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Ma, Junpeng,Fan, Jingbiao,Chen, Shang,Yang, Xinyue,Hui, Kwun Nam,Zhang, Hongwen,Bielawski, Christopher W.,Geng, Jianxin American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.14
<P>Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have received significant attention due to the high theoretical specific capacity of sulfur (1675 mA h g<SUP>-1</SUP>). However, the practical applications are often handicapped by sluggish electrochemical kinetics and the “shuttle effect” of electrochemical intermediate polysulfides. Herein, we propose an in-situ copolymerization strategy for covalently confining a sulfur-containing copolymer onto reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to overcome the aforementioned challenges. The copolymerization was performed by heating elemental sulfur and isopropenylphenyl-functionalized RGO to afford a sulfur-containing copolymer, that is, RGO-<I>g</I>-poly(S-<I>r</I>-IDBI), which is featured by a high sulfur content and uniform distribution of the poly(S-<I>r</I>-IDBI) on RGO sheets. The covalent confinement of poly(S-<I>r</I>-IDBI) onto RGO sheets not only enhances the Li<SUP>+</SUP> diffusion coefficients by nearly 1 order of magnitude, but also improves the mechanical properties of the cathodes and suppresses the shuttle effect of polysulfides. As a result, the RGO-<I>g</I>-poly(S-<I>r</I>-IDBI) cathode exhibits an enhanced sulfur utilization rate (10% higher than that of an elemental sulfur cathode at 0.1C), an improved rate capacity (688 mA h g<SUP>-1</SUP> for the RGO-<I>g</I>-poly(S-<I>r</I>-IDBI) cathode vs 400 mA h g<SUP>-1</SUP> for an elemental sulfur cathode at 1C), and a high cycling stability (a capacity decay of 0.021% per cycle, less than one-tenth of that measured for an elemental sulfur cathode).</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Accelerated Cardiac Diffusion Tensor Imaging Using Joint Low-Rank and Sparsity Constraints
Ma, Sen,Nguyen, Christopher T.,Christodoulou, Anthony G.,Luthringer, Daniel,Kobashigawa, Jon,Lee, Sang-Eun,Chang, Hyuk-Jae,Li, Debiao IEEE 2018 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering Vol.65 No.10
<P>Objective: The purpose of this paper is to accelerate cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (CDTI) by integrating low-rankness and compressed sensing. Methods: Diffusion-weighted images exhibit both transform sparsity and low-rankness. These properties can jointly be exploited to accelerate CDTI, especially when a phase map is applied to correct for the phase inconsistency across diffusion directions, thereby enhancing low-rankness. The proposed method is evaluated both ex vivo and in vivo, and is compared to methods using either a low-rank or sparsity constraint alone. Results: Compared to using a low-rank or sparsity constraint alone, the proposed method preserves more accurate helix angle features, the transmural continuum across the myocardium wall, and mean diffusivity at higher acceleration, while yielding significantly lower bias and higher intraclass correlation coefficient. Conclusion: Low-rankness and compressed sensing together facilitate acceleration for both ex vivo and in vivo CDTI, improving reconstruction accuracy compared to employing either constraint alone. Significance: Compared to previous methods for accelerating CDTI, the proposed method has the potential to reach higher acceleration while preserving myofiber architecture features, which may allow more spatial coverage, higher spatial resolution, and shorter temporal footprint in the future.</P>
antiSMASH 4.0—improvements in chemistry prediction and gene cluster boundary identification
Blin, Kai,Wolf, Thomas,Chevrette, Marc G.,Lu, Xiaowen,Schwalen, Christopher J.,Kautsar, Satria A.,Suarez ,Duran, Hernando G.,de ,los ,Santos, Emmanuel ,L. ,C.,Kim, Hyun Uk,Nave, Ma Oxford University Press 2017 Nucleic acids research Vol.45 No.w1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Many antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, crop protection agents and food preservatives originate from molecules produced by bacteria, fungi or plants. In recent years, genome mining methodologies have been widely adopted to identify and characterize the biosynthetic gene clusters encoding the production of such compounds. Since 2011, the ‘antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell—antiSMASH’ has assisted researchers in efficiently performing this, both as a web server and a standalone tool. Here, we present the thoroughly updated antiSMASH version 4, which adds several novel features, including prediction of gene cluster boundaries using the ClusterFinder method or the newly integrated CASSIS algorithm, improved substrate specificity prediction for non-ribosomal peptide synthetase adenylation domains based on the new SANDPUMA algorithm, improved predictions for terpene and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides cluster products, reporting of sequence similarity to proteins encoded in experimentally characterized gene clusters on a per-protein basis and a domain-level alignment tool for comparative analysis of <I>trans</I>-AT polyketide synthase assembly line architectures. Additionally, several usability features have been updated and improved. Together, these improvements make antiSMASH up-to-date with the latest developments in natural product research and will further facilitate computational genome mining for the discovery of novel bioactive molecules.</P>
