Reverse Long-distance Dependency and Functional Uncertainty - The Interpretation of Mandarin Questions

( Chu Ren Huang ) 한국언어정보학회 1992 국제 워크샵 Vol.1992 No.-

Mandarin Chinese WH-questions exhibit two syntactically interesting charac-teristics. First, WH-words that bear interrogative information always occur in situ. Second, in spite the above fact, I find that Mandarin WH-questions, with bounded WH-words, share the grammatical behaviors common to questions with unbounded and dislocated WH-words in other languages. Hence, intuitively, an account of Mandarin WH-questions should involve mechanisms for unbounded dependencies but, crucially, involve no unbounded syntactic manipulation. Accordingly, I propose an interpretative mechanism for Mandarin WH-questions based on the mechanism of Functional Uncertainty in LFG (Kaplan and Zaenen 1989, and Dalrymple 1990).

The Identification and Classification of Unknown Words in Chinese An N-Grams-Based Approach

( Mei Chu Wang ),( Chu Ren Huang ),( Keh Jiann Chen ) 한국언어정보학회 1994 국제 워크샵 Vol.1994 No.-

Linguistic synesthesia in Korean: A compound word-based study of cross-modal directionality

조참훈,Chu-Ren Huang,김선아 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2022 언어연구 Vol.39 No.2

In linguistics, synesthesia refers to lexical expressions for perceptual experience of one sense associated with another, such as ‘warm color’, which is often treated as metaphor. Previous studies of synesthetic metaphor are mostly based on Indo-European languages. This paper investigates linguistic synesthesia in Korean, focusing on compound words that have not been explored in the field. Synesthetic compounds were collected from Korean WordNet and a comprehensive Korean dictionary. The results show that synesthesia in Korean compounds supports the directionality of sensory transfer in the synesthetic hierarchy established for Indo-European languages. Simultaneously, Korean compound synesthesia exhibits particularities. Vision is maximized as a source, and neither olfaction nor audition serves as a source. The findings of the study are comparable to those of previous studies, providing further support for modality exclusivity-based results. In addition, this study shows differences between phrase-level and lexical-level tendencies of linguistic synesthesia in the same register in Korean.

Sweetness or Mouthfeel: A corpus-based study of the conceptualization of taste

( Yin Zhong ),( Chu-ren Huang ) 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2020 언어연구 Vol.37 No.3

The sensory lexicon plays a pivotal role in bridging our cognitive system to the physical world. In this role, it has been the focus of recent interdisciplinary investigations on cognition, language, culture, and their interactions. Recent studies on linguistic synesthesia and sensory modality exclusivity showed unequivocally that cross-modality usages of sensory words are the norm rather than the exception. Given the dominance of cross-modality uses, the null hypothesis that the five senses are separate but equal modules merits a closer examination. In this paper, we focus on the gustatory quality of sweetness because of its universal appeal as well as the well-attested cultural influence on the gustatory lexicon. Based on an analysis of online food reviews containing descriptions of desserts, we show that mouthfeel, a multisensory concept, is strongly preferred over sweetness. Mouthfeel is associated with words from all the sensory domains, including both sensory and abstract (e.g., mental state) concepts. The highly non-exclusive characteristic of gustatory sensation suggests that it might be the most connected sensory modality, and the cross-modality expressions indicating personal preferences further imply the subjective propensity of the gustatory sense. Our study adds to the existing literature the interrelationship among sensory modalities through language use, and further sheds light on the interactions between language, cognition, and culture. (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University)

Classifiers and Semantic Type Coercion: Motivating a New Classification of Classifiers

( Kathleen Ahrens ),( Chu Ren Huang ) 한국언어정보학회 1996 국제 워크샵 Vol.1996 No.-

This paper argues that the traditional view that nouns refer only to classic individuals is inadequate. Instead. we argue that nouns are coerced by different types of classifiers to refer to kinds and cvents as well as to individnals. This finding is important because 1) the semantics of nouns involves more than just lndividuals, and 2) it is the first time that the previously abstract semantic distinction between kinds. individuals and events is found to be instantiated in a particular system of a natural language grammar, namely, the classifier system.

