Ethanol Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Augments Cellular Anti-oxidant Defense through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1

Lee, Yoo-hwan,Kim, Jung-hee,Song, Choon-ho,Jang, Kyung-jeon,kim, Cheol-hong,Kang, Ji-Sook,Choi, Yung-hyun,Yoon, Hyun-Min KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for many years. Although several studies have focused on the anti-oxidative activity of this mushroom, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity have not yet been clearly established. The present study investigated the cytoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL) against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, $H_2O_2$) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in a C2C12 myoblast cell line. Methods: Oxidative stress markers were determined by using the comet assay to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Cell viability and Western blotting analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to EGL and $H_2O_2$ in C2C12 cells. Transfection with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-specific small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was conducted to understand the relationship between Nrf2 expression and $H_2O_2$-induced growth inhibition. Results: The results showed that EGL effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced growth and the generation of ROS. EGL markedly suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced comet-like DNA formation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 ($p-{\gamma}H2AX$), a widely used marker of DNA damage, suggesting that EGL prevented $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the EGL treatment effectively induced the expression of Nrf2, as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), with parallel phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the C2C12 myoblasts. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly abolished the protective effects of EGL against $H_2O_2$-induced accumulation of ROS and reduced cell growth. Notably, transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA attenuated the cytoprotective effects and HO-1 induction by EGL, indicating that EGL induced the expression of HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that EGL augments the cellular anti-oxidant defense capacity through activation of Nrf2/HO-1, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 感染者에서 血中 可溶性 Interleukin 2 受容體와 Neopterin의 變動

趙相椿,成在鉉,金政澈,鄭泰浩 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1991 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.8 No.1

Lymphocytes upon activation release a soluble form of interleukin-2 receptor. Increased serum levels of soluble IL-2R have been noted in a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders and in conditions associated with active T cell responses. Activated T-cells also release a interferon-gamma that is capable of activating in macrophages a guanosine triphosphate(GTP) cyclohydrolase leading to increased synthesis and excretion of neopterin. Thus, soluble IR-2R and neopterin can be utilized as markers for the clinical assesment of cell-mediated immune responses. This study has been conducted to investigate the immune responses in vivo of HIV seropositive individuals. Twenty-eight healthy subjects were also studied as controls. HIV-infected individuals had elevated soluble IL-2R and neopterin levels. A significant positive correlation was found between soluble IL-2R and neopterin levels in HIV-infected individuals. According to the ROC curves soluble IL-2R reflects more discriminating effect than neopterin. These data indicate that soluble IL-2R and neoptein might be useful parameters for screening of HIV-positives. Moreover, they might indicate the possible central role of T-cell and macrophage acivation in the progression of HIV infection. J. Kyungpook Nat. Univ. Sch. Dent. Vol.8, No.1, 127∼140, 1991.

파라메타 변동에 강인한 유도전동기의 센서리스 벡터제어

우정인,김동완,김춘삼,박지호 東亞大學校 大學院 1999 大學院論文集 Vol.24 No.-

본 논문에서는 파라메타의 변동에 기인한 유도전동기의 성능저하를 개선하기 위한 강인한 센서리스 벡터제어를 제안한다. 동일차원 상태관측기를 구성하여 고정자전류와 회전자자속을 추정하고, 추정된 고정자전류와 회전자자속을 이용하여 속도 동정기를 구성한 후 회전자의 속도를 추정하여 Deadbeat 전류제어를 수행한다. 또한, 회전자속도의 추정에서 고정자전류 오차는 가변극배치 동일차원 상태관측기에 의해서 보상되며, 회전자자속 오차는 고정자전류를 입력으로 하고 회전자자속을 출력으로 하는 모델을 설정하여 이 모델에 파라메타 변동에 강인한 슬라이딩 관측기로 구성된 회전자자속 관측기를 부가한다. 이 회전자자속 관측기에서 회전자자속의 지령치와 추정값 사이의 오차를 보상하므로써 속도 동정기에 강인성을 부여하고, 정확한 Deadbeat 전류제어의 상태예측을 수행한다.

