Putting Climate Change into Water Resource Management: Adaptation Efforts in the U.S., U.K., Canada, Australia, and the Netherlands

( Hee Jun Chang ),( Jon Franczyk ),( Deg Hyo Bae ) 한국환경정책평가연구원 2006 환경정책연구 Vol.5 No.4

기후변화가 지역의 수자원에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상됨에 따라 수자원 관리자들은 이에 대응한 적응전략을 수립하는 것이 필요하다. 이에 본고에서는 미국, 영국, 캐나다, 오스트렐리아, 네덜란드의 적응관리의 실태를 검토하였다. 이들 나라들은 현재의 수자원 관리관행, 제도적 장치, 기후변화의 잠재적 수자원 영향에 따라 매우 상이한 적응관리를 하고 있다. 이들 나라들의 비교연구를 통하여 기후변화에 따른 한국에서의 지속가능한 수자원 관리를 위한 정책적 관련성을 도출하였다. As global climate change is expected to influence regional water resources, water resource managers need to establish adaptive management to cope with climate change. We examined adaptive management efforts in the US, UK, Canada, Australia, and the Netherlands. Each country is implementing different levels of adaptation efforts based on current water management practices, institutional arrangements, as well as the varying degree of water availability, current climate effects and expected climate change effects. Based on the comparison of these countries, we suggest policy implications for the sustainable water resource management of Korea under climate changes.

Putting Climate Change into Water Resource Management: Adaptation Efforts in the U.S., U.K., Canada, Australia, and the Netherlands

Chang, Hee-Jun,Franczyk, Jon,Bae, Deg-Hyo Korea Environment Institute 2006 환경정책연구 Vol.5 No.4

기후변화가 지역의 수자원에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상됨에 따라 수자원 관리자들은 이에 대응한 적응전략을 수립하는 것이 필요하다. 이에 본고에서는 미국, 영국, 캐나다, 오스트렐리아, 네덜란드의 적응관리의 실태를 검토하였다. 이들 나라들은 현재의 수자원 관리관행, 제도적 장치, 기후변화의 잠재적 수자원 영향에 따라 매우 상이한 적응관리를 하고 있다. 이들 나라들의 비교연구를 통하여 기후변화에 따른 한국에서의 지속 가능한 수자원 관리를 위한 정책적 관련성을 도출하였다. As global climate change is expected to influence regional water resources, water resource managers need to establish adaptive management to cope with climate change. We examined adaptive management efforts in the US, UK, Canada, Australia, and the Netherlands. Each country is implementing different levels of adaptation efforts based on current water management practices, institutional arrangements, as well as the varying degree of water availability, current climate effects and expected climate change effects. Based on the comparison of these countries, we suggest policy implications for the sustainable water resource management of Korea under climate changes.

조기 천장골염의 자기공명영상 소견

김태환 ( Tae Hwan Kim ),전재범 ( Jae Bum Jun ),심승철 ( Seung Cheol Shim ),장대국 ( Dae Kook Chang ),고회관 ( Hee Kwan Koh ),정성수 ( Sung Soo Jung ),이인홍 ( In Hong Lee ),배상철 ( Sang Cheol Bae ),유대현 ( Dae Hyun Yoo ),전의용 대한류마티스학회 1998 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.5 No.2

