신장기능영상용 방사성의약품 Bz - MAG3 ( Benzoylmercaptoacetylglycylglycylglycine ) 의 키트화 및 체내분포

고창순(Chang Soon Koh),이명철(Myung Chul Lee),정준기(June Key Chung),이동수(Dong Soo Lee),김영주(Young Ju Kim),정재민(Jae Min Jeong),장영수(Young Soo Chang),조정혁(Jung Hyuk Cho) 대한핵의학회 1996 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.30 No.3

N/A The MAG3 is a tubular excreting radiopharmaceutical for renal image. We synthe-sized benzoyl MAG3 (Bz-MAG3) and made a kit for labeling with Tc-99m. We checked the labeling effeciency of Tc-99m labeled MAG3 and biodistribution. Labeling efficiency was checked by TLC- SG (acetonitrile/H2O=2/1). After injecting of 1 mCi of Tc-99M-MAG3 to ICR-mice, Tmax(min), T1/2(min) were obtained in the renogram. Sequencial images (30sec, 2min, 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min) of TC-99m-MAG3 were compared with those of commercial Tc-99m-DTPA (Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Co.) kit. 1) The Rf value of synthesized Tc-99m-MAG3 was 0.78 and labeling efficiency was 97.5±1.9% (n=10). 2) The dynamic images of the Tc-99m-MAG3 were better than those of the Tc-99m-DTPA. 3) The Tmax(min.) and T1/2(min.) of Tc-99m-MAG3 (n=10) were 1.5±0.5 (left), 1.4±0.4(right), and 4.3±1.4 (left), 4.8±2.0 (right), respectivel. The Tmax(min.) and T1/2(min.) of Tc-99m-DTPA (n=7) were 2.7±1.6 (left), 2.7±1.6 right), and 3.8±1.7 (left), 4.5±2.7 (right), respectively. The quaility of image and labeling efficiency of the synthesized Bz-MAG3 kit were excellent, that it was supposed to be used in routine clinical work.

Long second toe: its nail and skin changes

( Geun-hwi Park ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Nail can be affected by trauma, infection, and systematic disorders. In particular, the toe nails are exposed to the repeated and cumulative minor traumas, which usually result in thickened, splitted, and discolorated nails. Considering these, it can be inferred that the long second toe can be related to various nail and skin changes by repeated minor traumas such as friction in shoes, but the study or report on this topic hasn’t been done yet. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce various nail and skin changes on long second toe. Methods: We analyzed the kinds of nail/skin changes of 50 patients with long second toe, enrolled at Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from 2013 to 2018. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of left and right toe and toenail, and 7 (14%) patients presented bilateral distribution. The most common nail change on long second toe was melanonychia (23, 46%), followed by subungual hematoma (15, 30%), onycholysis (2, 4%), subungual hyperkeratosis (2, 4%), onychomadesis (1, 2%), and retronychia (1, 2%). The most common skin change was corn (9, 18%), followed by paronychia (2, 4%). Twenty (20/50, 40%) patients also had other toe or toenail changes. Among them, the most common site was big toe/nail (13, 62%), and the most common change was subungual hematoma (8, 42%). Conclusion: Through this study, the dermatologists can recognize and diagnose the nail and skin changes of long second toe.

MaxEnt 모델링을 이용한 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 서어나무 (Carpinus laxiflora)와 개서어나무 (C. tschonoskii)의 분포변화 예측

이민기 ( Min-ki Lee ),천정화 ( Jung-hwa Chun ),이창배 ( Chang-bae Lee ) 한국농림기상학회 2021 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Hornbeams (Carpinus spp.), which are widely distributed in South Korea, are recognized as one of the most abundant species at climax stage in the temperate forests. Although the distribution and vegetation structure of the C. laxiflora community have been reported, little ecological information of C. tschonoskii is available. Little effort was made to examine the distribution shift of these species under the future climate conditions. This study was conducted to predict potential shifts in the distribution of C. laxiflora and C. tschonoskii in 2050s and 2090s under the two sets of climate change scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The MaxEnt model was used to predict the spatial distribution of two species using the occurrence data derived from the 6^th National Forest Inventory data as well as climate and topography data. It was found that the main factors for the distribution of C. laxiflora were elevation, temperature seasonality, and mean annual precipitation. The distribution of C. tschonoskii, was influenced by temperature seasonality, mean annual precipitation, and mean diurnal rang. It was projected that the total habitat area of the C. laxiflora could increase by 1.05% and 1.11% under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively. It was also predicted that the distributional area of C. tschonoskii could expand under the future climate conditions. These results highlighted that the climate change would have considerable impact on the spatial distribution of C. laxiflora and C. tschonoskii. These also suggested that ecological information derived from climate change impact assessment study can be used to develop proper forest management practices in response to climate change.

