한국 정신장애의 역학 조사 연구[I] : 각 정신장애의 유병률

조맹제,함봉진,김장규,박강규,정은기,서동우,김선욱,조성진,이준영,홍진표,최용성,박종익,이동우,이기철,배재남,신정호,정인원,박종한,배안,이충경 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives : This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Methods : Subjects were selected by taking multi-stage, cluster samples of 7,867 adult household residents, 18 to 64 years of age, in ten catchment areas. Total 78 trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents, from June 1 to November30,2001. Results : Total 6,275 respondents completed the interview. Some 33.5% of respondents reported at least one lifetime disorder, 20.6% reported at least one-year disorder, and 16.7% reported at least one-month disorder. The most common lifetime disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (17.24%), nicotine dependence/withdrawal (11.19%), specific phobia (5.16%), and major de-pressive disorder (4.25%). The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse/dependence (0.25%) and schizophrenia (0.16%) was very low. Nicotine and alcohol use disorder showed very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among female than male. Conclusion : The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in distributions of psychiatric disorders across the areas and times were observed.

지역사회내 직업재활 참여중인 만성정신질환자의 욕구 조사

이종국,황태연,한은선,김명식,이충순 용인정신의학연구소 1998 용인정신의학보 Vol.5 No.1

인체 B 림프구 활성화의 신호전달과정에서 IL-4 수용체와 CD40 분자간의 상호작용

이충은,윤석란,변광호 大韓免疫學會 1995 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.17 No.3

Stimulation of B cells through CD40 antigen has been reported to agument the interleukin-4(IL-4)induced B cell proliferation and differentiation. In order to elucidate mechanisms underlying the synergistic action, we examined the effect of CD40-mediated signal on the IL-4-induced B cell activation. Treatment of dense, resting tonsillar B cells with agonistic anti-CD40 mAb caused a noticeable induction of IL-4 receptor(IL-4R) mRNA expression within hours, which was followed by a significant enhancement of the IL-4-induced surface IL-4R and CD23 expression, suggesting a role of CD40 in amplifying the IL-4-induced signal. Signal interplay between the IL-4 and the CD40 system was further supported by the observation that, in tonsillar B cells, IL-4 plus anti-IgM induced CD40 expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of IL-4R, and that anti-CD40 co-immunoprecipitated the IL-4R and the IL-4R associated tyrosine kinase activity, which implies a possible molecular interaction between IL-4R and CD40. Together these results suggest that there is a cross-talk between CD40-and the IL-4R-mediated signal transduction system during the T cell-dependent B cell activation.

B 세포 활성화 유도물질이 proto-oncogene 발현에 미치는 영향 : B 세포 증식효과와의 관련성 분석 No direct correlation with B cell proliferation response

이충은 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.1

인체 B세포 활성화 과정의 분자적기전을 조사하기 위하여 IL-4. anti-IgM 및 anti-CD40같은 B세포 활성화 물질이 B세포의 proto-oncogene 발현유도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 휴지기 B세포에 anti-IgM의 자극을 가하였을 때 c-myc과 c-fos의 발현이 현저하게 유도되었으나, IL-4의 자극을 가하였을때는 c-fos만이 유도되었다. 또한 anti-IgM과 IL-4를 동시처리 하였을시는 각각을 단독처리하였을때보다 B세포의 증식효과가 크게 상승하였으나, c-myc 또는 c-fos의 발현에는 이러한 상승작용이 관찰되지 않았다. 한편 B세포 활성화 분자인 CD40를 통한 자극에 의하여 c-myc의 발현이 뚜렷이 유도되었는데, 이때에 B세포 증식효과는 나타나지 않았다. 이 결과들은 IL-4, anti-IgM 및 anti-CD40에 의하여 B세포의 증식이 유도되는 과정에서 c-fos나 c-myc과 같은 proto-oncogene의 작용이 직접적으로 관여하지 않음을 시사하며, 아마도 다른 proto-oncogene이나 이들이 down-stream effector들의 작용이 관여하여 이들 B세포 활성화물질에 의한 B세포 증식의 상승효과를 유발할 가능성을 제시한다. To investigate the molecular mechanism of human B cell activation by interleukin-4(IL-4), anti-IgM, and anti-CD40, effects of these B cell activating agents on the induction of proto-oncogene expression were examined. Anti-IgM stimulation of resting B cells induced both c-myc and c-fos expression, while IL-4 induced c-fos but not c-myc. Although the combined treatment of anti-IgM plus IL-4 caused a synergistic effects on B cell proliferation, there was no concomittant enhancement of c-myc or c-fos transcript levels. Interestingly, a soluble anti-CD40 Ab (5C3) strongly induced c-myc proto-oncogene. Yet this soluble Ab alone or even together with IL-4 induced no apparent proliferation of B cells. These data suggest that there is no direct correlation between proto-oncogene, c-fos or c-myc expression and human B cell proliferation induced by IL-4, anti-IgM or anti-CD40. It appears that the reported synergistic effect of IL-4 and anti-IgM or anti-CD40 on B cell proliferation, results from the regulation of other B cell proto-oncogene expression and/or from the action of further down-stream effectors.

