http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
이영자 대구보건대학 1994 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.14 No.-
In order that an individual adapt satisfactorily in rapidly changing society, it cannot be emphasized too much on necessities of old man because of limitations of the existing formal system of education and Alienation. Under such circumstances, awordingly the objectives of this study were to the contemporary society and old man problems and related over all status. This study was poceeded in the order of liteature review, collection and classification of data and preparation of report. The educational topics/contents in old man problem consisted of following variables : old man welfare policy, old man welfare measures. Each of these was again sub-divided by 3 measures as "for self-improvement", "for self-fulfilment" and "for adjustment to and participation in social activitives". Based on the results of this research the following suggestions are made for educators/facilitators, administrators and policy makers for old man problems. First, besides providing wilder public information base on the man welfare problems, the educational opportunity for continuing education should be provided to more adult, particularly for the female, the aged the rual residents and the group with lower income and educational attainment levels. Second, the old man's educational needs on the management and methods in continuing education, should be considered in the practices of education and in policy-making particulary for designing educational programs.
이영자,이정욱 대한어린이교육협회 2010 어린이교육 Vol.- No.12
학습자 중심의 교육과정 운영을 위해서는 통합적 교육과정 운영, 사려 깊은 지도, 능동 적 학습, 반영적 전이(transfer), 권위적 평가 등 다섯 가지 교육적 실천이 고려되어야 한다 (Fogarty, 1995). 통합교육과정(integrated curriculum)은 여러 교과와 생활 영역이 의미있게 연결되어 통합교육이 이루어지도록 주제를 중심으로 관련된 내용 및 활동을 재구성한 교육 과정을 말한다(이영자, 2002). Ingram(1979)은 교육과정 통합의 기능을 인식론적 기능, 심리학적 기능, 사회적 기능으 로 나누어 교육과정 통합의 필요와 정당성을 설명하고 있다. 인식론적 기능으로서는 지식 의 폭증현상에 대비하여 여러 다른 지식 영역들을 서로 관계시킬 필요와 학습의 목적 및 의 미 부여를 위해서 교육과정통합은 큰 기능을 할 수 있다는 것이다. 심리학적 기능으로서는 학습을 용이하게 해주고 학습을 통한 인격발달을 돕는다는 점을 특히 강조하고 있다. 사회 적 기능으로는 구성원 상호간의 긴밀한 인간적인 관계를 갖는 교실 분위기를 조성 할 수 있 다는 것, 다학문적 접근을 필요로 하는 사회문제를 다룰 수 있게 된다는 것, 그리고 유아교 육기관과 사회를 연결시킬 수 있다는 장점을 들고 있다.
이영자 (사)율곡학회 2022 율곡학연구 Vol.49 No.-
This study discusses how the Yeongnam Toegye School recognized and responded to the critical glance sent by Yulgok to Toegye from two perspectives, exclusion and inclusion. First, from the aspects of exclusion, this author examines Lee Hyun-il’s fury and exclusive view about the Yulgok School as he regarded the Toegye School to be superior. This is because he considered the criticism of the Yulgok school as a threat to the academic and political status of the Toegye School. Next, although Lee Sang-jeong, too, criticized the Yulgok School placing the Toegye School above that, he maintained rather an objective view and responded to the Yulgok School from the perspective of difference, not discrimination. Meanwhile, in the aspects of inclusion, both Jang Hyun-kwang and Jeong Gyeong-se tried to approach the Toegye and Yulgok School rather fairly, from which we can find out about their standpoint to acknowledge the positions of both. The two scholars both still thought the Toegye School superior; however, Jang Hyun-kwang maintained a balanced view even to deny Toegye’s Hobal-seol and Jeong Gyeong-se paid respect to the opponents. From this, we can see that they showed matureness in reaction to it while respecting and accepting the opponents grounded on their own strong view of truth rather than blinded protection or criticism. Since all of them were affiliated to the Toegye School, it is undeniable that they put more emphasis on Toegye’s position. Also, we cannot overlook the fact that most of the scholars of the Toegye School in Yeongnam were in conflict with the Yulgok School through anger and exclusion. However, this method of exclusion and inclusion used by the Toegye School for reaction does greatly contribute to recognizing and establishing the identity of the Toegye School. In this way, the aspects of conflict bring anger and pain, but mutual criticism and checks rather allowed the theories of the Toegye School to be organized and diversified more logically and led to variations in ideas. 