Impact of numerical choices on water conservation in the E3SM Atmosphere Model version 1 (EAMv1)
Zhang, Kai,Rasch, Philip J.,Taylor, Mark A.,Wan, Hui,Leung, Ruby,Ma, Po-Lun,Golaz, Jean-Christophe,Wolfe, Jon,Lin, Wuyin,Singh, Balwinder,Burrows, Susannah,Yoon, Jin-Ho,Wang, Hailong,Qian, Yun,Tang, Q Copernicus GmbH 2018 Geoscientific model development Vol.11 No.5
<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The conservation of total water is an important numerical feature for global Earth system models. Even small conservation problems in the water budget can lead to systematic errors in century-long simulations. This study quantifies and reduces various sources of water conservation error in the atmosphere component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model.</p> <p>Several sources of water conservation error have been identified during the development of the version 1 (V1) model. The largest errors result from the numerical coupling between the resolved dynamics and the parameterized sub-grid physics. A hybrid coupling using different methods for fluid dynamics and tracer transport provides a reduction of water conservation error by a factor of 50 at 1<span class='inline-formula'><sup>∘</sup></span> horizontal resolution as well as consistent improvements at other resolutions. The second largest error source is the use of an overly simplified relationship between the surface moisture flux and latent heat flux at the interface between the host model and the turbulence parameterization. This error can be prevented by applying the same (correct) relationship throughout the entire model. Two additional types of conservation error that result from correcting the surface moisture flux and clipping negative water concentrations can be avoided by using mass-conserving fixers. With all four error sources addressed, the water conservation error in the V1 model becomes negligible and insensitive to the horizontal resolution. The associated changes in the long-term statistics of the main atmospheric features are small.</p> <p>A sensitivity analysis is carried out to show that the magnitudes of the conservation errors in early V1 versions decrease strongly with temporal resolution but increase with horizontal resolution. The increased vertical resolution in V1 results in a very thin model layer at the Earth's surface, which amplifies the conservation error associated with the surface moisture flux correction. We note that for some of the identified error sources, the proposed fixers are remedies rather than solutions to the problems at their roots. Future improvements in time integration would be beneficial for V1.</p> </P>
Genetic Diversity for Rice Blast Management
(You Yong Zhu),(Hai Ru Chen),(Yun Yue Wang),(Zuos Hea Li),(Yan Li),(Jing Hua Fan),(Jian Bing Chen),(Jin Xiang Fan),(Shi Sheng Yang),(Guang Liang Ma),(Ling Ping Hu),(Jin Yu Zou),(Christopher C . Mundt) 한국균학회 2001 Proceedings of the Fifth Korea-China Joint Symposi Vol.- No.-
Ko, Jongwan,Im, Myungshin,Lee, Hyung Mok,Lee, Myung Gyoon,Kim, Seong Jin,Shim, Hyunjin,Jeon, Yiseul,Hwang, Ho Seong,Willmer, Christopher N. A.,Malkan, Matthew A.,Papovich, Casey,Weiner, Benjamin J.,Ma IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.745 No.2
<P>We present the mid-infrared (MIR) properties of galaxies within a supercluster in the north ecliptic pole region at z similar to 0.087 observed with the AKARI satellite. We use data from the AKARI NEP-Wide (5.4 deg(2)) IR survey and the CLusters of galaxies EVoLution studies (CLEVL) mission program. We show that near-IR (3 mu m)-mid-IR (11 mu m) color can be used as an indicator of the specific star formation rate and the presence of intermediate-age stellar populations. From the MIR observations, we find that red-sequence galaxies consist not only of passively evolving red early-type galaxies, but also of (1) 'weak-SFGs' (disk-dominated star-forming galaxies that have star formation rates lower by similar to 4 x than blue-cloud galaxies) and (2) 'intermediate-MXGs' (bulge-dominated galaxies showing stronger MIR dust emission than normal red early-type galaxies). These two populations can be a set of transition galaxies from blue, star-forming, late-type galaxies evolving into red, quiescent, early-type ones. We find that the weak-SFGs are predominant at intermediate masses (10(10) M-circle dot < M-* < 10(10.5) M-circle dot) and are typically found in local densities similar to the outskirts of galaxy clusters. As much as 40% of the supercluster member galaxies in this mass range can be classified as weak-SFGs, but their proportion decreases to <10% at larger masses (M-* > 10(10.5) M-circle dot) at any galaxy density. The fraction of the intermediate-MXG among red-sequence galaxies at 10(10) M-circle dot < M-* < 10(11) M-circle dot also decreases as the density and mass increase. In particular, similar to 42% of the red-sequence galaxies with early-type morphologies are classified as intermediate-MXGs at intermediate densities. These results suggest that the star formation activity is strongly dependent on the stellar mass, but that the morphological transformation is mainly controlled by the environment.</P>