정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

토끼의 만성 뇌혈관연축 모델에서 혈관확장제에 의한 비가역적 혈관수축의 발현시기와 혈관벽의 전자현미경소견상 이상소견이 발현되는 시기와의 시간관계

정천기,조병규,김하영,지제근,김종재,한대희 대한신경외과학회 1995 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.24 No.11

One of the characteristics of the cerebral vasospasm is its irreversibility with the vasodilators.Under the hypothesis that the irreversibility with vasodilators might be caused by the structural change in the arterial wall, authors examined the chronological relationships between the irreversibility and the electron microscopic findings of the arterial wall in the rabbit chronic vasospasm model. The development of the vasospasm and the irreversibility of the vasospasm with the intra-arterial papaverine were defined angiographically. After the second angiography done in one to 30 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), eighteen rabbits were sacrificed, and the basilar artery was examined with electron microscope. Arterial narrowing was the severest one day after SAH(54.1% of the pre-SAH diameter), and was maintained up to 30 days afer SAH. The irreversibility of the arterial constriction with the papaverine developed 5 days after SAH, which had a tendency to recover 6 to 9 days after SAH. However the irreversibility was noted again 16 days after SAH. Electron microscopy revealed the endothelial wrinkling, disorganization of muscle fiber, myonecrosis, thickening of smooth muscle fibers, and increase of connective tissue in the tunica media. These structural changes were severest one day after SAH, and gradually diminished up to 30 days after SAH. These data show that there are no chronological relationships between the irreversibility and the structural change per se. However the fact that the irreversibility developed during the reparative phase of the arterial wall injury by SAH suggests that the chronic vasospasm is not a primary event but a secondary phenomenon following an injury to the cerebral arterial wall.

치환된 프로탈로시아닌의 합성 방법 연구

河潤卿,金永寬,孫秉淸,申鉉萬,朴美敬 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1996 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.1

The octadodecanoxy derivative of the phthalocyanine which has such long hydrocarbon chains around the skeleton of the phthalocyanine was synthesized. First of all, ortho-catechol was treated with 2 moles of 1-bromododecane to yield ortho-didodecanoxybenzene(I). Second, bromination of I resulted in dibromo-didodecanoxy benzene(II) where the para positions to the dodecanoxy groups were brominated. Finally, reaction of II with an excess of CuCN under an N₂atmosphere gave the intermediate dicyano-didodecanoxy-benzene(III), in situ, and futher heating in dry DMF with more CuCN gave the final product, octadodecanoxy derivative of the phthalocyanine. The synthetic method developed herein provides a general way to synthesize the variety of the phthalocyanines which displays many different substituents such as long hydrocarbons around its skeleton and contains a various metal inside of the phthalocyanine.

선천성 양측성 폐정맥 협착증의 심초음파 및 심도자 및 혈관조영술 소견

정남식,하종원,윤정한,김병옥,장양수,조승연,조범구 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.4

6063 Al 合金의 熱間變形에 미치는 溫度 및 變形速度의 影響

鄭潾相,尹秉河 경북대학교 공과대학 1974 工大硏究誌 Vol.3 No.-

The dependence of the flow stress of a 6063 Al alloy on temperature and strain rate was studied by conducting tensile test at 400°-500℃ and 10^-4-10^-2 sec^-1 of strain rate. The principal results are as follows. 1) The strain hardening exponent, n, which is more affected by temperature than strain rate, is 0.28-0.16 at 400˚-500℃ and 10^-4-10^-2 sec^-1. 2) The strain rate sensitivities, m, determined from the linear relationship of log σ_max-logε`curves are 0.120, 0.127 and 0.150 at 400℃, 450℃ and 500℃, respectively. These are linearly increased by an increase in temperature and smaller than those of pure Aluminum. 3) The strain rate showes the Arrehnius type temperature dependence. The activation energy decreases as stress increases and its value is about 36 kcal/mole on low stress, and it is close to the activation energy for self-diffusion, for high temperature creep, or for shearing of grain boundary of Al, and for diffusion of Mg and Si in Aluminum. 4) The fracture strain increaseses with temperature, but because of nonuniform deformation after necking, it decreases as strain increases.

