AKD의 사이즈 효과 발현기구

조병묵,이돈섭 江源大學校 森林科學硏究所 1996 Journal of Forest Science Vol.12 No.-

요약일반적으로 AKD는 중성 초지에서 셀룰로오스와의 화학적 결합에 의해 그 효과가 발현 되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 이 이론에 대한 반대 견해도 많이 발표되었다.이 연구는 AKD와 셀룰로오스간의 화학적 결합 유무를 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. 특히 종이내에서 셀룰로오스 섬유와 화학 결합을 하고 있는 반응 AKD와 미반응 AKD가 각각 사이즈도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으므로 화학적 결합이 존재한다면 AKD 사이즈 처 리된 종이내에서 고온하 수증기상 전이를 일으킬 수 있는 성분을 조사하였다. 그 밖에 이 연구에서는 초지시 여러 제반 요인들에 의한 AKD의 반응성을 알아 보 았다.ABSTRACTGenerally, it has been know that AKD develops sizing efficiency by forming the chemical bond with cellulose in neutral paper making. However, there have been many expriments in opposition to this theory.This study was carried out to find whether there is chemical bond between AKD and cellulose or not. Also, it was investigated that how much the reacted AKD forming chemical bond and the unreacted AKD contribute to sizing degree respectively if chemical bond presents, and what caused AKD sized paper to migrate under high temperature.Besides, this work experimented several factors having influences on AKD sizing in paper amking.

알칼리 전처리가 현사시나무의 효소가수분해에 미치는 영향

박영기,조병묵,오정수 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 2000 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.6

Enzymatic hydrolysis of wood is the reaction to produce glucose from wood using enzyme which derives from microorganism. Glucose can be transferred easily to ethanol by fermentation. Ethanol is the starting meterial for producing acetone, butanol, citric acid and lactic acid. The mechanism of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose are reasonably explained in terms of the sequential action of three different types of enzymes, endo-cellulase, exo-cellulase, and β-glucosidase. The goal of this work was to investigate the cellulose hydrolysis pretreated polar with various concentration NaOH, the crystallinity of cellulose, lignin contents and the degree of hydrolysis.

再生펄프를 利用한 카르복시메틸셀룰로오스의 製造(Ⅱ) : CMC의 物性 測定 Physical Charateristic of CMC

崔正憲,趙炳默,吳正壽 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 1993 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.3

Carboxymethylation of recycled pulp was investigated. For both recycled pulp and dissolving pulp was carboxymethylated by the organic solvent method and tested some industrial analyses, water solubles content, low concentration of NaCl solution solubles and acid hydrolysis. The water solubles content depend on degree of substitution, and low concentration of NaCl did not affected solubilities of the CMC. Prehydrolysis of CM groups prior to reaction with L­cystein, we can obtain the residual unsubstitued anhydroglucose(USAG). The lower amount of USAG in recycled pulp, compared to theorecal data, was suggested that the recycled pulp should obtain the more CM group in the same conditions.

펄프 표백시 산소와 이산화염소의 영향 : 수산기 라디칼의 생성과 금속이온의 영향 The Effect of Hydroxyl Radical and Metal Ion

윤병호,조병묵,이명구 江原大學校 森林科學硏究所 1997 Journal of Forest Science Vol.13 No.-

본 논문에서는 케미루민센스와 HPLC를 사용하여 산소 표백시 수산기 라디칼의 생성과 리그닌 및 탄수화물의 분해와의 상호관련성을 밝히기 위하여 간단한 리그닌 모델화합물인 아포사이놀과 탄수화물 모델화합물인 α-D-glucopyranose와 methyl-β-D-glucopyronoside를 사용하여 연구하였다. 또한 수산기 라디칼의 생성과 금속이온과의 연관성을 검토하고 탈리그닌을 촉진함과 동시에 탄수화물의 분해를 억제하는 최적의 금속이온 농도를 조사하였다. 그 결과 금속이온의 존재가 수산기 라디칼의 형성과 탈리그닌화에 효과적인 영향을 주며, Cu^2+ > Mn^2+ > Mg^2+ > Fe^2+ 순서로 수산기 라디칼이 생성됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 금속이온들은 탄수화물도 분해시키는 문제가 있음을 증명하였다. 그러나 100㎛ Mg^2+를 첨가하면 수산기 라디칼의 생성이 억제됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 Cu^2+은 탄수화물의 안정성에 나쁜 영향을 미쳤으나, 3㎛ Mn^2+을 첨가하면 놀랍게도 methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside에 대해 약간의 보호효과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 이산화염소 라디칼 표백 용액 중에서는 이와 반대로 금속과 관계없이 상당한 양의 수산기 라디칼을 생성하지 않으나 이산화염소 자체의 라디칼이 리그닌만을 선택적으로 분해하였다. Hydroxyl radicals were detected and their qualitative yields were estimated by using chemiluminescence method and γ-irradiation technique in oxygen or chlorine dioxide radicals bleaching conditions. The correlation of hydroxyl radical formation and lignin model(Apocynol) or carbohydrate model(α-D-glucopyranose and methyl-β-D-g1ucopyranoside) degradation was studied in the presence of metal ion or without metal ion. The results showed that the presence of metal ions efficiently affected the formation of hydroxyl radicals in oxygen bleaching process, in the order of Cu^2+ > Mn^2+ > Mg^2+ > Fe^2+, and these metal gave also rise to the degradation of carbohydrate. But it was found that the addition of 100㎛ Mg^2+ gave an efficient protection against carbohydrate degradation and suppressed the hydroxyl radical formation under oxygen bleaching conditions. And the presence of Cu^2+ had a detrimental effect on the stability of carbohydrates, whereas the addition of 3㎛ Mn^2+ surprisingly had a small protective effect on methyl--β-D-g1ucopyranoside. In the CIO_2 radical bleaching conditions the hydroxyl radical expected to generate from water or substrates was not detected in the presence of metals.

