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Liu, H.C.,Huang, J.F.,Lee, S.R.,Liu, H.L.,Hsieh, C.H.,Huang, C.W.,Huang, M.C.,Tai, C.,Poivey, J.P.,Rouvier, R.,Cheng, Y.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.5
A synthetic strain of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) was developed by introducing genes for long duration of fertility to be used as mother of mule ducklings and a seven-generation selection experiment was conducted to increase the number of fertile eggs after a single artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen. Reciprocal crossbreeding between Brown Tsaiya LRI-2 (with long duration of fertility) and Pekin L-201 (with white plumage mule ducklings) ducks produced the G0. Then G1 were intercrossed to produce G2 and so on for the following generations. Each female duck was inseminated 3 times, at 26, 29, and 32 weeks of age. The eggs were collected for 14 days from day 2 after AI. Individual data regarding the number of incubated eggs (Ie), the number of fertile eggs at candling at day 7 of incubation (F), the total number of dead embryos (M), the maximum duration of fertility (Dm) and the number of hatched mule ducklings (H) with plumage colour were recorded. The selection criterion was the breeding values of the best linear unbiased prediction animal model for F. The results show high percentage of exhibited heterosis in G2 for traits to improve (19.1% for F and 12.9% for H); F with a value of 5.92 (vs 3.74 in the Pekin L-201) was improved in the G2. Heritabilities were found to be low for Ie ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.03$) and M ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.01$), moderately low for Dm ($h^2=0.13{\pm}0.02$), of medium values for H ($h^2=0.20{\pm}0.03$) and F ($h^2=0.23{\pm}0.03$). High and favourable genetic correlations existed between F and Dm ($r_g=0.93$), between F and H ($r_g=0.97$) and between Dm and H ($r_g=0.90$). The selection experiment showed a positive trend for phenotypic values of F (6.38 fertile eggs in G10 of synthetic strain vs 5.59 eggs in G4, and 3.74 eggs in Pekin L-201), with correlated response for increasing H (5.73 ducklings in G10 vs 4.86 in G4, and 3.09 ducklings in Pekin L-201) and maximum duration of the fertile period without increasing the embryo mortality rate. The average predicted genetic response for F was 40% of genetic standard deviation per generation of selection. The mule ducklings' feather colour also was improved. It was concluded that this study provided results for a better understanding of the genetics of the duration of fertility traits in the common female duck bred for mule and that the selection of a synthetic strain was effective method of improvement.
H.C. Liu,J.F. Huang,S.R. Lee,H.L. Liu,C.H. Hsieh,C.W. Huang,M.C. Huang,C. Tai,J.P. Poivey,R. Rouvier,Y.S. Cheng 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.5
A synthetic strain of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) was developed by introducing genes for long duration of fertility to be used as mother of mule ducklings and a seven-generation selection experiment was conducted to increase the number of fertile eggs after a single artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen. Reciprocal crossbreeding between Brown Tsaiya LRI-2 (with long duration of fertility) and Pekin L-201 (with white plumage mule ducklings) ducks produced the G0. Then G1 were intercrossed to produce G2 and so on for the following generations. Each female duck was inseminated 3 times, at 26, 29, and 32 weeks of age. The eggs were collected for 14 days from day 2 after AI. Individual data regarding the number of incubated eggs (Ie), the number of fertile eggs at candling at day 7 of incubation (F), the total number of dead embryos (M), the maximum duration of fertility (Dm) and the number of hatched mule ducklings (H) with plumage colour were recorded. The selection criterion was the breeding values of the best linear unbiased prediction animal model for F. The results show high percentage of exhibited heterosis in G2 for traits to improve (19.1% for F and 12.9% for H); F with a value of 5.92 (vs 3.74 in the Pekin L-201) was improved in the G2. Heritabilities were found to be low for Ie (h2 = 0.07±0.03) and M (h2 = 0.07±0.01), moderately low for Dm (h2 = 0.13±0.02), of medium values for H (h2 = 0.20±0.03) and F (h2 = 0.23±0.03). High and favourable genetic correlations existed between F and Dm (rg = 0.93), between F and H (rg = 0.97) and between Dm and H (rg = 0.90). The selection experiment showed a positive trend for phenotypic values of F (6.38 fertile eggs in G10 of synthetic strain vs 5.59 eggs in G4, and 3.74 eggs in Pekin L-201), with correlated response for increasing H (5.73 ducklings in G10 vs 4.86 in G4, and 3.09 ducklings in Pekin L-201) and maximum duration of the fertile period without increasing the embryo mortality rate. The average predicted genetic response for F was 40% of genetic standard deviation per generation of selection. The mule ducklings’ feather colour also was improved. It was concluded that this study provided results for a better understanding of the genetics of the duration of fertility traits in the common female duck bred for mule and that the selection of a synthetic strain was effective method of improvement.
Amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases by cell death-induced cytoplasmic delivery of humanin
Park, T.Y.,Kim, S.H.,Shin, Y.C.,Lee, N.H.,Lee, R.K.C.,Shim, J.H.,Glimcher, L.H.,Mook-Jung, I.,Cheong, E.,Kim, W.K.,Honda, F.,Morio, T.,Lim, J.S.,Lee, S.K. Elsevier Science Publishers 2013 Journal of controlled release Vol.166 No.3
Inhibition of the early intracellular event that triggers neurodegenerative cascades and reversal of neuronal cell death are essential for effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, a novel therapeutic for AD, a transducible humanin with an extended caspase-3 cleavage sequence (tHN-C3), was developed and showed multiple mechanisms of therapeutic action. These included targeted delivery of anti-apoptotic protein humanin through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to neuronal cells, specific inhibition of caspase-3 activation to inhibit the early triggering of AD progression, and delivery of humanin into the cytoplasm of neuronal cells undergoing apoptosis where it exerts its anti-apoptotic functions effectively. The tHN-C3 prevented neuronal cell death induced by H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>, or soluble Aβ<SUB>42</SUB>, via Bax binding. In animal models of AD induced by amyloid beta, in Tg2576 mice, and in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke, tHN-C3 effectively prevented neuronal cell death, inflammatory cell infiltration into the brain, and improved cognitive memory. The therapeutic effectiveness of tHN-C3 was comparable to that of Aricept, a clinically approved drug for AD treatment. Therefore, tHN-C3 may be a new remedy with multiple therapeutic functions targeting the early and late stages of neurodegeneration in AD and other brain injuries.