제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 비만 지수와 죽상경화증 위험인자들과의 상관성

정병천,박순홍,이주영,이신원,정성창,김정국,하승우,김보완 대한비만학회 2003 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.12 No.2

연구배경: 비만은 제2형 당뇨병의 중요한 병인이면서 죽상경화성 동맥질환의 위험인자인 인슐린 저항성, 지질대사 이상 및 고혈압의 원인으로도 인정되고 있다. 한편 비만에 의한 대사성 및 혈관 합병증은전신적 지방량의 증가보다 복강내 지방축적이 병인적 중요성을 가지고 있다고 한다 그러나 국내의 제2형 당뇨병 환자를 차상으로 비만과 이들 죽상경화증 위험인자와의 상관관계를 연구 조사한 성적은 많지않다. 이에 제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 전신적 비만과 복강내 지방 축적을 반영하는 각각의 신체계측지수들과 죽상경화증 위험인자와의 상관성을 검토함으로써 국내 제2형 당뇨병 환자의 비만도가 대사성 및 혈관성 합병증에 미치는 영향과 신체계측지수들의 임상적 가치를 평가하고자 하였다. 방법 : 제2형 당뇨병 환자 425명 (남자 196명, 여자 229명)을 차상으로 하였다 임상적 단백뇨가 있거나 인슐린 치료, 혈압강하제 또는 지질대사개선제를 복용하는 환자는 제외시켰다. 전신 비만은 체용적지수 그리고 피부두겹 두께로 산출한 체지방률을, 복강내 지방축적도는 허리둘레 및 요둔위비를 이용하였다. 죽상경화증의 위험인자로는 혈당 조절 정도를 나타내는 공복 혈당과 당화혈색소 농도, 인슐린 저항성을 나타내는 공복 인슐린 및 C-peptide 농도, 지질 대사 상태를 나타내는 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤 및 저밀도지단백 콜레스테롤 농도 그리고 수축기 및 이완기 혈압을 선택하였다. 전신 비만지수 및 복부 비만지수와 이들 위험인자와의 상관관계는 연령과 당뇨병 이환기간을 보정하고 편상관분석법을 사용하였다. 결과: 1 여성군에서 남성군에 비해 체용적지수(24.2 대 23.0kg/㎡, p<0.01) 및 체지방률(23.8 대13.5%, p<0.01)은 다소 높았으나 허리둘레 (87.0 대 85.8 cm)와 요둔위비 (0.96 대 0.96)는 차이가 없었다. 2. 인슐린 저항성을 반영하는 공복 인슐린 및 C-peptide 농도는 체용적지수. 체지방률, 허리둘레 및 요둔위비가 커질수록 증가하는 양의 상관관계를 보였다(상관차수 0.21∼0.42, 모두 p<0.05). 3. 혈청 지질중에는 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤만이 남성 환자군에서 비만지수들과 약한 음의 상관성을 보이는 경향이었고, 총 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방농도는 상관성이 없었다. 4. 수축기 및 이완기 혈압은 남성군에서만 체용적지수. 체지방률, 허리둘레 및 요둔위비가 커질수록 상승하는 양의 상관관계를 보였다(상관차수 0.21∼0.33, 모두 p.0.05). 결론. 국내 제2형 당뇨병 환자들의 전신 비만도 및 복부 비만도가 서구인에 비해 심하지는 않으나 포도당 대사, 인슐린 저항성, 지질 대사 및 고혈압에 위해한 영향을 미칠 수 있는 수준에 이르고 있으며 이는 결국 죽상경화증의 위험인자로도 작용하게 될 것임을 시사한다고 하겠다. 그리고 신체계측을 통한전신 비만 및 복부 비만 지수 모두가 당뇨병 및 죽상경화증의 위험을 간접적으로 예견하는 유용한 척도가 될 수 있을 것이다. Background: Obesity is the powerful risk factor for type 2 diabetes and also associated with a significantly increased risk of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Although obese individuals have these diseases, the relationship between obesity and these diseases was not certain until regional fat distribution was taken into account. Reports about the relationship between obesity and the risk factors of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetics in Korea are very rare. To evaluate the relative importance of anthropometric indices on the development of atherosclerosis and obesity-related metabolic and vascular complications, the correlations of these indices with the risk factors for atherosclerosis were studied. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=425, male 196, female 229) who not used antihy- pertensives or anti-lipidemic agents were investigated. Body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (%BF) estimated by skinfold-thickness in assessing generalized adiposity, and waist circumference (Wc) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in assessing visceral adiposity were taken as anthropometric indices. We included the indicators of glycemic control (fasting blood sugar and HbAlc), insulin resistance (fasting serum insulin and C-peptide concentrations), lipid abnormalities (serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol concentrations), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure as risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis. Partial correlations of the anthropometric indices with those risk factors were investigated with adjustment of age and duration of illness. Results: 1. BMI and %BF in female patients group were higher than those in male (24.2 vs 23.0 kg/㎡, 23.8 vs 13.5%, respectively, p<0.01 in all) although Wc and WHR were similar between both groups. In general, both body adiposity and abdominal obesity in them were much lower than in the Western. 2. Serum insulin and C-peptide levels were positively correlated with BMI, %BF, Wc and WHR (r=0.21~42, p<0.05 in all). 3. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL- cholesterol were not correlated with any anthropometric indices. A weak negative correlation of serum HDL-cholesterol with these indices was found in male patients group. 4. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were positively correlated with all these indices only in male group (r=0.21~33, p<0.05 in all). Conclusion: These results suggested that the severity of both generalized and visceral adiposity in these patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were only mild but adiposity with abdominal distribution of body fat in diabetes mellitus could be a significant risk factor of developing atherosclerosis. In clinical practice, these anthropometric indices indicating general adiposity and abdominal obesity may provide useful information for predicting disease risks, especially of diabetes and cardio- vascular disease indirectly.