Association of Change in Smoking Status and Subsequent Weight Change with Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Jeong Seogsong,Oh Yun Hwan,Choi Seulggie,Chang Jooyoung,Kim Sung Min,Park Sun Jae,Cho Yoosun,Son Joung Sik,Lee Gyeongsil,Park Sang Min 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.1

Background/Aims: Smoking is considered a risk factor for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the association of a weight change after a change in smoking status and the risk of NAFLD remains undetermined. Methods: This study used the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. Based on the first (2009 to 2010) and second (2011 to 2012) health examination periods, 139,180 adults aged at least 40 years were divided into nonsmoking, smoking cessation, smoking relapse, and sustained smoking groups. NAFLD was operationally defined using the fatty liver index. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. Results: Compared to nonsmoking with no body mass index (BMI) change, the risk of NAFLD was significantly increased among subjects with BMI gain and nonsmoking (aOR, 4.07; 95% CI, 3.77 to 4.39), smoking cessation (aOR, 5.52; 95% CI, 4.12 to 7.40), smoking relapse (aOR, 7.51; 95% CI, 4.81 to 11.72), and sustained smoking (aOR, 6.65; 95% CI, 5.33 to 8.29), whereas the risk of NAFLD was reduced among participants with BMI loss in all smoking status groups. In addition, smoking cessation (aOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.35 to 2.29) and sustained smoking (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.39 to 1.94) were associated with higher risk of NAFLD among participants with no BMI change. The liver enzyme levels were higher among participants with smoking cessation and BMI gain. Conclusions: Monitoring and management of weight change after a change in smoking status may be a promising approach to reducing NAFLD.

Carotenoids 식이와 알코올이 혈액학적 성분과 간조직에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

조만희,김연선,이상한,우기민,장예진,김창세 순천향의학연구소 1999 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.5 No.2

Alcohol is well known agent which can damage the human tissues such as liver via stimulating lipid peroxidation and storage, denaturation of macromolecules, and inhibiting protein metabolism. On the other hand, carotenoids in addition to vitamins A, C, E and lipoic acid, play important roles in protecting these oxidative damages as well as preventing the production of free radicals. This study was carried out to elucidate the precise effects of alcohol administration into rats on the antioxidative functions of dietary carotenoids and isolated β-carotene, and to find out any parameters to uncover more detailed biochemical mechanisms of these agents. For these purposes, two different approaches were performed: 1) examination of the changes in hematological parameters (e.g., total proteins, A/G ratio, ALT/AST et. al) and statistical correlations among inter- and intragroups, 2) examination of the histopathological changes by an electron microscope. The results were analyzed and summarized as following; (1) Carrot diet for one week caused a slight increase in albumin. A/G ratio and AST levels, and a slight decrease in ALT, ALP, BUN and uric acid levels. Two-week alcohol administration following carrot diet increased total proteins, albumin A/G ratio and BUN levels. However, both groups were shown to have little significant changes in cholesterol concentrations. (2) Cheese diet for one week caused a significant increase in total proteins, albumin, AST, ALP, uric acid and total cholesterol levels, and a significant decrease in A/G ratio and glucose concentrations. However, two-week β-carotene diet following cheese intake increased total proteins albumin, A/G ratio, BUN and total cholesterol levels, whereas AST, ALT, ALP and uric acid levels were decreased. (3) Alcohol administration for one week caused an increase in AST activities and a decrease in total proteins, albumin, ALT, ALP and BUN levels. A successive β-carotene diet following alcohol administration increased total proteins, albumin, ALT, ALP and BUN levels, whereas decreased AST and uric acid levels. However, there were not significant changes in A/G ratio, glucose and total cholesterol levels in both groups. (4) β-carotene diet for one week caused a slight increase in albumin, glucose, AST and uric acid levels, and a slight decrease in ALP and BUN levels. Two-weeks alcohol administration following β-carotene diet increased albumin, glucose, BUN and total cholesterol levels, whereas decreased AST, ALT, ALP and uric acid levels. (5) Although the pathological investigation on the liver did not reveal significant changes, cheese diet group (CH-BC/1-CH) was shown to have some lipid deposits. Some results were unexpected and different from typical hematological changes shown by other researchers. Nonetheless, these results strongly suggest that the liver damage or hepatism caused by alcohol intake affects many kinds of biochemical metabolisms, which results in significant changes in many hematological parameters. In addition, dietary carotenoid and isolated β-carotene were shown to have protective roles against the biochemical changes by alcohol intake.