저 품위 철광석을 사용한 식생용 투수 콘크리트의 중성화 및 제작에 관한 연구

은희창,이민수,배충열 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2007 産業技術硏究 Vol.27 No.A

Recently produced concrete has a tendency to overcome environmental defects. Porous and planting Eco-concrete requires the neutralization process and enough void in concrete to contain water, to pass air freely, and provides necessary nutrients to vegetation roots. The biological environment in concrete is not suitable for planting because the concrete possesses strong alkali constituent of pH 11-13. This study evaluated the strength and serviceability of concrete as well as the chemical characteristics of concrete mixed by low-grade iron ore left in the abandoned mine and treated by Ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, (NH_(4))_(2)HPO_(4). Test variables include two kinds of coarse aggregates such as crushed stones and low-grade iron ore, the duration time and the period for neutralization treatment by Ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, (NH_(4))_(2)HPO_(4), and the proportion ratio of cement, blast furnace slag and silica fume.

B 림프구 활성화 자극에 따른 Interleukin-4 수용체와 Type II IgE 수용체 발현조절양상의 상호관련성

이충은,윤석란,변광호,소의영 大韓免疫學會 1995 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.17 No.3

Interleukin-4(IL-4) specifically induces the expression of its own receptor, IL-4R and type II IgE receptor, FceR1l in a dose-dependent manner in human B lymphocytes. We observed that the IL-4-induced expression of IL-4R and Fce Rll were both down-regulated by interferon-T(IFN-T) at mRNA as well as surface protein levels in normal B lymphocytes. Such co-ordinated regulation of the IL-4-induced IL-4R and FceRlI also occurred by anti-CD40 and steroid, each regulating the IL-4-induced response in an opposite direction. While anti-CD40, which is re-ported to agument the IL-4-induced B cell activation, further enhanced the IL-4-induced IL-4R and Fee RU expression, methylprednisolon(MPD) strongly inhibited the level of these receptors. The anti-CD40 or MPD-induced modulation of the IL-4-induced IL-4R and FceRII was further subject to the down-regulation by lFN-T. As compared to normal B lymphocytes, a differential regulation of IL-4R and FceRII was noted in a transformed B cell line, where IFN- Tup-regulated the IL-4-induced responses. Still, there was a co-ordinated regulation of the IL-4R and FceRII in these cells. Taken together, these results suggest that modulation of IL-4R expression and FccRII induction are closely correlated events during the IL-4-induced cellular activation

國際 小貨物 運送業體의 競爭 戰略에 관한 硏究

이충배,홍은경 중앙대학교 산업경영연구소 1999 산업경영연구 Vol.8 No.2

고객요구의 변화에 따른 생산체제의 변화, JIT 시스템의 중요성 증대, 무역의 증가, 고부가가치 산업의 발달, 전자상거래 도래에 따른 유통체제의 변화 등으로 인해 국제 소화물 운송에 대한소요가 계속적으로 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 국제소화물 운송업체들 중 선두주자인 FedEx, UPS, DHL의 경쟁우위 전략을 분석하는 데 있다. 이들 업체들은 최근 정보화, 서비스 지역의 확대 및 사업영역의 확장 등의 부문에서 경쟁업체들에 비하여 우위를 점하기 위한 전략을 적극적으로 추진하고 있다. 이들 업체들은 전세계를 대상으로 고도의 물류서비스를 제공하기 위하여 정보화, 통합화를 가속화시키고 있으며, 지역적으로는 현지 업체들과의 제휴를 통해 해당 지역의 시장을 공략하고 있다. 물류환경의 변화와 국제소화물 운송업체들의 대응전략은 우리 운송업체들의 향후 진로에 많은 시사점을 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다. Demand for international express delivery service is rapidly growing by changes of commercial environments such as production method. JIT system, high-value added industries and distribution structure. electronic commercial transactions. In response international express delivery service companies such as FedEx, UPS and DHL are introducing and adopting new strategies i.e. enhancing information technologies, diversification for comprehensive logistics service, market expansion. This study aims to compare and analyze the strategies of international express delivery service companies. In conclusion, most companies are making aggressive investment plans for IT, diversification market expansion in order to cope with new business environments such as electronic commerce. This study suggests that Korean express companies mostly small-scale, hold a Korean market with establishing joint venture, strategic alliance with international express companies.