본 논문은 율곡이 퇴계에게 던진 비판적 시선에 영남 퇴계학파들이 어떻게 율곡학을 인식하고 응전하였는지를 배제와 포용의 두 가지 시선이라는 측면에서 논의해 보았다. 먼저 배제의 시선에서는 퇴계학을 우위에 두고 율곡학에 대한 이현일의 분노와 배타적 시선을 살펴보았다. 이것은 율곡학파의 비판을 퇴계학의 학적, 정치적 위상에 대한 위협으로 여겼기 때문이다. 다음으로 이상정 또한 퇴계학을 우위에 두고 율곡학을 비판하고 있지만, 비교적 객관적 시선을 유지하며 차별보다는 차이의 관점에서 율곡학에 응전하고 있었다. 반면 포용의 시선에서는 장현광과 정경세 모두 퇴계학과 율곡학을 비교적 동등한 입장에서 접근하고 상호간의 관점을 인정하려는 시선을 엿볼 수 있었다. 두 학자 모두 여전히 퇴계학을 우위에 두고 있었지만, 장현광의 퇴계의 호발설을 부정할 만큼의 균형잡힌 시선과 정경세의 상대에 대한 존중의 시선을 통해 맹목적 수호와 비판보다는 자신의 투철한 진리관을 통해 상대방을 존중하고 인정하는 성숙한 응전의 시선을 확인할 수 있었다. 이들은 모두 퇴계학파이기 때문에 퇴계의 입장을 우위에 둔 것은 부인할 수 없는 사실이다. 그리고 영남 퇴계학파들 대부분이 분노와 배제의 시선으로 율곡학파와 갈등을 겪었음도 간과할 수 없다. 그러나 이러한 배제와 포용이라는 퇴계학파의 응전 방식은 퇴계학의 정체성을 인식하고 확립시켜 나가는 데 큰 기여를 한다. 이렇듯 갈등의 시선은 분노와 고통을 안겨주지만, 상호 비판과 견제가 오히려 퇴계학의 이론을 더욱 논리정연하게 정리하고 다변화될 수 있게 하였으며, 다양한 사상의 변주를 가져오게 할 수 있었다.
이영자 대한보건협회 1987 대한보건연구 Vol.13 No.2
The goal of long-term care is not to cure the patient, but rather to improve or maintain the individual functional ability. The condition of long-term care patient's includes chronic disabilities, injuries due to accidents, mental retardation and illness, congenital disabling disease, and other defects. Estimate of the proportion of the population that needs long-term care are difficult and vary depending on the nature or type of services included. Chronic illness, functional impairment, and advancing age are directly related to the need for long-term care. Demographic trends in the 65 and over age group are of particular importance, because members of this age group are five times more likely to be functionally disabled than the general population. The increase in the aged population is important in determining kind and method of long-term care, because the prevalence of chronic disease and impairment increase with age. The elderly are the fastest growing layer of our population. This special population group has special health care needs, and most of these needs are nursing needs that require and respond to the unique skills of nurses. The present health care delivery system has impeded the use of qualified nurses in care of the elderly. As health care providers, nurses focus on abilities rather than disabilities; on health rather than diseases; on the well elderly as well as the frail. The nurse must assist the elderly in achieving and maintaining a level of wellness and quality of life consistent with the limitations that may be imposed by the aging process or by acute and/or chronic illness. The scope of gerontological nursing practice includes; · assessing the client's health status : · monitoring chronic health care needs ; · planning and providing care to meet the physical, psychosocial, and recreational needs of each individual ; · evaluating all aspects of the individual's health care on a continuous basis ; · improving health status by non-pharmacological intervention ; · identifying and coordinating services of other health care providers ; · providing health teaching to the client and family ; · collaborating with and making referrals to nurses in specialty practice and to other health care professionals ; · advocating community services and providing consultation to community services organizations Appropriate utilization of nursing in providing health care services to growing elderly population is the most cost-effective response to a mounting public concern for its responsibility for safe and accessible health care for the elderly. Nurses comprise the most available ones and one of the best resources in health care system. Nurses are the one group of providers who can make a difference in the cost of services to the elderly and in the quality and appropriateness of the care they receive. When the health care needs of the elderly are appropriately met.... through wellness care, health teaching, and prevention of disease and disability....these clients will require fewer drugs, less high-tech intervention. Accordingly, it is needs to produce gerontological nurse of high quality to provide longterm care for the elderly. To satify this demand, we need the following requirements. 1. We must adopt "Gerontological Nursing" as a separate subject among the compulsory subjects of undergraduate or graduate courses. 2. We must make a gerontological nursing text which can provide a better educational goal and practice. 3. We must produce faculty members who can teach the course with efficiency.