Construction as a Theoretical Entity: An Argument Based on MandarinExistential Sentences

( Chao Ran Chen ),( Chu Ren Huang ),( Kathleen Ahrens ) 한국언어정보학회 1995 국제 워크샵 Vol.1995 No.-

The role that constructions play in a linguistic theory has changed throughout the evolution of generative theories. Construction specific rules are common when transformations are envisioned as tree to tree operations in classical TG. On the other extreme, constructions, as well as all structural properties, are regarded as derived linguistic properties predictable from various principles in recent GB theories. Since whether a construction is an autonomous linguistic entity or not has great implications for either a formal or a computational linguistic theory, we will examine the status of Mandarin existential construction based on the theory of Construction Grammar [1,2]. We will show that the Mandarin existential construction represents all unique structure-meaning pair that cannot be captured in a grammar unless the pairing is regarded as a theoretical entity in linguistics ([3]). Since constructions are shown to exist in Mandarin Chinese, we support the theoretical claims of Construction Grammar as well as the position that constructions must be taken into account in NLP.

SINICA CORPUS; Design Methodology for Balanced Corpora

( Keh Jiann Chen ),( Chu Ren Huang ),( Li Ping Chang ),( Hui Li Hsu ) 한국언어정보학회 1996 국제 워크샵 Vol.1996 No.-

The Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus (Sinica Corpus) is the first balanced Chinese corpus with part-of-speech tagging. The corpus (Sinica 2.0) is open to the research community through the WWW (http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/ kiwi.sh). Current size of the corpus is 3.5 million words, and the immediate expansion target is five million words. Each text In the corpus is classified and marked according to five criteria: genre, style, mode, topic, and source. The feature values of these classifications are assigned in a hierarchy. Subcorpora can be defined with a specific set of attributes to serve different research purposes. Texts in the corpus are segmented according to the word segmentation standard proposed by the ROC Computational Linguistic Society. Each segmented word is tagged with its part-of-speech. Linguistic patterns and language structures can be extracted from the tagged corpus via a corpus inspection program which has the functions of KWIC searching, filtering, statistics, printing, and collocation.

The Polysemy of Da3: An ontology-based Lexical semantic study

( Jia Fei Hong ),( Chu Ren Huang ),( Kathleen Ahrens ) 한국언어정보학회 2007 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

In this study, we explore the polysemy of da3 through the ontological conceptual structure found in SUMO. First, we divide several different senses for da3, clustering physical event senses and metaphorical event senses. In here, we only focus on physical event senses of da3. From the physical event senses of da3, we divide them into two main categories: 1) hit and 2) pump. We then use SUMO ontological concepts to identify these physical senses. Finally, we can observe the common patterns of the "hit" sense group and the "pump" sense group for da3.

Automatic Recognition of Emotion based on a Cognitively Motivated Emotion Annotation System

( Ying Chen ),( Sophia Yat Mei Lee ),( Chu Ren Huang ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2011 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.12 No.3

Emotion recognition is very important for the extraction of expressive information. In this paper, we provide a robust and versatile emotion annotation scheme that can not only annotate explicit and implicit expressions of emotion, but also can encode different levels of information for a given emotion content. In addition, taking cognitive psychologists` theories into account, large and comparatively high-quality emotion corpora are automatically created to allow for emotion recognition in Chinese and English. Our annotation scheme can easily be adapted for different kinds of applications dealing with emotion, and, being generic, can also be applied to other languages, We also discuss the two kinds of emotion representations used in our corpus, namely, holistic and componential representations, We find that the two representations have their own qualities and shortcomings and that choosing between them ultimately depends mainly on the application type.

The Structure of Polysemy: A study of multi-sense words based on WordNet

( Jen Yi Lin ),( Chang Hua Yang ),( Shu Chuan Tseng ),( Chu Ren Huang ) 한국언어정보학회 2002 국제 워크샵 Vol.2002 No.-

The issues in polysemy with respect to the verbs in WordNet will be discussed in this paper. The hypernymy/hyponymy structure of the multiple senses is observed when we try to build a bilingual network for Chinese and English. There are several types of polysemic patterns and a co-hypernym may have the same word form as its subordinates. Fellbaum (2000) dubbed autotroponymy that the verbs linked by manner relation share the same verb form. However, her syntactic criteria seem not compatible to the hierarchies in WN. Either the criteria or the network should be reconducted. For most verbs in WN 1.7, polysemous relations are unlikely to extend over 3 levels of IS-A relation. Highly polysemous verbs are more complicated and may be involved in certain semantic structures. Semi-automatic sense grouping may be helpful for multimlinguital information retrieveal.