calcium, ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus, albumin and calcium regulating hormones; parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D_3 in the pregnant women and fetal umbilical cords. These group were without calcium supplementation during pregnancy. The results were as follows; 1. The apparent decrease in maternal serum total calcium and ionized calcium levels were observed throughout the gestational period and their levels increased in the postpartum. Inorganic phosphorus in maternal serum was slightly decreased in the first trimester and than markedly decreased at term. In the postpartum, the level of inorganic phosphorus was elevated. 2. The increase in maternal plasma parathyroid hormone and calcitonin was observed during pregnancy, and their elevated levels decreased in the postpartum. In contrast to the parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, maternal plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D_3 declined throughout gestation, and then increased in the postpartum. 3. Total serum calcium, ionized calcium, albumin and inorganic phosphorus were all significantly higher in the sera of the newborn infants(venous cord blood) than those of mothers at delivery. 4. Plasma parathyroid hormone levels in the new born infants(venous cord blood) were lower than those of mothers at delivery. In contrast parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and 25-hydroxy­vitamin D_3levels in the new­born infants were markedly higher than those of mothers at delivery. 5. Calcium times inorganic phosphorus values declined throughout the pregnancy.

한국 임산부의 표준 자궁저고치 및 자궁내 태아발육지연과의 상관관계

김준현,배도환 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1992 中央醫大誌 Vol.17 No.1

In the prenatal care of pregnant women, it is essential to have a precise assessment of gestational age of the fetus. The height of the uterine fundus reflects the fetal growth and correlates well with fetal crown-rump length. Serial measurements of uterine fundal height throughout gestation are simple, safe, inexpensive, and reasonably accurate screening method that may be used to detect IUGR(Intrauterine Growth Retardation). The purpose of this study is to describe the standard values of uterine fundal height in relation to gestational age, and then to evaluate the accuracy of these standard values in detecting fetal growth retardation. Uterine fundal height was measured with a nonelastic centimeter tape, from the symphysis pubis to the fundus uteri. Measurements of fundal height were made from 20 weeks of gestation until delivery in 430 normal pregnant women and 256 pregnant women. In a group of 430 healthy pregnant women, the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile were calculated by gestational age. The chart was used to predicted LBW(Low-Birth-Weight) in a group of 256 pregnant women whose uterine height was measured after standard values had been fixed. Of 32 neonates with LBW for gestational age, 25 had a uterine height below the 10th percentile(sensitivity 78%). Of 224 neonates with ABW(Adequate-Birth-Weight), 195 had a uterine height above the 10th percentile(specificity 87%). Careful measurement of uterine height using standed values seems to be an accurate method for detecting IUGR(Intrauterine Growth Retardation). It is suggested that symphysial-fundal height measurements shoud be made routinely on all antenatal patients and that each obstetric unit should derive its own standard curves.

재조합 균주 Bacillus subtilis LKS88에 의한 Streptomyces albus KSM-35 Amylase의 생산조건

최원진,유도진,이재우,소명환,김영배 한국식품영양학회 1998 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.11 No.4

Streptomyces albus KSM-35의 amylase의 유전자를 Bacillus subtilis LKS88에서 발현시킨 균주를 사용하여 amylase의 생산에 미치는 몇가지 요인들을 조사하였다. 본 실험에 사용한 탄소원들중에서 sodium citrate와 왕겨의 효소 생산량이 가장 높았고, 이들을 1:1의 비율로 혼합하여 첨가하였을 때 효소의 생산량은 대조군으로 사용한 가용성 전분에 비하여 20배 이상 증가하였다. 질소원으로 대두박을 사용하였을 경우 yeast extract의 첨가량을 줄이면서 효소의 생산량을 증가시켰다. 배양을 위한 초기 pH를 60으로 조절하고 SDS를 0.01%첨가하였을 때 대조구조보다 높은 효소 생산량을 나타내었다. Bacillus subtilis LKS88 (pASA240)을 sodium citrate와 왕겨 각각 1.5%, K_2HPO_4 0.66%, yeast extract 0.3%, 대두박 0.7%, SDS 0.01% 및 초기 pH를 6.0으로 조절한 배지에서 37℃에서 배양시 최대 효소 활성은 배양 후 36시간에서 나타났으며 이때 효소 활성은 56.6 U/ml이었다. The effects of culture conditions on the production of amylase expressed by Bacillus subtilis LKS88 with a cloned gene from Streptomyces albus KSM-35 were investigated The production of amylase was increased significantly by using sodium citrate and rice hull as a carbon source. In addition, the use of a mixture of sodium citrate and rice hull(1:1) resulted in increase of enzyme production by 20-fold when compared to that of soluble starch. The soybean meal as the nitrogen source could be partially replaced with yeast extract without changing the enzyme production yield. The amylase production was also increased by adjusting initial pH to 6.0 or by adding 0.01% SDS. Maximum amylase production was observed in the medium containing 1.5% sodium citrate, 1.5% rice hull, 0.7% soybean meal, 0.3% yeast extract, 0.66% K_2HPO_4, 0.05% MgSO_4·7H_2O, 0.08% CaCl_2·2H_2O, 0.01% SDS with initial pH of 6.0. The maximum yield of amylase reached 56.6 U/ml when B. subtilis LKS88(pASA 240) was cultured at 37℃ for 36 hr.