製紙工程에서 分離한 슬라임 形成細菌의 最適 生長條件 探索

김은희,조병묵,오정수 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 1997 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.5

The eight bacteria isolated from paper­making process were tested under the condition of 30℃, 35℃, 40℃ with pH 5, 7, 9. The growth of Pseudomonas paucimobilis B was the most excellent at 30℃ with pH 7. Staphylococcus sapropyticus was very good at 35℃ with pH 7 and pH 9. Pseuomonas cepacia generally grew well at every pH condition except for 40℃, pH 9. Acinetobactor calcoaceticus was excellent at 35℃ with pH 7 and at 30℃ with pH 9. Actinobacillus capsulatus showed the good growth in every tested condition except for pH 5 of 35℃, 40℃. The unidentified sprain was very good at 35℃ with pH 7 and pH 9. Staphylococcus auricularis had a unique growth pattern at pH 9 at every tested temperature condition. Acidovorax sp. was good at pH 7 and pH 9 of 30℃, 35℃, 40℃. This isolated bacteria generally showed good growth at pH 7 of 35℃, 40℃.

아세트酸-물 溶媒系에 의한 木材의 有機酸 蒸解效果

李宣鎬,趙炳默 江源大學校 林科大學 森林科學硏究所 1993 Journal of Forest Science Vol.9 No.-

무공해 대체 펄프화법 개발의 일환으로 비교적 최근에 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있는 아세트산-물 용매 중해법을 이용하여 현사시나무와 소나무를 펄프화 하였다. 펄프 특성의 변화에서 현사시나무는 거의 모든 아세트산 중해조건에서 우수한 펄프화 경향을 보였지만 소나무는 저온에서 중해가 거의 일어나지 않았다. 현사시나무의 최적 중해조건은 중해농도 95%, 중해온도 185℃, 중해시간 0.5hr이었다. 구성당 성분의 거동은 현사시나무와 소나무에서 glucose만이 소량 감소하는 반면 그외의 당성분들은 다량 용출되었다. 폐액중의 용출 아세트산 리그닌에 대한 기초적인 성질을 살펴본 결과 현사시나무의 아세트산 리그닌의 원소조성은 C가 63.88%, H가 5.45%, O가 30.67%이며 C의 formular는 였고 소나무의 아세트산 리그닌의 조성은 C가 61.85%, H가 6.14%, O가 32.01%이며 C의 formular는 이었으며 두 수종의 아세트산 리그닌 중합 평균분자량은 현사시나무가 731이며 소나무는 725였다. There are a lot of serious problums associated with conventional pulping processes, such as kraft and sulfite. In order to tackle these difficulties, organic acid pulping of Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee and Pinus densiflora S. et Z. have been investigated as on alternative method. The acetic acid cooking of Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee achieved good delignification with pulp yields of 55-65% under almost all cooking conditions. In the acetic acid cooking of Pinus densiflora S. et Z., it was not cooked at a low temperature. The strength properties of the acetic acid pulps from Pinus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee showed the optimum with 95% acetic acid concentration at 185℃ maximum cooking temperature for 0.5hr cooking time. The strength properties of the acetic acid pulps from Pinus densiflora S. et Z. displayed excellent tear strength in comparison with those of the other softwoods. In the process of acetic acid cooking, glucose has been removed a little, but other sugars have been eliminated. The elemental compositions and formulas of acetosolv lignins from Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee were 63.88% carbon, 5.45% hydrogen and 30.67% oxygen and . The elemental compositions and formulas of acetosolv lignins from Pinus densiflora S. et Z. were 61.85% carbon, 6.14% hydrogen and 32.01% oxygen and . The Wt.av.MWT's of the acetosolv lignins from Pinus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee and Pinus densiflora S. et Z. were 731 and 725.