TLD를 사용한 고층건물의 수치해석

홍은호,이충렬 부천대학 2004 論文集 Vol.25 No.-

現代의 高層建物設計는 强風이나 地震荷重으로부터 構造物의 安全性 및 使用性과 居住者의 便安함을 提供하는 問題들을 包含한다. 現代 高層建物의 剛性과 質量은 더 강한 材料와 複合 構造시스템을 使用하여 줄이고 있다 剛性과 質量의 減少는 과도한 水平振動으로부터 構造物에 발생할 수 있는 問題의 가능성을 줄여 준다. 居住者의 便安함과 安全性을 增加시키는 效果的인 方法을 硏究하는 革新的인 엔지니어들은 2가지 形態의 振動制御시스템을 사용한다. 하나는 受動制振시스템이고 다른 하나는 能動制振시스템이다. 이 論文은 受動制振시스템중에 同調液體댐퍼(Tuned Luquid Damper)에 대해 다루고자 한다. 선박에서 널리 사용되어진 TLD는 最近 構造物의 振動制御를 위해 사용되고 있다. TLD는 움직이는 質量으로서 물 또는 다른 液體를 사용하고 復原力은 重力을 사용한다. 에너지 吸收는 液體와 容器의 摩擦과 液體流動시의 출렁거림으로 한다. 構造物의 運動에너지를 吸收하는 TLD의 基本 原理는 TMD와 같다. The design of modern tall buildings involves certain problems, such as safety and serviceability of the structure and comfort of occupants result from strong wind or earthquake loads. The stiffness and mass of modern tall buildings have been reduced by using higher strength materials and better integrated structural systems. These decreases in stiffness and mass have increased the possibility of structural problems arising from excessive lateral vibration. Innovative engineers in their search for effective ways of increasing the comfort and safety of occupants make use of two types of vibration control system. One is passive control system and the other is active control system. This thesis deals with the tuned liquid damper of passive control systems Tuned liquid dampers which have been widely used in ships are recently implemented for vibration control of structures. A TLD uses water or other liquids as the moving mass and restoring force is generated by gravity. Energy absoption comes from boudaries between liquid and containers and turbulence in the liquid flow. The basic principle of TLD to absorb kinetic energy of the main structure is the same as TMD.

스포츠 관광 활성화 개선방안에 관한 연구

조충현,김홍식,박은석,강성찬,이동헌 圓光大學校 附設 體力科學硏究所 2003 體力科學硏究 Vol.26 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the marketing strategy based on the traditional wrestling, which affects the tour industry. The study used the simple random sampling method in the group of the Kwang-Ju district citizens. The group representatives were directly interviewed, and 277 interviewees replied with concern. The rest of the interviewees were not interested in the survey. The general characteristics of the interviewees -- gender, age, education, job, monthly salary. -- were used to analyze the items related to Sports Tourism in general. Sport Tourism in general Male interviewees had higher recognition over females in the interview. The rate of experience was low for both genders. According to their education, the satisfaction of sport tourism showed low rate. However, there were many answers where the interviewees, not depending on the age or gender, indicated that they will participate in the future. The policy recommended based upon the results of the study is as follows. There is a need for setting up a new strategy in order to increase participation of sports. Also, it is urgent to set up a sports theme center to raise professional sportsmen and to supply them to where they are needed.

대학 전산 정책의 방향설정 및 추진계획에 관한 연구

홍상은,이병수,조충호,이상정,주경수,안종근,황순기 순천향대학교 1994 논문집 Vol.17 No.1

It has been rapidly given to the importance of the embodiment of the efficient computer systems in university education. Since the recent trend of the adoption of the openess policy in university education systems significantly affects on the realization of the embodiment of the efficient computer systems which is very essential to promote the international competition in many areas of university education. So it is greatly needed that our Soonchunhyang university must have the following principles for the embodiment of the efficient computer systems. (1) It is required that the appropriate computer education and the good quality of research environment must be given. (2) The establishment of the synthetic computer network system for efficient the university administrations is needed. (3) It is needed to establish the computer system for the consideration of the future performance. (4) It is also needed to improve the organization and the administration systems of the university computer center. (5) It is required on the establishment of the local area network(LAN) systems in the Soonchunhyang university, and the LAN must be connected to other outer national and international computer systems. And we propose the following requirement for the establishment of the convienent computer systems in our university and we have been greatly though about the significant change of the environment in university computer system. [1] The subject of the basic computer must become as the required subject for the all students in the curriulum. [2] The new computer systems both in hardware and software must be introduced. [3] It is needed to the change of the present name of the university computer center into the university information and computer center. And its organizations must be furthur developed [4] The training center for the university emploee is also needed. [5] The establishment of the database systems for the automtion of the university administation is needed. [6] It is strongly required on the establishment of the local area network system in the Soonchunhang university to connect the Bitnet and the Internet through the Hankook communication. [7] The computerization for the central library is needed. The indepent local area network system for the library is also needed to establish the own database system. Finally we hope that the LAN will be connected to the national wide library computer system.