Ginsenoside $Rs_3$, A genuine Dammarane-Glycoside from Korean Red Ginseng

Baek, Nam-In,Kim, Jong-Moon,Park, Jeong-Hill,Ryu, Jae-Ha,Kim, Dong-Seon,Lee, You-Hui,Park, Jong-Dae,Kim, Shin-Il The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1997 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.20 No.3

A genuine dammarane-glycoside, named as ginsenoside $ Rs_3$, was isolated from the MeOH extracts of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) through repeated silica gel column chromatographies and its chemical structure was determined as (20S)-protopanaxadiol $3-O-[6^{11}-O-acetyl-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl (1{\rightarrow2)-{\beta}-D-$glucopyranoside on the basis of several spectral and physical evidences including HMBC and FAB-MS.

Quest for Tumor Origin of Cholangiocarcinoma

( Baek-hui Kim ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Cholagniocarcinoma is a heterogenous malignancy arising from anywhere of biliary tree, from canals of Hering to common bile duct. Most of cholangiocarcinoma is adenocarcinoma, which resembles bile duct or ductules, with a few variants including mucinous carcinoma, adenosquamous, squamous, and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas. Normal intrahepatic bile duct can be classified into large intrahepatic bile ducts and small intrahepatic bile duct. Large bile ducts have thick fibrous stroma with peribiliary glands, but small bile ducts have no peribiliary gland. Gross morphology of cholangiocarcinomas is classified as mass forming, periductal infiltrating, papillary, and mixed type. Mass forming type is more common in the periphery of liver and periductal infiltrating type is more common around large bile duct. Recently, some studies have revealed that microscopic features of cholangiocarcinoma also can be classified as bile ductular type, small duct type and large bile duct type. Bile ductular type and small duct types are more common in the periphery of the liver, and large bile duct types are more common around large bile ducts. Bile ductular type or small duct type tumors shows morphologic characteristics of bile ductules and small bile ducts, and large bile duct type tumors show more mucinous tumor and dense fibrous stroma. These differences in tumor location, gross morphology, microscopic features may be due to differences in origin of tumor cells. Canals of Hering cell are thought to be the origin of bile ductular type and small duct type tumors, and bile duct precursor cells of peribiliary glands to be the origin of large bile duct type tumors. Some immunohistochemical expression study and molecular study results also corresponds to morphologic features of each type of tumors. Although, these morphologic classifications of cholangiocarcinomas cannot be applied to all tumors, these study results give us important clues to understanding cell origin of cholangiocarcinoma.

Genomic Predictors for Recurrence Patterns of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Model Derivation and Validation

Kim, Ji Hoon,Sohn, Bo Hwa,Lee, Hyun-Sung,Kim, Sang-Bae,Yoo, Jeong Eun,Park, Yun-Yong,Jeong, Woojin,Lee, Sung Sook,Park, Eun Sung,Kaseb, Ahmed,Kim, Baek Hui,Kim, Wan Bae,Yeon, Jong Eun,Byun, Kwan Soo,C Public Library of Science 2014 PLoS medicine Vol.11 No.12