한국인 임신부에 있어서 영양소의 역가측정

최기영,김웅철,박기현,배도환 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1982 中央醫大誌 Vol.7 No.2

Animal and human studies indicated that inadequate diet for a prolonged period during pregnancy could injure mother, child, or both. In order to prevent this problem, maternal nutyitional status during pregnancy is very important and the evaluation of nutrition during pregnancy have been preceded by many authors in another countries. In Korea, nutrient intake studies of the pregnant women and nutrition surveys in adult by biochemical method have been performed, but there are no data nutrition surveys of Korean pregnant women have been made by biochemical method. In this regard, an exact biochemical titer of the nutrients and the degree of nutrient deficits in Korean pregnant women are needed. In this study, the mean titer of some nutrients and the degree of nutrient deficits by biochemical method in Korean pregnant women were assessed. The objected materials were consisted of 30 cases which had visited the departmant of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chung Ang University Hospital for antenatal care(32wk-40wk) from March, 1981 to June, 1981. The cases with twin pregnancy, and the cases complicated with materal chronic wasting disease, diabetes, hydroamniosis, hypertensive disorder in pregnancy were excluded in this study. The results were as follows: 1. Mean titer of 6 hours urine execretion of thiamine, riboflavin and N'-methylniacinamide in Korean pregnant women was 44㎍, 466㎍, and 2.33㎎. 2. Mean titer of serum vitamin A, carotene, vitamin C, total protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron and total lipid was 48.1㎍, 154.7㎍, 0.8㎎, 7.0g, 9.8㎎ 3.5㎎, 93㎍, and 578㎎. 3. Percentage of nutrient deficits in Korean pregnant women based on the mean titer of Korean adults was as follow; thiamine-20%, N'-methylniacinamide-7%, total protein-5%, calcuim13%, iron-19%. 4. No cases were deficient in riboflavin, carotene, phosphorus, total lipid and the mean titer of riboflavin and carotene in Korean pregnant women were high compared with thw mean titer of Korean adults.

Prevention and Management of IUGR

Bae, Do-Hwan 中央醫學社 1997 中央醫學 Vol.62 No.6

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is the second leading contributor to the prenatal mortality. The prenatal mortality rate for these infants is 6 to 10 times greater than that for normal babies. Prevention and management of IUGR is an important subject. IUGR occurs due to poor maternal condition in which the fetus inappropriately grows comparing to the normal gestational age, there is creating a risky environment. Also intrapartum asphyxia in IUGR and fetal demise, meconium aspiration and hypothermia are increased, as is the prevalence of abnormal neurological development. A portion of these prenatal complications are preventable. It is estimated that 4.5%(5.5%-11.1%) of infant are growth restricted. Occasionally causes of IUGR cases are unknown, but 46.9% of IUGR cases have a known cause. Among the 46.9%, the maternal factor accounts for 78.2%, the placental factor 19.8% and the fetal anomaly 4%. Among the maternal factor, pregnancy induced hypertension was the most common factor (64.5 %)(Kang et al). The long term prognosis is clearly related to the nature and severity of the underlying problem. However, IUGR is caused due to placental failure in an otherwise normal fetus. Poor fetal growth is a result of early viral insults or genetic developmental abnormalities. If fetal growth restriction is timely diagnosed and appropriately obstetric and neonatal managed, the neonatal mortality can be reduced. For the management of IUGR, intensive effort should be made to determine the risk condition. In the presence of anomalies, rapid kayos typing may be performed. Also there is a tendency of fetal growth restriction and low birth weight infant of successive birth. The risk of recurrent fetal growth restriction is increased in women who have previously had this complication(19 %, Choi et al). For the screening and identification of IUGR, many tests such as non-stress test and contraction stress test, biophysical profile, ultrasonic measurements, fetal blood flow Doppler velocimetry and laboratory tests are used. The use of fetal umbilical Doppler flow velocimetry and fetal biophysical profile in the management of fetal growth restriction reduces prenatal mortality(Sun et al). With IUGR near term, a prompt delivery is likely to afford. In the presence of oligohydramnios, the fetus will be delivered at 34 wks or beyond. When IUGR is diagnosed prior to 34 wks, observation is recommended. Ultrasonography is repeated at intervals of 2 to 3 wks. With IUGR remote from term, there is no specific treatment that will ameliorate the condition. It has also been proposed that early antiplatelets therapy with low dose of aspirin may prevent idiopathic IUGR. Recently reported improvement of fetal growth with the maternal administration of high concentration of oxygen. Takeda et al, also reported a in utero treatment of IUGR by applying new diagnostic and therapeutic devices. Cesarean delivery is also increased in fetal growth restriction because breech presentation and fetal compromise occurs more commonly. The subsequent neurological and intellectual capabilities of IUGR cannot be predicted precisely. Finally, IUGR can be reduced and prevented with appropriate antenatal surveillance strategies and management which may include early delivery.