Lee, D.,Byun, D.W.,Kim, H.,Ngan, F.,Kim, S.,Lee, C.,Cho, C. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2011 Atmospheric environment Vol.45 No.22
Regional air quality models such as the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model have been widely used to study and simulate multi-scale air quality issues. Although they are capable of providing high quality atmospheric chemistry profiles through the utilization of high resolution inputs relating meteorology and emissions with chemical reactions, they cannot simulate air quality accurately if other input data are not appropriate and reliable. There have been few studies on the importance of chemical initial conditions (ICs) as it is considered that the impact of concentration fields specified at the beginning of simulation wears off quickly. This paper demonstrates that the significant errors during the early part of the simulation can damage model predictions and conversely if the ICs are prescribed appropriately with available observations, they can compensate for the shortcomings of the air quality prediction system especially when the episode-based emissions inputs representing real-life emission variations such as forest fires as well as the effects of long-range transport events that are not reflected in the basic model inputs. The key hypothesis of the present study is that prediction of aerosols can be improved by the initialization of the aerosol fields with the satellite-derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). We compare the effects of using fine mode and total AOD for the initialization in terms of regional bias characteristics. We found that the impacts of two-step initial conditions adjustments could be substantial in the case of aerosol events such as wildfires, which the present modeling system does not consider during simulation due to the deficiency in the emission inputs. The total AOD case helped to refine PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> predictions over the northwestern area, where wildfire events occurred, for the fire event days improving the correlation coefficient significantly from 0.12 to 0.67. CMAQ predicted PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> concentrations in the fine mode case decreased by 10-50 μg/m<SUP>3</SUP> in large areas of the northwestern region, resulting in more realistic PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> predictions with reduced unusual high peak cells. This study suggest that the use of initial conditions adjusted by total or fine mode AOD can help to improve PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> simulations, even though further refinements of the vertical distribution of aerosols are critically needed.
Time evolution of electron structure in femtosecond heated warm dense molybdenum
Dorchies, F.,Recoules, V.,Bouchet, J.,Fourment, C.,Leguay, P. M.,Cho, B. I.,Engelhorn, K.,Nakatsutsumi, M.,Ozkan, C.,Tschentscher, T.,Harmand, M.,Toleikis, S.,Stö,rmer, M.,Galtier, E.,Lee, H. J.,N American Physical Society 2015 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.92 No.14
β-delayedγ-ray spectroscopy of non-yrast states inTe138near the neutron drip line
Lee, P.,Moon, C.-B.,Lee, C. S.,Odahara, A.,Lozeva, R.,Yagi, A.,Nishimura, S.,Doornenbal, P.,Lorusso, G.,Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Sumikama, T.,Watanabe, H.,Isobe, T.,Baba, H.,Sakurai, H.,Browne, F. American Physical Society 2015 PHYSICAL REVIEW C - Vol.92 No.4
Lee, D.N.,Chang, W.F.,Yu, I.T.,Chiou, Peter W.S.,Weng, C.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.4
This study attempted to determine effects of recombinant porcine epidermal growth factor (pEGF) and glutamine (Gln) supplement on the growth performance and intestinal development of piglets weaned at 14 days of age. A total of ninety-six piglets were allotted to one of four dietary treatments which comprised inclusion of 1.0 mg pEGF supernatant/kg diet or 0.5% Gln both alone and in combination. Each treatment consisted of four replicates with six pigs per pen for a 28 days experimental period. Two pigs per replicate were sacrificed and gastrointestinal tract samples were collected on day 14. Data showed that dietary treatment failed to promote growth performance. On day 14, diets supplemented with pEGF elevated pancreatic chymotrypsin, jejunal alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, lactase and maltase activities (p<0.05), but failed to alter the small intestinal villus morphology, DNA, or protein content of gastrointestinal mucosa. Diets supplemented with Gln increased pancreatic chymotrypsin activity, tended to enhance the protein contents of gastric (p = 0.08) and jejunal mucosa (p = 0.09) but did not influence the serum IgA level or the enzyme activity in the gastrointestinal tract. On day 28, the diets supplemented with Gln increasedt (p<0.05) serum IgA and the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by PHA stimulation. However, a combination of pEGF and Gln did not have a synergistic effect on these biomarkers in early-weaned piglets. The results demonstrate that diets supplemented with recombinant pEGF supernatant indeed improve intestinal digestive enzyme activity and diets supplemented with Gln increases the immune response in early-weaned piglets.
Hyun, H.C.,Rickhey, F.,Lee, J.H.,Kim, M.,Lee, H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 Engineering fracture mechanics Vol.134 No.-
We propose indentation fracture toughness evaluation methods based on finite element analysis adapting the cohesive zone model. Establishing an appropriate finite element model, we examine the effects of material properties on the size of the cracks formed by Vickers indentation, and then suggest a regression formula for the estimation of the fracture toughness. The formula is extended to other types of pyramidal indenters including variations of the indenter angle and the number of indenter edges. The suggested methods are examined by comparison of the experimental data, and the fracture toughness can be accurately estimated from pyramidal indentation data.