황성군 일대의 육산 패류 분포에 관한 연구

최준길,조후묵,송병용 尙志大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

In order to explore the detailed distribution of land snails inhabitated in Heongseong, this study was conducted for 2 years (from March 20, 1992 to March 20, 1994) for four optional areas. Total appearances of species were 3 order, 1 Families, 17 Genera, 22 species and total individuals were 3,009. the dominant species were Chamalycaeus cyclophoroides and Diplommatina (Sinica) paxillus. The stati of land snails on size were that there were, in Minute species, Carychium pessinum with 1.5mm shell height and 0.8mm shell diameter, in macro species Acusta despecta sieboldiana, Koreanohadra Kurodana, Aegista (Plectotropis) diversa with 11-21mm sell height, 20-28mm shell diameter. The height and diameter variation of Aegista (Plectoropis) diversa were bigger than anyone else. Also, Numbers of spiral were four to 10, and body colors were mainly white or brown. In terms of inhabitation area, data were gathered more than 14 areas. Among them, species which were inhabitated in the fallen leaves were shown 31.8%, 9-15.9% in stone wall, garden and farming field. Especially Cionella lubrica being known endemic species of Ulung Island was confirmed in Hoengseong.

Scale 제어를 통한 제지공정 안정화 및 용수 절감 방안

권오철,박지혜,조병묵,오정수 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 2000 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.6

Recently, many paper industries are trying to recycle the under of processing for reserving the environment and saving the water. Because of the decrease of the lord of waste water, the process water concentrate the in the substance which is create the scale in the process and then, these factor cause the decrease of qualify of products and need the cost for cleaning the machine. In this study, through the analysis of process water for each part, we examine the degree of stability index and saturation index. We expect the scale in the system. We also examine the change of process water to stabilize the quality of products and work.

제지용 섬유의 Carboxymethyl화 및 Carbamoylethyl화에 의한 sheet의 습윤강도 향상

정명준,권오철,조병묵,오정수 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 2000 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.6

Paper has been an essential part of our civilization for at least two thousand years and we can get various functional paper given by the treatment of coating, laminating, blending and addition of chemicals. Above all, wet strength paper is an important group of other grade paper. Certain paper require a wet strength in order to maintain their properties under wet or humidity conditions. For the purpose of improving the wet strength properties of paper, cellulose fiber was modified by the process of carbamoylethylation and carboxy- methylation. We have the carbamoylethylation of cellulose fiber reacted with acryl- amide in alkali catalyst and carboxymethylation of cellulose fiber reacted with mono- chloroacetic acid in alkali catalyst. The N-chlorocarbamoylethylated sheet and combined sheet of carboxymethylated and carbamoylethylated cellulose fiber more effect than untreated sheet in dry strength. As for folding endurance, the combination of carboxymethylated cellulose fiber and carbamoylethylated cellulose fiber sheet were more effective than other modified fibers. The combination of carboxymethylated cellulose fiber and carbamoylethylated cellulose fiber sheet has some effect on wet tensile strength, but this sheet it less effective than N-chlorocarbamoylethylated sheet.

인공 대기오염 조건에 의한 종이 시트의 열화 거동

김형진,오정수,조병묵 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 2000 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.6

Paper is an important material being considered as a contributor for the development and succession of human culture. With the introduction of mass production system by fourdrinier paper machine, the addition of lots kinds of chemicals and additives is necessarily required for controlling papermaking process. The modern machine-made paper has a irreversible problem for acidification or deterioration of paper before the passage of time around 100 years, due to the chemical additions. The deterioration factors of paper can be divided by several classes, such as factors by raw materials of pulp, by papermaking processes, and by external environment. Among these, some factors occurring aging in paper are temperature, moisture, and air pollutant materials. In particular, air pollution, like SO_2 and NO_2 by industrial and automobile origins has been a topic of focusing attentions for preservation of an old books. In this study, the conditions of artificial air pollutants and heat acceleration were controlled in special gas exposure system and weather-o-meter. The aging treatment was carried out in three kinds of commercial paper prepared with different types of fibrous material. The aging behaviors of paper by the factors of temperature, moisture, sulfur dioxide or nitrogen dioxide were investigated and analyzed from the results in physical and chemical properties of paper.