<▼1><P>In this study, Lee and colleagues develop a genomic predictor that can identify patients at high risk for late recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and provided new biomarkers for risk stratification.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Typically observed at 2 y after surgical resection, late recurrence is a major challenge in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to develop a genomic predictor that can identify patients at high risk for late recurrence and assess its clinical implications.</P><P><B>Methods and Findings</B></P><P>Systematic analysis of gene expression data from human liver undergoing hepatic injury and regeneration revealed a 233-gene signature that was significantly associated with late recurrence of HCC. Using this signature, we developed a prognostic predictor that can identify patients at high risk of late recurrence, and tested and validated the robustness of the predictor in patients (<I>n = </I>396) who underwent surgery between 1990 and 2011 at four centers (210 recurrences during a median of 3.7 y of follow-up). In multivariate analysis, this signature was the strongest risk factor for late recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–3.7; <I>p</I> = 0.002). In contrast, our previously developed tumor-derived 65-gene risk score was significantly associated with early recurrence (<I>p</I> = 0.005) but not with late recurrence (<I>p</I> = 0.7). In multivariate analysis, the 65-gene risk score was the strongest risk factor for very early recurrence (<1 y after surgical resection) (hazard ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.6; <I>p</I> = 0.01). The potential significance of <I>STAT3</I> activation in late recurrence was predicted by gene network analysis and validated later. We also developed and validated 4- and 20-gene predictors from the full 233-gene predictor. The main limitation of the study is that most of the patients in our study were hepatitis B virus–positive. Further investigations are needed to test our prediction models in patients with different etiologies of HCC, such as hepatitis C virus.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Two independently developed predictors reflected well the differences between early and late recurrence of HCC at the molecular level and provided new biomarkers for risk stratification.</P><P><I>Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary</I></P></▼2><▼3><P><B>Editors' Summary</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Primary liver cancer—a tumor that starts when a liver cell acquires genetic changes that allow it to grow uncontrollably—is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, killing more than 600,000 people annually. If hepatocellular cancer (HCC; the most common type of liver cancer) is diagnosed in its early stages, it can be treated by surgically removing part of the liver (resection), by liver transplantation, or by local ablation, which uses an electric current to destroy the cancer cells. Unfortunately, the symptoms of HCC, which include weight loss, tiredness, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), are vague and rarely appear until the cancer has spread throughout the liver. Consequently, HCC is rarely diagnosed before the cancer is advanced and untreatable, and has a poor prognosis (likely outcome)—fewer than 5% of patients survive for five or more years after diagnosis. The exact cause of HCC is unclear, but chronic liver (hepatic) injury and inflammation (caused, for example, by infection with hepatitis B virus [HBV] or by alcohol abuse) promote tumor development.</P><P><B>Why Was This Study Done?</B></P><P>Even when it is diagnosed early, HCC has a poor prognosis because it often recurs. Patients treated for HCC can experience two distinct types of tumor recurrence. Early recurrence, which usually happens within the first two years after surg

The Efficacy of Cone-Beam CT–Based Liver Perfusion Mapping to Predict Initial Response of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Transarterial Chemoembolization

Kim, Kyung Ah,Choi, Sun Young,Kim, Min Uk,Baek, Seung Yon,Park, Sang Hui,Yoo, Kwon,Kim, Tae Hun,Kim, Hwi Young Elsevier 2019 JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY Vol.30 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>To evaluate efficacy of cone-beam CT–based liver perfusion mapping obtained immediately following conventional transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for assessing tumor vascularity, technical success of chemoembolization, and treatment response.</P> <P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P> <P>From July 2015 to June 2016, 35 patients with 57 HCCs who underwent cone-beam CT with post-processing software via conventional transarterial chemoembolization for HCC and follow-up examination were included. Three reviewers evaluated technical success on angiography, unenhanced cone-beam CT, contrast-enhanced cone-beam CT, and cone-beam CT–based liver perfusion mapping after transarterial chemoembolization per tumor and per patient. Parenchymal blood volume (PBV) was measured. Treatment response was determined on follow-up CT, MR imaging, or histopathology according to modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors. Diagnostic performance for detection of a viable tumor was evaluated using multiple logistic regression with C-statistics.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Treatment response was 38, 17, 2, and 0 for complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease per tumor and 18, 15, 2, and 0 per patient. In multiple logistic regression, unenhanced cone-beam CT, contrast-enhanced cone-beam CT, cone-beam CT–based liver perfusion mapping, mean value of PBV, and maximum value of PBV of tumor were significant in response assessment for per tumor and per patient (per tumor, all <I>P</I> < .001; per patient, <I>P</I> = .015, <I>P</I> = .001, <I>P</I> < .001, <I>P</I> = .020, and <I>P</I> = .032). Mean value of PBV of tumor was excellent for evaluating technical success with the highest C-statistic (0.880 and 0.920 for per tumor and per patient), followed by that of visual assessment of cone-beam CT–based liver perfusion mapping (0.864 and 0.908).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Cone-beam CT–based liver perfusion mapping provided reliable images to evaluate technical success after transarterial chemoembolization of HCC by qualitative visual assessment and quantitative perfusion values.</P>

Ginsenoside $Rg_5$, A Genuine Dammarane Glycoside from Korean Red Ginseng

Kim, Shin-Il,Park, Jeong-Hill,Ryu, Jae-Ha,Park, Jong-Dae,Lee, You-Hui,Park, Jae-Hyun,Kim, Tae-Hee,Kim, Jong-Moon,Baek, Nam-In The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1996 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.19 No.6