목적: 천장골염의 유무가 척추 관절염의 진단에 중요한데 단순 골반 검사에서 변화가 없는 환자를 대상으로 MRI를 이용하여 천장골염의 조기변화 소견 및 MRI방법에 따른 장점을 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 단순 골반 검사에서 천장골염 유무가 확실하게 구분되지 않은 혈청 음성 척추 관절염 환자 26명을 대상으로 MRI를 시행하고 염증의 주침범위치를 천측과 장측, 관절의 상하로 구분하고, MRI방법에 따른 변화를 비교하였다. 결과: 모든 예에서 조영 증강되는 판누스를 관찰할 수 있었고, Grade I 이하에서는 장골측과 관절하부, 인대성 관절보다 활막성 관절을 더 많이 침범하였다. Grade II 이상에서도 장골측과 관절 하부에 더 많았으나 인대성 관절을 Grade I이하에서보다 더 많이 침범하였다. 관절 주변 지방 침착역시 장골측과 관절 하부에 더 주로 침범하였고 Grade II 이상에서 약간 더 많았다. 관절 주변 골염은 Grade 0에서는 없었고, Grade I에서는 주로 장골측과 관절 하부에서 92%가 양성이었고, Grade II에서는 93%에서, Grade III에서는 64%에서 양성으로, 장골측을 주로 침범하였으나 관절 상하부의 구분은 없었다. 인대성 천장골 관절은 Grade I 이하에서 38%, II 이상에서는 94%에서 침범하였다. 관절 주변 골염과 지방 침착, 그리고 판누스의 관찰에는 MPGR보다 스핀에코 영상이 좋았고, 관절면의 불규칙성 또는 관절강의 확대와 관절 강직여부의 관찰에는 스핀에코에 비해 MPGR 영상이 좋았고, 연골하 경화는 비슷하였다. 천장골염의 정도와 ESR, CRP와의 연관성은 없었다. 걸론: 천장골 관절에서 염증의 시작은 주로 장골 측과 관절의 하부에서 먼저 시작되고, 관절이 진행될수록 장골측에서 천골측까지로 범위가 확대 되었다. MRI방법에 의한 차이로 초기단계에는 스핀에코 영상이 관절염을 확인하는데 도움이 되고 관절면이 불규칙하게 되고 경화가 되어 병이 진행된 상태에서는 MPGR영상이 진단에 더 도움이 되었다. 염증성 배부 동통이 있는 경우 단순 골반 검사에서 이상이 없는 환자인 경우에도 MRI 검사를 시행하여 천장골염의 유무를 확인하는 것이 중요하다. Objective: The early detection of sacroiliitis on X-ray is important to diagnose spondyloarthropathy(SpA). The conventional radiography, bone scan, and computer tomogram have the problems of sensitivity, specificity, and side effects. We examined sacroiliitis using MR imaging in patients who had inflammatory back pain, but no definite changes in conventional radiogrphy. Other radiologic techniques were compared in detection of early sacroillitis. Methods: Twenty six patients with SpA were examined. The MRI findings of both sacroiliac joints were evaluated in every patients, such as pannus, periarticular osteitis and fat accumulation, subchondral sclerosis, and joint space changes(irregularity, ankylosis). Also we analyzed the changes of sacroiliac joints in sacroiliitis. Results: The predominant sites of involvement were upper aspect and iliac surface of sacroiliac joint in subchondral sclerosis, lower and iliac in pannus, periarticular fat accumulation, and iliac in periarticular osteitis. The MPGR images were superior to spin echo images in evaluation of joint space changes(irregularity, and ankylosis). Conclusions: Sacroiliitis is initiated in iliac side and lower portion of sacroiliac joints. MRI can detect early changes of sacroiliitis in patients with no conventional radiographic changes. MRI seems to be needed in patients with inflammatory back pain.

강원도 남부지역에서 소나무림 벌채 후 초기 종조성 변화

조용찬 ( Yong Chan Cho ),김준수 ( Jun Soo Kim ),이창석 ( Chang Seok Lee ),조현제 ( Hyun Je Cho ),이호영 ( Ho Yeong Lee ),배관호 ( Kwan Ho Bae ) 한국임학회 2011 한국산림과학회지 Vol.100 No.2

강원도 남부 지역의 발달단계가 다른 소나무림 벌채지에서 16년 동안의 식생 변화를 연구하였다. 교란 후, 천이 궤적 및 환경 변화를 온도, 상대습도, 서열분석(Detrended Correspondence Analysis, DCA), Multiple Responses Permutation Procedure(MRPP) 및 지표종 분석(Indicator Species Analysis, ISPAN) 등을 통하여 분석하였다. 벌채 직후, 수관열림도는 대조구와 비교하여 세 배(1yr 68.3% 및 R1 23.0%)로 급격히 증가한 후 감소하였으나, 상대습도는 비교적 작은 변화(약 6% 감소)를 나타내었다. DCA 결과, 벌채 후 초기에는 종조성이 이질적으로 변화하였으나, 점차 벌채 이전(대조구)의 것과 유사하게 발달하였다. MRPP 결과, 각 발달 단계(1yr, 3yr, 10yr 및 16yr)의 종 조성은 대조구(R1, R3, R10 및 R16)의 것과 유의한 차이를 보였다. 1yr 및 3yr에서는 목본성 종이, 10yr 및 16yr에서는 초본 종들이 주요 종으로 분석되어, 교란 직후에는 목본성 종들이 활발한 재생을 나타내며, 이후 초본 식생이 발달하는 것을 보였다. 연구 대상지역의 천이는 초기 식물상 조성 모델로 설명할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Vegetation changes were studied for 16 yr in clearcut logged Pinus densiflora forests in the southern Gangwon-do province in Korea by applying chronosequence approach. Ambient temperature and relative humidity, Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA), Multiple Responses Permutation Procedure (MRPP), Indicator Species Analysis (ISPAN) were used to examine successional trajectory and compositional changes. After clearcutting, canopy openness was increased abruptly at three folds (1yr 68.3% and R1 23.0%) and then decreased, but relative moisture was slightly decreased (6%) compare to control site. In the result of DCA, right after clear cutting, vegetation composition was developed heterogeneously compared to control sites, and then approached to control sites within 16 years. Based on MRPP, species composition of each developmental stages (1yr, 3yr, 10yr and 16yr) revealed signigicant differences to that of control vegetation (R1, R3, R10 and R16). Indicator species in 1yr and 3yr samples included various woody species rather than herbaceous species, but in 10yr and 16yr, herbaceous were more abundant. Earlier succession of pine forests likely can explain to Initial Floristic Composition (IFC) Model.