남성 근로자들에서 간기능 검사 이상소견 발생률과 관련요인

하영애,정경동,천병렬 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

목적 : 근로자의 간기능 검사 이상소견 발생률과 그 관련요인을 알아보고자 일개 화학제품 제조 사업장의 근로자 579명을 대상으로 1997년 10월과 1998년 10월, 2회에 걸쳐 혈액검사 및 설문조사를 실시하였다. 방법 : 간기능 검사 3항목(AST, ALT, γ-GTP)에 대한 2회의 검사에서 모두 이상을 보이는 경우를 간기능 검사 이상소견자로 정의하였다. 일반적 특성(연령, 결혼상태, 학력), 근무부서, 유기용제취급여부, 생활습관(음주, 흡연, 운동, 식이습관), 간질환과거력, 간질환가족력, 약물복용력, B형간염표면항원양성률, 혈당치, 총콜레스테롤치 등을 독립 변수로 처리하였다. 1년 후 간기능 검사 이상소견 발생여부를 종속변수로 사용하였다. 1년 후 추적이 완료된 근로자수는 533명 (92.1%)이었다. 결과 : 간기능 검사 이상소견 연간 조발생률은 100명당 9.6이었고. 연령 표준화 발생률은 9.5이었다. 발생률에 유의하게 관련된 변수는 체질량지수, 음주량, 간질환과거력, 육류섭취였다. (p〈0.05). 다중로지스틱 회귀분석에서는 체질량지수(미교위험도 2.70: 95 % 신뢰구간 1.41∼5.16)와 음주량(비교위험도 1.98: 95% 신뢰구간 1.08∼3.60)이 유의한 변수였다. 체질량지수와 음주량의 변화를 고려한 층화분석결과, 체질량지수가 정상-정상이고 음주량이 소량-소량인 군에 비해 체질량지수가 정상-정상이고 음주량이 과량-과량인 군의 비교위험도가 2.24(95%신뢰구간 1.09∼4.62), 체질량지수가 비만-비만이면서 음주량이 과량-과량인 군의 비교위험도가 5.66(95%신뢰구간 2.69∼11.88)이었다. 결론 : 간기능 검사 이상소견 연간 연령표준화 발생률은 100명 당 9.5이었다. 발생률을 효과적으로 감소시키기 위해서는 체질량지수를 정상으로 유지하고 음주량을 줄이기 위한 적극적인 노력이 필요할 것이다. Objectives : This study was conducted to estimate the incidence of abnormal liver function and risk factors in male employees of an industry in Ulsan City. Methods : Five hundreds and seventy nine male employees were selected as the study cohort and 533 (92.1%) of them were followed after one year. The blood sample was collected to test for AST, ALT, γ-GTP, total-cholesterol, fasting blood sugar and a self-admlnistered questionnaire on life style was done. General characteristics (age, marital status, educational level) , job department, exposure status for organic solvents, life style (alcohol, smoking, exercise, diet) , past history of liver disease, family history of liver disease, drug Intake, HBsAg, blood glucose, total-cholesterol were considered as risk factors. The result of liver function test after 1 year follow-up was treated as dependent variable. The operational definition of abnormal liver function was as follows; those who had abnormal liver functions in the two repealed tests with one month interval. Results : The annual incidence of abnormal liver function was 9.6 per 100 and age-standardized incidence was 9.5. BMI, alcohol, past history of liver disease, and meat intake were significantly related to the incidence (p(0.05) . In multiple logistic regression analysis, BMI (RR=2.70, 95% Cl=1,41-5.16) and alcohol (RR=1.98, 95% Cl=1.08-3.60) were proved as the significant variables. By stratified analysis considering changing pattern of alcohol and BMI, the relative risk of the 'BMI normal-normal and alcohol intake high-high' group was 2.24(95% Cl=7,09-4.62) and that of the 'BMI obese-obese and alcohol intake high-high' group was 5.66 (95% Cl=2.69-11.88) compared with that of 'BMI normal-normal and alcohol intake low-low' group. Conclusions : The age-standardized annual incidence of abnormal liver function was9.5 per 100 in male employees. Thus, an active effort for reducing alcohol intake and controlling BMI should be done to reduce the incidence.

