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무면허·음주운전 면책약관의 효력과 그 문제점에 대한 검토
이용석 한국보험학회 2002 保險學會誌 Vol.63 No.-
자동차 보험에 있어서 무면허 음주운전 면책약관에 대하여는 지금까지 많은 논의가 있어왔다. 그 중에서도 특히 자기신체사고편에 있어서 무면허운전과 음주운전의 사고를 免責으로 할 것이냐 또는 負責으로 할 것이냐에 대하여 학계에서는 대체로 免責으로 주장해 왔으나 사법부에서는 負責으로 판결하여 이에 대한 논란은 지금까지 계속되고 있다. 학계에서 몇분의 학자들이 주장하는 내용을 살펴보면 무면허·음주운전은 도로교통법상의 범법행위로서 적법하지 아니한 보험사고이므로 보험보호의 대상에서 제외해야 한다는 것이다. 따라서 적법하지 아니한 보험사고에 대하여 보험금을 지급함은 범죄행위를 조장하는 행위임은 물론 보험의 기본원리에 반한다는 것이다. 그러나 사법부의 판단은 실정법으로 존재하는 상법 제732조의 2의 규정과 제739조 그리고 상법 제 663조의 규정을 무면허·음주운전 면책약관에 적용할 경우 그것은 무효라는 것이다. 그 이유는 현행상법 제732조의 2의 규정에 의해 인보험에 있어서는 중과실에 대한 보험자의 면책이 불가함에도 불구하고 인보험의 상해보험에 해당하는 자기 신체사고 보험에서 중과실인 음주운전을 약관에 의해 면책함은 약관의 규정이 상법의 규정을 위반했기 때문에 무효라는 것이다. 따라서 본 논문은 이러한 양론의 논리의 타당성을 비교 검토해보고 그에 대한 문제점을 지적해 보고자 한다. Active discussion concerning the exemption clause in automobile insurance has been ongoing, especially, for accidents involving personal injury. Whether to exempt insurance companies from liabilities for unlicensed motorists or drunk drivers, or hold them liable has been an issue. The academic circle in general has supported exemption, while the judiciary has given decisions that hold them liable. The disagreement over this issue still continues. Leading scholars in this area assert that an accident caused by an unlicensed motorist, or a drunk driver, is a criminal activity in violation of traffic law and should not be covered by automobile insurance. Accordingly, insurance payment for accidents caused by unlawful activities not only encourages illegal activities but also violates the basic principles of insurance. However, the judiciary insist that the clause exempting liabilities for accidents caused by an unlicensed motorist or a drunk driver is invalid based on Clause 2 of Article 732 and Article 663 of current Commercial Law. According to Clause 2 of Article 732 of current Commercial Law, an insurance company cannot be exempt from liability for bodily injury insurance on the grounds it is the insureds fault. Exempting liability for drunk driving in personal injury insurance, which corresponds to accident insurance for bodily injury, is invalid, as the clause is in violation of the provisions of commercial law. This study reviews and compares the validity of the arguments made by both sides and points out their problems.
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수질모델의 시스템 분석기법을 이용한 송지호의 수질관리방안 연구
이용석,김동진 한국자연보호학회 2012 한국자연보호학회지 Vol.6 No.2
Songji lagoon, one of the major lagoons located along the East coast, is considered to be worth preserving because of its good water quality. To consider ways to manage the water quality of Songji lagoon, this study was conducted by employing the analysis technique for system analysis of the water quality model. This study used WASP model which is a model with hydraulic part and water quality part combined. The model for Songji lagoon used the same value as the coefficients of water quality reaction used for Hwajinpo model. And it was revised and verified with the water quality measured in Songji lagoon. The spatial concentration of water quality of Songji lagoon and Hwajin po exhibited different distribution respectively, yet showing a similar characteristic in physical and water side structure. The major water quality items used in system analysis are BOD, limiting nutrients (N, P). The principal conditions reflected the system analysis are an increase or decrease of Allochthonous pollution load and removal of sediment. The study results show that the water quality of Songji lagoon is considerably changed more in sediment than Allochthonous pollution load. Especially, the management of Nonpoint pollution due to a temporary rainfall is more important among allochthonous pollution load.