성폭력에 대한 성경적 관점 - Michael R. Cosby, 『Sex in the Bible』 중심으로

배도환 ( Bae Do-hwan ) 숭실대학교 인문과학연구소 2010 인문학연구 Vol.40 No.-

최근 성폭력 사건의 양상은 더욱 다양하고 과감해졌다. 특히 아동에 대한 성폭력은 잔인성과 심각한 피해 후유증으로 인해 사회에 주는 충격이 더욱 크다. 성폭력의 증가는 포르노그래피의 증가와 관련있다. 오늘날 주위의 모든 환경은 포르노로 포위되어 있다해도 과언이 아니다. 이 글에서 관심 갖고 중요하게 여기는 것은 포르노의 폭력성이다. 포르노그래피는 성에 대한 왜곡된 생각을 심고 여성에 대한 억압을 강요한다. 첫 번째로, 포르노그래피가 왜곡시키는 것이 무엇인지를 먼저 밝힐 것이다. 그리고 기독교적 대안으로 성경의 아가서를 제시하고, 아가서의 관점에서 ‘성’을 바라보고자 한다. 포르노그래피에서 몸과 성은 그저 탐닉과 탐욕의 대상이다. 도구이며, 정복의 대상이다. 그러나 아가서는 몸과 성을 아름답게 그리고 있다. 성은 하나님이 창조하신 것이다. 아가서는 성을 아름다운 것으로 노래하고 있다. 포르노에서 여성은 성적 종속물이다. 그녀의 인격은 박탈되고 그녀의 몸과 의지는 남성 포르노 제작자들과 고객 남성들의 취향과 욕망이 통제하는 대로 따라야 한다. 아가서의 성은 서로가 서로를 대등하게 소유하고, 존중한다. 어느 한쪽이 일방적으로 쾌락을 즐기지 않는다. 한쪽이 요구를 하면, 상대방은 거기에 반응을 한다. 그리고 둘의 사랑은 아름다운 노래로 이어진다. 아가서는 포르노그래피의 왜곡과 억압을 정확하게 지적하고 있고, 우리에게 몸과 성이 어떻게 아름다운지를 올바르게 인도하고 있다. 나아가 우리는 아가서의 남녀간의 진정한 사랑을 통해 인간을 향하신 하나님의 사랑을 깨닫는 데까지 이르러야 한다. Todays society has brought with it many changes in sexual violence conditions. As for the sexual violence for the child in particular, a shock to give the society by a brutality and serious damage aftereffects is bigger. The increase of the sexual violence have relevance to the increase of the pornography. It is within bounds to say that we were surrounded by pornography. The interest of this article is the violence characteristics of the pornography. Pornography plants a thought distorted view for the sex and forces suppression for the woman. I will make clear that it is anything that pornography lets you distort it earlier. And I show the Song of Songs by a Christian alternative plan and going to watch the sex at a point of view of the Song of Songs. The body and sex are an object of the indulgence and greedy and conquest in pornography. But the Song of Songs draw the body and sex beautifully. God creative the sex. A woman is sexual slaveling in pornography. Her character is deprived of and her body and will are controlled by the idea of the man customer. But in the Song of Songs, man and woman own each other equally. A certain one does not enjoy pleasure one-sidedly. The Song of Songs, says well whether our body and sex is no matter how beautiful. In addition, we must realize love of God through true love of the Song of Songs.

S-4-4 : 상수관망 운영을 위한 스마트미터링 및 수질센서링 시스템

김도환 ( Do Hwan Kim ),최두용 ( Doo Yong Choi ),이두진 ( Doo Jin Lee ),김주환 ( Ju Hwan Kim ),배철호 ( Chul Ho Bae ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2013 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2013 No.-