Southern Blot Hybridization법을 이용한 악성 림프종의 면역유전형에 관한 연구

전호종,기근홍,김윤신,이미숙,이미자,장원재,장숙진,박영진,정춘해,정종훈,양성훈,이광민 조선대학교 1994 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.19 No.2

Immunogenotyping using gene rearrangement analysis has emerged as a precise laboratory aid in the diagnosis and classification of malignant Iymphoid neoplasms. The lineage and clonality of the malignant Iymphoid neoplasms can be identified by the demonstration of rearrangements of antigen receptor genes of the immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes. The analysis of the gene rearrangements on the malignant Iymphoid neoplasms are also useful as a sensitive unique clonal markers to detect early recurrence in patients with malignant Iymphoid neoplasms after treatment. To analyze the sensitivity and specificity of gene rearrangements in the diagnosis of malignant Iymphoid neoplasms. 24 cases of malignat Iymphoma were examined by Southern blot hybridization using CTβ-T cell receptor β chain gene-DNA probe and JH-immunoglobulin heavy chain gene-DNA probe. The results of the immunogenotypings using Southern blot hybridization disclosed high correlation between the immunophenotyping using immunohistochemical stain with monoclonal antibodies (B-cell Iymphoma 84.2%. T-cell Iymphoma 75% ). The analysis of the gene rearrangement of the angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy(AILD) and unclassifiable Iymphoma using immunohistochemical stain could resolve the monoclonality and lineage . Rearranged bands to the CTβDNA probe were observed in one case out of 2 cases of AILD. One case of unclassifiable Iymphoma showed rearranged bands to the CTβ DNA probe. There were no rearrangements in reactive follicular Iymphoid hyperplasia and paracortical Iymphoid hyperplasia. In conclusion, DNA gene rearrangement study should be applied to differentiate the clonality and cell lineage in the malignant Iymphoma with indistinctive immunophenotype.

방선균 WCM-9가 생산하는 Polyene 항진균성 항생물질(AF1)의 생물학적 성상

신운섭,정선호,이동희,이경호,김수기,박주영,고춘명 대한의진균학회 1996 대한의진균학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Background: Pathogenic fungi infect humans, especially immunocompromised patients, with superficial or deeply invasive pattern. In the past 20 years, fungal infections have been increased dramatically resulted by increment of organ transplantation, cancer, AIDS patients, or use of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. Fungal infections are now important causes of morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients. but there is no effective antifungal antibiotics as well as antibacterial antibiotics Objective: Effective new antifungal antibiotics are needed for the treatment of mycosis. So in an effort to develop effective antifungal antibiotics, we screened over 600 isolates of Streptomyces spp. from soil. Methods: Antifungal producing strain was selected using disk diffusion method, An antifungal substance (AF1) was purified with ethyl acetate extraction, silica gel column chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. MICs of AF1 were detected by agar dilition method. Results: The compound showed UV maxima of 307, 321, 340, 359 nm indicating methylpentaene. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the AF1 were 3.7 ㎍/ml against mold, and 3.7 - 7.4 ㎍/ml against Candida species. AF1 was also active against Cryptococcus neoformans, with MIC of 0.9 ㎍/ml. The concentration of AF1 for K^+ ion release from human red blood cell and hemolysis were 5 ㎍/ml. Conclusion: The antibiotic purified from culture broth of Streptomyces sp. WCM-9 was a polyene antifungal antibiotic which have broad spectrum antifungal activity.

頭鍼이 中風患者의 단기간 NIHSS와 MBI에 미치는 영향

류재춘,박인범,김상우,김철홍,서정철,윤현민,장경전,송춘호,안창범 동의대학교 한의학연구소 2002 동의한의연구 Vol.6 No.-

Objective ; The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Scalp acupuncture on recovery of motor disorders in stroke patients. Methods ; Twenty two patients with poststroke-hemiplegia were randomized into two groups. Ten patients(test group) treated by 2 methods-Scalp acupuncture and body acupuncture. The other twelve patients(control group) treated only by body acupuncture. The activity of daily living was measured with a National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS) and Modified Barthel Index(MBI). The therapy was performed one a day for 2 weeks. Results ; In terms of score of NIHSS, the test group showed statistically meaningful decrease after 2 week treatment, but the control group showed statistically meaningful decrease after 1 week(p<0.05). And in terms of score of MBI, the test group did not show statistically meaningful increase but the control group showed statistically meaningful increase after 1 week(p<O.05). There was no statistically meaningful difference after 1 and 2 week treatment between the groups. Conclusions ; These results support that test group has almost same effectness compared with control group in improvement of the activity of daily living of poststroke-hemiplegic patients.