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정상인에서 Nalbuphine HCI 과 Morphine 정주가 이산화탄소반응곡선에 미치는 영향
이용석,함병문 대한마취과학회 1990 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.23 No.4
To compare the respiratory depressant effect of nalbuphine and morphine, six healthy male volunteers (mean age 26 yr) were given the nalbuphine at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg and morphine at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg intravenously, at intervals of 2 weeks in a double-blind laboratory study. Respiratory depression was monitored by ventilatory responses during CO₂ rebreathing at 1 min, 30 min, 60 min and 90 min after injection. The displacement (mean intercept at P_(et)_(co2) 60 mmHg) and the slope of the linear relationship between minute ventilation with P_(et)_(co2) were measured, There were no significant differences in the slope and the displacement of CO₂ response curve between nalbuphine group and morphine group. Also, no significant differences in the slope and the displacement among 1 min, 30 min, 60 min and 90 min after injection of nalbuphine and morphine were noted. These findings demonstrate that the respiratory depressant effect of nalbuphine in similar to morphine at equianalgesic dose, and occurs within 10 min, and coinues more than 90 min.
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이용석,권헌영,황석중 한국국방연구원 2017 국방정책연구 Vol.33 No.1
It is globally acknowledged that cyber space is now one of many kinds of battlefield and every nation is now considering the establishment of cyber force. Germany, the leading country of the EU, has also admitted the cyber space as a battlefield, and is now aiming to create cyber force by April 2017. One outstanding point is that Germany is mobilizing the entire governmental department and bureau and even civil corporations to establish it`s cyber force. The Republic of Korea has already created cyber force in 2010. However, it does not possess a national-level combined cyber defense capability to encounter national- level cyber crisis. On top of that, it does not possess national CISO to flexibly cope with cyber attacks. Thereupon, we are going to examine what the ROK`s cyber force lacks and what needs to be imported by reviewing the contents of Germany`s cyber force establishment plan.
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이용석,유주순,정수열,박춘수,최용락,Lee, Yong-Seok,Yoo, Ju-Soon,Chung, Soo-Yeol,Park, Choon-Soo,Choi, Yong-Lark 한국응용생명화학회 2003 한국농화학회지 Vol.46 No.1
본 연구는 폐수 중의 질소 제거를 위한 생물학적 처리용 미생물 개발을 위한 목적으로 질소의 산화 능력이 뛰어난 균주를 분리하였다. 분리된 세균 중에서 질소 산화능과 생육 속도가 뛰어난 CH-N 균주를 선별하였으며, 생리, 생화학적 특성 조사에 의해 Bacillus sp로 추정되어 Bacillus sp. CH-N이라 명명하였다. 분리 균주는 0.5% glucose가 포함된 초기 pH가 7,0인 암모니아 및 아질산성 질소 함유 배지에서 30시간 배양 후 각각 85%와 90%의 암모니아성과 아질산성 질소의 감소율을 나타내었다. 폐수 및 생활하수에 분리 균주를 이용한 결과, 수질 속의 암모니아성 질소가 단시간에 크게 감소시키는 효과를 확인하였다. 균주를 고정시킨 담체의 질소산화 효과를 시험하고자 Bacillus sp. CH-N을 고정시킨 세라믹 담체를 이용한 결과, 배양 2일 후에는 암모니아성 질소가 전부 제거되었다. Abstract: In order to improve the system for biological nitrogen oxidizing process in sewage and wastewater, a bacterium having high abilities to oxidize of nitrogen was isolated from wastewater and polluted soils. The strain was identified to Bacillus sp. CH-N, based on the physiological and biochemical properties. Characteristics and oxidizing ability of both ammonia and nitrite were examined for the strain, Bacillus sp. CH-N. The strain showed the oxidizing rate about 80% to 90% on the sewage and wastewater after 48 h culture. The nitrogen oxidizing rate was increased in proportion to the initial concentration of glucose. The microorganism, Bacillus sp. CH-N cell immobilized on ceramic carrier were evaluated for the oxidation of ammonia in culture media.
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