Causes and Predictive Factors Associated with "Diagnosis Changed" Outcomes in Patients Notified as Tuberculosis Cases in a Private Tertiary Hospital

Kang, Byung Ju,Jo, Kyung-Wook,Park, Tai Sun,Yoo, Jung-Wan,Lee, Sei Won,Choi, Chang-Min,Oh, Yeon-Mok,Lee, Sang-Do,Kim, Woo Sung,Kim, Dong Soon,Shim, Tae Sun The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.6

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the "diagnosis changed" rate in patients notified as tuberculosis (TB) on the Korean TB surveillance system (KTBS). Methods: A total of 1,273 patients notified as TB cases on the KTBS in one private tertiary hospital in 2011 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were classified into three groups: "diagnosis maintained", "diagnosis changed" (initially notified as TB, but ultimately diagnosed as non-TB), and "administrative error" (notified as TB due to administrative errors). Results: Excluding 17 patients in the "administrative error" group, the "diagnosis maintained" and "diagnosis changed" groups included 1,097 (87.3%) and 159 patients (12.7%), respectively. Common causes of "diagnosis changed" were nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease (51.7%, 61/118), and pneumonia (17.8%) in cases notified as pulmonary TB, and meningitis (19.5%, 8/41) and Crohn's disease (12.2%) in cases notified as extrapulmonary TB. Being older than 35 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.18) and a positive acid-fast bacilli stain (OR, 1.58) were positive predictors and a TB-related radiological finding (OR, 0.42) was a negative predictor for a "diagnosis changed" result via multivariate logistic regression analysis in pulmonary TB cases. Conclusion: Because of a high "diagnosis changed" rate in TB notifications to the KTBS, the TB incidence rate measured by the KTBS may be overestimated. Considering the worldwide trend toward increased NTM disease, the "diagnosis changed" rate may increase over time. Thus, when reporting the annual TB notification rate in Korea, the exclusion of "diagnosis changed" cases is desirable.

Causes and Predictive Factors Associated with “Diagnosis Changed” Outcomes in Patients Notified as Tuberculosis Cases in a Private Tertiary Hospital

( Byung Ju Kang ),( Kyung Wook Jo ),( Tai Sun Park ),( Jung Wan Yoo ),( Sei Won Lee ),( Chang Min Choi ),( Yeon Mok Oh ),( Sang Do Lee ),( Woo Sung Kim ),( Dong Soon Kim ),( Tae Sun Shim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.6

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the “diagnosis changed” rate in patients notified as tuberculosis (TB) on the Korean TB surveillance system (KTBS). Methods: A total of 1,273 patients notified as TB cases on the KTBS in one private tertiary hospital in 2011 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were classified into three groups: “diagnosis maintained”, “diagnosis changed” (initially notified as TB, but ultimately diagnosed as non-TB), and “administrative error” (notified as TB due to administrative errors). Results: Excluding 17 patients in the “administrative error” group, the “diagnosis maintained” and “diagnosis changed” groups included 1,097 (87.3%) and 159 patients (12.7%), respectively. Common causes of “diagnosis changed” were nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease (51.7%, 61/118), and pneumonia (17.8%) in cases notified as pulmonary TB, and meningitis (19.5%, 8/41) and Crohn`s disease (12.2%) in cases notified as extrapulmonary TB. Being older than 35 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.18) and a positive acid-fast bacilli stain (OR, 1.58) were positive predictors and a TB-related radiological finding (OR, 0.42) was a negative predictor for a “diagnosis changed” result via multivariate logistic regression analysis in pulmonary TB cases. Conclusion: Because of a high “diagnosis changed” rate in TB notifications to the KTBS, the TB incidence rate measured by the KTBS may be overestimated. Considering the worldwide trend toward increased NTM disease, the “diagnosis changed” rate may increase over time. Thus, when reporting the annual TB notification rate in Korea, the exclusion of “diagnosis changed” cases is desirable.