조직학적 진단된 chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis 2예

김연숙,정숙인,기현균,김춘관,김신우,한정호,김성민,백경란,송재훈 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.1

CNPA는 기존의 폐질환 및 폐절제술로 인해 국소방어기전에 저하가 있거나 비특이적 전신면역상태저하를 갖고 있는 환자들에게서 주로 발생하는 만성적인 공동성 폐질환이다. 현재까지 우리나라에서는 CNPA의 보고가 없는 상태이고, 저자들은 최근 조직학적으로 진단된 CNPA 2예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. 저자들이 경험한 CNPA 환자들은 만성알코올 중독 및 기관지확장증과 같은 기저질환과 폐절제술을 받은 병력이 있었다. Aspergillus가 폐실질을 침윤하고 있는 조직소견과 조직배양에서 Aspergillus가 검출되어 조직학적 진단이 가능하였고, amphotericin B의 정주요법 및 경구 itraconazole 투여와 폐절제술 등으로 성공적으로 치료되었다. 아직 많은 임상의들에게는 낯선 질환인 CNPA의 치료성적은 환자의 동반질환 및 CNPA 자체의 중증도, 진단과 치료 시작의 지연 등에 의해 크게 좌우되므로 만성적으로 진행하는 공동성 폐병변을 갖고 있는 환자에게서 CNPA를 감별하는 것이 중요하다. Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (CNPA) is a chronic cavitary form of pulmonary aspergillosis. Dozens of CNPA cases have been reported in patients with systemic immunologic dysfunction or altered local defense mechanism from preexisting pulmonary disease. Review of literatures revealed that no CNPA cases have been reported in Korea yet. We experienced two cases of CNPA proven by lung biopsy. A 53-year-old alcoholic male in poor nutritional state was admitted with generalized weakness and weight loss. Chest CT revealed a cavitary nodule surrounded with ground-glass attenuation. CT-guided fine needle aspiration and biopsy was done. The biopsy specimen demonstrated dichotomously branching septated hyphae consistent with those of Aspergillus sp. Another case was a 39-year-old man with bronchiectasis who was admitted with persistent hemoptysis. He had a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis. A parahilar lesion with intracavitary soft tissue mass was incidentally detected in high-resolution GT. Left lingular segmentectomy was done due to uncontrolled hemoptysis and CNPA was histologically diagnosed. Both patients were successfully treated with intravenous amphotericin B followed by oral itraconazole. Even though CNPA is unfamiliar to most clinicians, it should be included in differential diagnoses of chronic progressive cavitary pulmonary lesion, especially in patients with immunologic dysfunction.

노화가 인체 중간엽 줄기세포로부터 조골세포로의 증식 및 분화에 미치는 영향

백기현,태현정,오기원,이원영,조정기,권순용,강무일,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.3