Overexpression of Insulin Degrading Enzyme could Greatly Contribute to Insulin Down-regulation Induced by Short-Term Swimming Exercise

Min Sun Kim,Jun Seo Goo,Ji Eun Kim,So Hee Nam,Sun Il Choi,Hye Ryun Lee,In Sik Hwang,Sun Bo Shim,Seung Wan Jee,Su Hae Lee,Chang Joon Bae,Jung Sik Cho,Jun Yong Cho,Dae Youn Hwang 한국실험동물학회 2011 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.27 No.1

Exercise training is highly correlated with the reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), although it enhanced insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake and glucose transporter expression to reduce severity of diabetic symptoms. This study investigated the impact of short-term swimming exercise on insulin regulation in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat as a non-obese model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Wistar (W/S) and GK rats were trained 2 hours daily with the swimming exercise for 4 weeks, and then the changes in the metabolism of insulin and glucose were assessed. Body weight was markedly decreased in the exercised GK rats compare to their non-exercised counterpart, while W/S rats did not show any exercise-related changes. Glucose concentration was not changed by exercise, although impaired glucose tolerance was improved in GK rats 120 min after glucose injection. However, insulin concentration was decreased by swimming exercise as in the decrease of GSIS after running exercise. To identify the other cause for exercise-induced insulin down-regulation, the changes in the levels of key factors involved in insulin production (C-peptide) and clearance (insulin-degrading enzyme; IDE) were measured in W/S and GK rats. The C-peptide level was maintained while IDE expression increased markedly. Therefore, these results showed that insulin down-regulation induced by short-term swimming exercise likely attributes to enhanced insulin clearance via IDE over-expression than by altered insulin production.

교양수업 참여 대학생의 라이프스킬 학습과 전이를 위한 PEAK 프로그램의 효과

양윤경 ( Yang Yun-kyung ),임태희 ( Lim Tae-hee ),이창민 ( Lee Chang-min ),윤미선 ( Yun Mi-seon ),배준수 ( Bae Jun-su ) 국기원 2021 국기원태권도연구 Vol.12 No.1

목적 이 연구의 목적은 교양수업에 참여하는 대학생을 대상으로 태권도와 라이프스킬을 통합한 PEAK 프로그램을 적용하고 라이프스킬 학습 및 전이의 변화를 확인하는 것이었다. 방법 연구참여자는 Y대학에서 교양수업을 수강하는 대학생 25명(남자 14, 여자 11)을 목적적 표집방법으로 선정했다. PEAK는 매주 1회 120분씩(태권도 수련 90분, 워크시트 30분) 15주에 걸쳐 적용했다. 자료는 스포츠라이프스킬과 전이 측정도구를 사용하여 수집했고, 변화내용을 구체적으로 살펴보기 위해 심층면담을 진행했다. 수집된 자료 중 양적자료는 사전-사후 점수차이를 비교하기 위해 대응 t-test와 Cohen의 효과크기(d )를 계산했다. 질적자료는 전문가 협의를 통해 분석·검토하여 양적결과를 뒷받침하는 사례를 도출했다. 결과 사전점수와 사후점수를 비교한 결과 라이프스킬과 전이의 몇 가지 하위요인에서 통계적으로 유의한 효과가 있었다. 구체적으로 라이프스킬 하위요인에서는 목표설정과 시간관리의 효과크기가 통계적으로 유의했다. 전이에서는 친구갈등해결, 목표설정, 만나기와 인사하기, 그리고 도움주고받기의 효과크기가 통계적으로 유의했다. 심층면담 결과에서는 통계적으로 유의한 변화가 나타난 요인들에 대해 학생들의 구체적인 사례를 제시했다. 결론 PEAK는 대학생의 라이프스킬 학습과 전이에 부분적으로 유의한 효과를 미친다. 이 연구의 결과는 유소년에게만 국한되어 있던 라이프스킬 교육을 다양한 연령층으로 확대하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Purpose The purpose of this study was to apply the PEAK (Performance·Enhancement·Achievement·Knowledge) program, which integrated Taekwondo and life skills, to college students and to identify changes in life skills and transfer. Method 25 (male=14 and female=11) students taking general education classes at Y university were selected as the participants by using the purposive sampling method. The PEAK was applied once a week for 120 minutes (90 minutes taekwondo, 30 minutes worksheet) for 15 weeks. Data were collected using the sport life skills scale and transfer survey. Also, in-depth interviews were conducted to examine the details of the changes. Quantitative data were conducted corresponding paired t-test to compare the differences in pre- and post-scores, and the Cohen’s effect size (d) was calculated. Qualitative data were analyzed and reviewed through the expert meeting to derive meaningful results. Results Comparison of pre- and post-score results showed statistically significant effects in several sub-factors of life skills and transfer. Specifically, the goal setting and time management sub-factors of life skills were statistically significant with Cohen’s d effect sizes. The effect sizes of friend conflict resolution, goal setting, meeting and greeting, and helping each other in the life skills transfer were statistically significant. The results of the in-depth interview provide specific examples of students for factors that show statistically significant changes. Conclusion The PEAK had a partially significant effect on the life skills development and transfer of college students. The findings of this study are expected to help expand life skills education, which was limited to youth, to various age groups.