Bi를 첨가한 BaTiO_3 자기반도체

孫炳基,丁潤夏,李萬浩 慶北大學校 1976 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

The (Ba_(1-x)Bi_x) TiO_3 (0.05≤x≤5a/0) has been prepared by sintering the mixture of BaTiO_3 and Bi_2O_3. The measuremnts of the capacitance and resistance showed that the optimum doping level of Bi was 0.1≤x≤0.5a/0. Typically, for the sample of x=0.5a/0, thearea capacitance was 3.5nF/㎠ which gave the effective dielectric constant of 3.4×10^4. The change in capacitance and loss tangent were 0.4∼-26% in the temperature range of -50∼85℃ and 5∼-7% in the temperature range of -50∼150℃ relative to room temperature capacitance and loss tangent, respectively. The frequency characteristics of the capacitance and loss tangent for the sample of 0.5a/0 showed that this sample was suitable for a capacitor in the higher frequency region than 1 kHz. Although the loss tangent(0.1) and the insulation registance (0.02MΩ·μF) are lower than JIS values, the semiconductors in the optimum doping range are valuable to be used as a high dielectric capacitor. The x=0.5a/0 sample had shown a PTC thermistor characteristics by having the resistance anomaly index ψ=2.5 and the room temperature resistivity ρ=10^4Ω·㎝.

Pickling廢液으로부터 磁性 Ferrite의 原料가 되는 酸化鐵의 製造

尹秉河,鄭潾相,金圭鎬 경북대학교 공과대학 1978 工大硏究誌 Vol.7 No.-

The production of a-Fe2O_3 from the waste picklic solution has been investigated. Anhydrous iron chloride can be obtained by the dehydration of waste picklic solution in dried nitrogen gas, and a-Fe_2O_3 was produced by the oxidation of anhydrous iron chloride under the various conditions: the oxidation reaction temperature, the air flow rate, the water content, and the evaporation temperature of anhdrous iron chloride. The experimental results are summarized as following; The dehydration temperature in iron chloride obtained from waste picklic solution is 210℃. The formation of a-Fe_2O_3 from anhydrous iron chloride in using dry air is that the reaction temperature is 700℃ and air flow rate is below 3l/min. Pure a-Fe_2O_3 single phase can be obtained at 500℃ by adding water of 2.2v/o to the air. The fine and uniform particles are obtained as reaction temperature, the water content in air, and vaporization temperature decrease. However the air flow rate is not so effective on it.

타액 할로페리돌 측정

楊秉煥,吳東烈,鄭恩基,鄭夏承 漢陽大學校 精神健康硏究 1987 精神健康硏究 Vol.6 No.-