연구배경: 일반적으로 골다공증과 연관된 위험인자로는 연령, 폐경, 약물, 불충분한 칼슘섭취, 만성질환 및 운동부족 등이 있는데, 특히 노화가 진행할수록 골밀도가 감소하는 것은 잘 알려져 있다. 노화와 관련하여 진행되는 골소실은 조골세포 및 전구조골세포의 기능적 결핍에 의한 골형성의 감소가 주요한 요인으로 여겨지고 있다. 그 동안 연령이 조골모 세포의 양과 조골모 세포로부터 성숙조골세포로의 분화 및 증식에 미치는 영향에 대한 일부 보고들이 있었으나 아직 일치된 견해는 없는 형편이다. 방법: 다양한 연령의 사람으로부터 골수를 채취, 중간엽 줄기세포가 포함된 단핵세포를 분리한 후 조골세포로 분화하기 좋은 조건하에서 배양하였다. 대상군은다시 젊은군과 노령군으로 구분하여 다양한 변수를 비교 분석하였다. 일차배양에서는 CFU-F를 계수하여 골수내 중간엽 줄기세포의 수를 추산하였고, 칼슘측정을 통하여 기질의 무기화 정도를 비교하였다. 계대배양후 이차배양에서는 시기별로 알카리성 포스파타제 활성도를 측정하고 오스테오칼신 mRNA의 발현을 관찰하여 젊은군과 노령군 사이의 증식능 차이를 비교하였다. 또한 이차배양 시기별로 MTT 측정을 하여 양군간에 증식능 차이가 있는지 알아보았다. 결과: 1. 일차배양 15일째에 평균 CFU-F의 수는 젊은군에서 유의하게 많았다(젊은군 148.3±28.9, 노령군 54.3±9.1, p=0.02). CFU-F의 평균면적은 젊은군에서 넓은 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 2. 일차배양 17일 경과 후 양군간에 기질 칼슘 침착정도는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(젊은군 103.6±50.6, 노령군: 114.0±56.5, p=NS). 3. 이차배양 10일째에 젊은군에서 알카리성 포스파타제 활성도가 고령군에 비해 유의하게 높았다(젊은군: 935.5±115.0 U/mg, 노령군: 578.4±115.7U/mg,p.0.05). 고령군에서는 시간 경과에 따른 변화가 미약했으며 전반적으로 알카리성 포스파타제의 활성도가 젊은군에 비해 낮았다. 4. 이차배양도중 오스테오칼신 mRNA의 발현은 배양시기별로 젊은군에 비해 고령군에서 더 낮은 경향을 관찰할 수 있었다. 5. 이차배양 10일과 15일에 젊은군에서 노령군보다세포증식이 유의하게 증가된 양상을 보였다(10앓 젊은군 0.73±0.05, 노령군 0.58±0.04, p=0.05, 15일; 젊은군 0.80±0.05, 노령군 0.70±0.03, p=0.05).결론: 이상의 연구에서 저자들은 노령군에서 젊은군보다 골수 내 중간엽줄기세포의 수가 적고, 노령군에서 유래한 전구조골세포의 성숙조골세포로의 증식 및 분화가 젊은군 보다 감소해 있는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. Background: Osteoblasts originate from osteoprogenitor cells in bone marrow stroma, termed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or bone marrow stromal cells. Each MSC forms colonies (colony forming units-fibroblasts [CFL-Fs]) when cultured ex vivo. There are some reports about the age-related changes of the number and osteogenic potential of osteoprogenitor cells, but any relationship has not been clearly established in humans. In this study, we counted MSCs using CFU-Fs count and examined the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of osteoprogenitor cells. Finally, we analyzed how these parameters varied with donor age. Methods: Bone marrow was obtained from the iliac crest of young (n=6, 27.2±8.6 years old) and old (n= 10, 57.4k6.7 years old) healthy donors. Mononuclear cells, including MSCs, were isolated and cultured in osteogenic medium. In primary culture, we compared the colony-forming efficiency of MSCs between the two groups and determined the matrix calcification. When primary culture showed near confluence, the cells were subcultured. Alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin expression by RT-PCR and proliferative potential by MTT assay were examined by the time course of secondary culture. Results: At the 15th day of primary culture, the mean number of CFU-Fs was significantly higher in the younger donors (young: 148.3±28.9, old: 54.3±9.1, p=0.02) and the mean size of CFL-Fs was also larger in the younger donors than the older donors. However, matrix calcification was not different between the two groups (young: 103.6±50.6, old: 114.0±56.5, p=NS). In secondary culture, alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly lower in the older donors. The younger donors showed peak alkaline phosphatase activity at day 10, while the older donors didn't showed a remarkable peak (young: 935.5±115.OU/mg, old: 578.4±115.7U/mg, p<0.05). Total cell number as a proliferative index increased progressively during the secondary culture and a significantly greater cell number was noted in the younger donors. Osteocalcin expression was generally upregulated in the younger donors, but this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study shows that the number of osteoprogenitor cells is decreased during aging and that the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of osteoprogenitor cells seem to be reduced during aging (J Kor SOC Endocrinol 18:296-305, 2003).

董氏鍼을 加味한 治療가 中風患者의 NIHSS와 MBI상의 단기간 기능회복에 미치는 영향

조태성,손인석,김철홍,서정철,윤현민,장경전,송춘호,안창범 동의대학교 한의학연구소 2002 동의ㆍ경산 한의학 학술대회 Vol.6 No.-

von Willebrand's disease 1예

박치영,모성환,문철호,곽재정,김태종,전용준,박유환,정춘해 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1995 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.20 No.2

von Willebrand's disease (vWD) is the most common autosomal-dominant inherited disorder resulting from a quantitative or a qualitative defect of von Willebrand factor (vWF). The most diagnostic pattern is the combination of a prolonged bleeding time, a reduction in plasma vWF concentration, a parallel reduction in ristocetin cofactor activity, and reduced factor Ⅷ activity, In this case, ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation data were compatible with that of vWD. Bleeding times were prolonged over 4 minutes, vWF antigen levels were 45%. vWF ristocetin cofactor activities were 0~1% and factor Ⅷ levels were 31%, when compared to the normal control. We report the case of a family with vWD. characterized by a quantitative defect in vWF