모과내 기능성 유용성분 용매추출공정의 최적화

전주영 ( Ju Yeong Jeon ),조인희 ( In Hee Jo ),경현규 ( Hyun Kyu Kyung ),김현아 ( Hyun A Kim ),이창민 ( Chang Min Lee ),최용희 ( Yong Hee Choi ) 한국산업식품공학회 2010 산업 식품공학 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구에서는 모과내의 여러 가지 기능성 유용성분을 효과적으로 추출하기 위해서, 모과나무의 익은 열매로 만든 약재인 모과를 사용 하였다. 모과의 기능성 유용성분용매 추출 공정의 최적 조건을 확립하고자 하였다. 모과를 에탄올에 추출하여 반응표면 분석법으로 모니터링하여 최적 용매 조건을 설정하였다. 중심합성계획법에 따라 시료에 대한 용매비(X1)와 추출온도(X2), 추출시간(X3)을 요인변수로 하고 추출수율(Y1), 총페놀 함량(Y2), 전자공여능(Y3), 갈색도(Y4), 환원당(Y5)을 종속변수로 하여 시행하였다. 실험 결과 추출수율은 추출 온도와 추출 시간에 유의하게 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. 안장점에서 추출조건은 시료에 대한 용매비는 26.38mL/g, 추출온도는 72.82oC, 추출시간은 74.86 min에서 최대값을 나타내었다. 총페놀 함량은 용매비와 시간에 영향을 거의 받지 않았고 추출시간에는 영향을 받았으며, 최대값은 20.70mg/mL 로 나타났다. 이때의 추출조건은 시료에 대한 용매비는 22.61mL/g, 추출온도는 84.49oC, 추출시간은 77.25 min으로 나타났다. 전자공여능은 추출온도에 따라 유의하게 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 안장점에서의 추출조건인 시료에 대한 용매비 10.65mL/g, 추출온도 67.78oC, 추출시간 96.75 min에서 추출수율은 94.12%로 예측되었다. 갈색도에 대한 추출조건은 시료에 대한 용매비 23.77mL/g, 추출온도 87.27oC, 추출시간 96.68 min 일 때 안장점이 나타났다. 환원당은 시료에 대한 용매비 26.83mL/g, 추출온도 82.167oC, 추출시간 81.94 min에서 10.55mg/mL로 최대값을 나타내었고 추출시간에 영향을 받았다. In this study, various active functional components in Chinese Quince were extracted by solvent extraction method. A central composit design for optimization was applied to investigate the effects of independent variables such as solvent to sample ratio (X1), extraction temperature (X2), and extraction time (X3) on the soluble solid contents (Y1), total phenols (Y2), electron donating ability (Y3), browning color (Y4) and reducing sugar contents (Y5). It was found that extraction temperature and extraction time were the main effective factors in this extraction process. The maximum soluble solid contents of 35.77% was obtained at 26.38mL/g (X1), 72.82oC (X2) and 74.86 min (X3) in saddle point. Total phenols were rarely affected by solvent ratio and extraction time, but it was affected by extraction temperature. The maximum total phenols of 20.70% was obtained at 22.61mL/g (X1), 84.49oC (X2), 77.25 min (X3) in saddle point. The electron donating ability was affected by extraction time. The maximum electron donating ability of 94.12% was obtained at 10.65mL/g (X1), 67.78oC (X2), 96.75 min (X3) in saddle point. The maximum browning color of 0.32% was obtained at 23.77mL/g (X1), 87.27oC (X2), 96.68 min (X3) in saddle point. The maximum value of reducing sugar content of 10.55% was obtained at 26.83mL/g (X1), 82.167oC (X2), 81.94 min (X3). Reducing sugar content was affected by extraction time.

ULSI 금속배선용 구리의 전착

이동녕,김기범,최창희,이효종,민석홍 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.36 No.10

The microstructural evolution of Cu films deposited by electroplating was investigated with the variation of the deposition rate from 0.1 ㎛/min to 3 ㎛/min by using a copper sulfate solution. Electrodeposition of copper was conducted on 0.1 ㎛ or 0.5 ㎛ thick copper seed layer deposited by sputtering process. The growth characteristics were investigated by monitoring the surface microstructure, electrical resistivity and chemical composition. The feasibility of electroplating process for ultra-large-scale integration(ULSI) metallization scheme was demonstrated through preferred crystallographic growth direction, resistivity and step coverage. The uniform Cu film was successfully electroplated at deposition rates from 0.5 to 3 ㎛/min and its continuous growth on the copper seed layer was observed in every specimen. The resistivity of as-deposited copper film made at deposition rates from 0.5 to 3 ㎛/min was about 2.5μΩ-㎝ and subsequent annealing in a vacuum at 200℃ for 2 min reduced it to 2.3μΩ-㎝.

Comparison of Dual Probe Bipolar Mode with Monopolar and Single Probe Bipolar Modes : Comparison of Dual Probe Bipolar Mode with Monopolar and Single Probe Bipolar Modes

Lee, Jeong Min,Han, Joon Koo,Kim,Se Hyung,Lee, Jae Young,Kim, Dae Jin,Lee, Min Woo,Cho, Gyung goo,Han, Chang Jin,Choi, Byung Ihn Korean Radiological Society 2004 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.5 No.2