이영자 한국철학사연구회 2007 한국 철학논집 Vol.0 No.21
Acceptance and Development of Sung Confucianism of Yulgok in Kiho School / Lee Young-Ja 본고에서는 기호학파에 있어서 율곡성리학의 수용과 전개양상을 밝히고자 한다. 기호학파에서의 율곡성리학은 계승발전전개로 구분할 수 있다.‘栗谷性理學의 繼承’에서는 율곡직계인 김장생, 송시열, 한원진을 중심으로 이들이 율곡의 학설을 비판하기보다는 계승하면서 율곡을 보완하는 데에 치중하고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 다음으로 李柬과 韓元鎭의 人物性同異論은 ‘栗谷性理學의 發展’적 면모로서, 이 논쟁에서 한원진은 栗谷의 理通氣局을 氣의 적극성으로 理를 보려 하였고, 이간은 理의 독자성으로 氣를 이해하려고 하였던 것이다. 끝으로 ‘栗谷性理學의 展開’는 ‘畿湖 折衷派의 批判的 繼承과 展開’, ‘主理論的 전개’, ‘主氣論的 전개’로 나눌 수 있다. 조익, 조성기, 전우를 중심으로 한 기호 절충파들은 존재론에서는 율곡의 氣發理乘一途를 수용하여 현상을 설명하면서도, 그로 인해 약화된 도덕적 가치를 강화하기 위해 퇴계의 互發說도 수용하였다. 이항로와 기정진의 주리론적 전개에서 이항로는 현실세계에서 약화된 理를 강화시키기 위한 방안으로 理氣共發을 주장하였던 반면, 기정진은 氣를 理에 포함시키고, 分殊를 理一에 포함시키는 理體理用의 理一分殊의 논리로 일관하고 있어, 율곡성리학보다 主理的으로 극단화되었다. 주기론적 전개의 대표자인 임성주는 ‘理氣同實 心性一致’를 목표로 하는데, 이는 율곡에 비해 보다 현실화되고 실재화된 인간과 자연의 이해라는 점에서 특징적이다.이와 같이 율곡성리학은 여러 기호유학자들에 의해 다양하게 전승되고 계승되었다. 율곡성리학은 기호성리학의 다양한 전개에 있어 그 준거 및 전제가 되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 기호유학사에 있어서의 율곡의 위상이 매우 크고 높다는 것을 보여주는 것이다.
녹차 , 우롱차 및 홍차의 일반성분 , 아미노산 , 비타민류 , 카테킨류 및 알카로이드류의 성분분석에 관한 연구
이영자,안명수,홍기형 한국식품위생안전성학회 1998 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.13 No.4
This study was carried out to measure the contents of moisture, crude ash, crude fat, total amino acid, with amino acid composition, vitamin C, β-carotene, vitamin E, total catechins, EGCG, EGC, ECG, EC, GA, caffeine, theobromine and theophylline of the green tea I, II, III, oolong, and black tea. The content of crude fat of green tea I, II, III, oolong, and black teas was 1.1, 2.5, 4.9, 0.8 and 1.2% respectively, total amino acid content was 0.87, 0.78, 0.60, 0.63 and 1.05% respectively, and theanine content was 0.52, 0.48, 0.31, 0.41 and 0.61%, respectively. Total amino acid content of green tea increased in the order of green tea I $gt; green tea II $gt; green tea III, and among the teas, the content of theanine was the highest in the amino acids present. The content of vitamin C of green teal, II, III, oolong, and black tea was 101.6, 87.5, 95.9, 99.1 and 108.0 mg%, respectively, β-carotene content was 270, 268, 481, 80 and 181 ppm, respectively. Among the α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol, the content of α-tocopherol was the highest in vitamin E present, and β- and δ-tocopherol were not detected in the samples of green teal, II, III, oolong, and black teas. The total catechins of green teal, II, III, oolong, and black teas was 10.5, 10.4, 7.2, 8.4 and 1.8% respectively, and among them, EGCG content was the highest. The content of EGC increased in the order of green tea I $gt; green tea III $gt; green tea II $gt; oolong tea $gt; black tea. The contents EGCG and ECG increased in the order of oolong tea $gt; green tea I $gt; green tea II $gt; green tea III $gt; black tea, and the highest contents of EGCG and ECG were observed in the samples of oolong tea. The content of GA was 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.13 and 0.31%, respectively, and the highest contents of GA, caffeine and theobromine were observed in the sample of black tea. The highest content of theophylline, however, was observed in the sample of green tea I.