A genuine dammarane glycoside, named ginsenoside $Rg_{5}$, has been isolated by repeated column chromatography and preparative HPLC from the MeOH extract of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). The chemical structure of ginsenoside$ Rg_{5}$ was determined as $3-O-[{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl (1{\rightarrow}2)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl]$ dammar-20(22), $24-diene-3{\beta},12{\beta}-diol$ by spectral and chemical methods. The stereostructure of a double bond at C-20(22) of ginsenoside $Rg_{5}$ was characterized as (E) from the chemical shift of C-21 in the $^{13}C-NMR $and a NOESY experiment in the $^{1}H-NMR$.

Definition and classification, debate about staging of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma

Baek-hui Kim(김백희) 대한외과학회 2014 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.11

Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KRS) expression in gastric carcinoma and tumor-associated inflammation.

Kim, Baek-Hui,Jung, Woon Yong,Lee, Hyunjoo,Kang, Youngran,Jang, You-Jin,Hong, Soon Won,Jeong, Hyeong-Jae,Yoon, Sun Och Raven Press 2014 Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol.21 No.6

<P>Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KRS) is an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) that is essential for protein synthesis during ligation of specific amino acids to their cognate tRNAs. Aberrant expression of ARSs is associated with various human cancers.</P>

Human Skin Safety Test of Green Tea Cell Extracts in Condition of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Kim, Hyun-Kyu,Choi, Sun-Young,Chang, Hui-Kyoung,Baek, Seok-Yun,Chung, Jin-Oh,Rha, Chan-Su,Kim, Beom-Joon,Kim, Myeung-Nam Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2012 Toxicological Research Vol.28 No.2

Various kinds of positive effects of green tea extracts had been studied for long time which included anti-inflammation, anti-aging, and cardiometabolic effects. Although topical steroid and non-steroidal calcineurin inhibitors may control clinical symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis, some of patients also present allergic reaction to these topical agents. Therefore, we have tried green tea extracts for managing this skin disorder with expectation of anti-inflammatory effect without potential side effects including skin irritation and toxic responses. The toxicity test of green tea extract also did not show any sign of irritation in the skin throughout the test period. Moderate severity of allergic contact dermatitis presented satisfactory clinical outcome at second week follow-up which was final visit of outpatient. This result mean that green tea extract has a positive effect for managing allergic contact dermatitis but its potency and efficacy seem to be so not strong enough to control moderate severity allergy skin lesion. In this pilot study, we were able to conclude that green tea cell extracts might be applied for potential anti-inflammatory soaking without skin toxicity.

CpG island hypermethylation and repetitive DNA hypomethylation in premalignant lesion of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Kim, Baek-hui,Cho, Nam-Yun,Shin, So Hyun,Kwon, Hyeong-Ju,Jang, Ja June,Kang, Gyeong Hoon Springer-Verlag 2009 Virchows Archiv Vol.455 No.4

Research articles : Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis Associated with Malassezia sympodialis by Green Tea Extracts Bath Therapy: A Pilot Study

( Hyun Kyu Kim ),( Hui Kyoung Chang ),( Seok Yun Baek ),( Jin Oh Chung ),( Chan Su Rha ),( So Young Kim ),( Beom Joon Kim ),( Myeung Nam Kim ) 한국균학회 2012 Mycobiology Vol.40 No.2

Multiple treatment modalities, including topical and systemic corticosteroid and phototherapy, have been used in treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis. However, long-term corticosteroid therapy may have various adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of bath therapy using green tea extracts for treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis. A total of four patients with atopic dermatitis were enrolled in this study. A Malassezia multiplex detection kit was used in performance of multiplex PCR on clinical isolates, which confirmed Malassezia sympodialis. Subjects underwent treatment with bath therapy using green tea extracts three times per wk for a period of 4 wk. Assessment using the scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index, the visual analogue scale for pruritus, and transepidermal water loss was performed weekly. Laboratory tests were performed before and after treatment. All patients showed marked improvement on the mean SCORAD and visual analogue scale, and a significant decrease in the mean values of serum eosinophil counts was observed after treatment. Bath therapy with green tea extract is an effective, safe, and nonsteroidal therapy for treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis associated with Malassezia sympodialis.