Menadione에 의해 유발된 간독성에 미치는 홍삼사포닌의 영향

장봉준,배춘식,조용성,차용호,박창원,조대현,장경진,Jang, Bong-jun,Bae, Chun-sik,Cho, Yong-seong,Cha, Yong-ho,Park, Chang-won,Cho, Tae-hyun,Chang, Kyung-jin 대한수의학회 1997 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.37 No.3

It is known that 2-methyl-1,4-naphtoquinone(menadione, MD) induces hepatotoxicities both in vivo and in vitro. These toxic effects are believed to result from oxidative damages to hepatocytes by "active oxygen" species via one-electron reduction of the naphtoquinone. The ginsenoside(GS) is a complex mixture of individual ginsenosides which is known to produce a range of effects on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. In particular, GS has an antioxidant effect. In this experiment we studied the effect of GS from red panax ginseng(red ginseng total saponin, RGTS) on free radical-induced liver injuries by MD. Administration of MD($150{\mu}M$) caused an increase in aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activities and lipid peroxidation, decrease in alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activities and total bilirubin levels in blood, caused depletion of GSH and changes of antioxidant enzyme(superoxide dismutase, catalase) activities are shown in liver tissue. Administration of RGTS restored the AST levels that increased by MD, but catalase showed no significant changes. RGTS also had an effect of restoring the GSH level and had some synergistic effects with SOD. These data suggest that RGTS may have some protective effects on liver injury which is related with the oxygen free radical.

Korean Red Ginseng protects dopaminergic neurons by suppressing the cleavage of p35 to p25 in a Parkinson's disease mouse model

Jun, Ye Lee,Bae, Chang-Hwan,Kim, Dongsoo,Koo, Sungtae,Kim, Seungtae The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.2

Background: Ginseng is known to have antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. The present study investigated a possible role of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) in suppressing dopaminergic neuronal cell death and the cleavage of p35 to p25 in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum (ST) using a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model. Methods: Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 30 mg/kg of MPTP at 24-h intervals for 5 d, and then administered KRG (1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or 100 mg/kg) once a day for 12 consecutive days from the first injection. Pole tests were performed to assess the motor function of the mice, dopaminergic neuronal survival in the SN and ST was evaluated using tyrosine hydroxylase-immunohistochemistry, and the expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), p35, and p25 in the SN and ST were measured using Western blotting. Results: MPTP administration caused behavioral impairment, dopaminergic neuronal death, increased Cdk5 and p25 expression, and decreased p35 expression in the nigrostriatal system of mice, whereas KRG dose-dependently alleviated these MPTP-induced changes. Conclusion: These results indicate that KRG can inhibit MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal death and suppress the cleavage of p35 to p25 in the SN and the ST, suggesting a possible role for KRG in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

소아 재발성 호흡기 감염증에서 Broncho-Vaxom�의 임상효과

배종우,차성호,조병수,정사준,최용묵,안창일 한국의학사 1990 診斷과治療 Vol.10 No.9

도서지역의 우수집수 시스템 개발 : 제주지역을 중심으로 Focus in Cheju Island

전인배,허창환,지홍기 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.2

This study aims at the development of rainwater harvesting system in an island where rainwater used to supply domestic water. To accomplish this purpose, Cheju island was chosen as the study area and designed the roof area. The storage tank size of the rainwater harvesting system was based on the results of frequency analysis with actual rainfall and domestic water data. The theory of frequency was used in this analysis to design a stable rainwater harvesting system. It found that Generalized Logistic (GLO) distribution was suitable in the result of frequency analysis. Security rates (80, 90, 99%) used to remedy a defect of designed rainwater harvesting system according to return period was solved the water deficiency. Therefore, developed rainwater harvesting system in this study can be provided the solution which is reduced surface runoff in wet period and supplied water in dry period. This system is effective way of water management in islands.