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전치 유도각의 인위적 증가에 의한 저작근과 하악 운동 양상의 변화에 대한 연구
이용식,최대균,최부병 慶熙大學校 齒科大學 1995 慶熙齒大論文集 Vol.17 No.2
This study' was performed to measure the changes of the mandibular movement and the masticatory muscular activities anterior temporal and masseter muscle of both side - reflected by intentional increase of anterior guidance angle. For this study, 5 volunteers (3 males and 2 females with average age of 24.0) were selected. Each volunteer had Angle's classification I and did not have any missing tooth except third molar and any extensive restorations. Metallic guide plate was made at volunteer's working model fabricated by improved dental stone and cemented to the palatal surface of maxillary central incisor using resin cement(Panavia 21�) and then adjusted not to give any occlusal interferences at intercuspal position. The activity of masticatory muscles and the changes of mandibular movement were recorded by EMG and Sirognathograph in Biopak analysing system(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA). Measurement was done at before experiment, irnmediatley after placement, 1 week after placement, immediately after removal, and 1 week after removal. The results were as follows: 1. Moderate phonetic disturbance and mild headache were occured to 3 volunteers for 2 days after setting and l volunteer had positive reaction to percussion and slight midline diastema. But all of these clinical signs were diappeared 1 week after removal and the other volunteer did not have any special clinical sign. 2. In the EMG of the mandibular rest position, the mean value of anterior tempotal muscle was increased immediately after placement(p<0.01) and then decreased 1 week after placement(p<0.05) and increased 1 week after removal(p<0.05) but not recovered as before experiment. The mean value of masseter muscle was decreased during the experiment period: 3. In the EMG during mandibular protrusive movement, all muscular activity was decreased during the experiment period. Reduced activity was not recovered I week after? removal(p<0.05). 4. During the habitual opening, anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased immediately after place ment(p<0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not statistically significant(p>0.1). Vertical movement was not shown significant difference during the experiment period(p>0.1). Lateral movement was decreased immediately after placement(p<:0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not recovered as before experiment. The opening and closing velocity of mandible was shown minor changes but not statistically significant. 5. During the habitual opening, anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased 1 week after placement(p<0.(6) and then increased immediately after removal and recovered 1 week after removal as before experiment. Vertical movement was not shown significant changes. Lateral displacement of mandible was increased continuously and recovered 1 week after removal. Opening velocity was temporarily increased immediately after removal but recovered and closing velocity was not shown significant changes. 6. During the right side chewing, anteroposterior movement of mandible was increased immediately after removal but recovered and vertical movement was not shown statistically significant results. Lateral displacement and velocity o mandible were not shown significant results. 7. During the left side chewing, the changes of mandibular movement pattern were not shown statistically significant results.
무형문화재 기록화 사업의 새로운 접근 -기악독주음악 종목을 중심으로-
이용식 국립무형유산원 2021 무형유산 Vol.- No.10
The documentation of the holders of intangible cultural heritage is a valuable task since it records the person who has preserved and transmitted intangible cultural heritage. The life history of the holder is not only the personal life history but also the history of the art world who transmit it. This paper examines the previous documentation of the holders of National Intangible Cultural Heritage and suggests the advisable methods in the future documentation. First, the documentation has to focus on the general public not on the experts of the field. It should record the history and distinctive characteristics of the field and the life and art world of the holder. It is desirable to contain broad and easy understanding, not the deep and academic knowledge. It should not include the subjective view and scholarly argument of the writer but the universal terms and theory that are accepted among the scholars of the field. Second, the documentation should focus on the ‘living’ culture that is performed in these days. The various musical activities of the holder should be recorded. Third, the documentation should exhibit the whole life and music of the holder. The musician shows his life through the music and his/her music should be recorded as a whole. Ultimately, the documentation should show the artistic beauty of the traditional music in an ultra-macro point of view for globalization. In these days, the documentation of the glocal culture is the most effective way to show the precious traditional music to the world. 무형문화재 기예능보유자의 기록화 사업은 무형문화를 보존 및 전승하는 인간에 대한 기록으로서의 가치를갖는다. 기예능보유자의 생애사는 단순히 한 인물의 생애사가 아니라 그가 전승하고 있는 예술세계의 역사이기도 하다. 이 글은 국가무형문화재 음악 분야 중 기악독주음악 종목을 중심으로 기록화 사업에 대한 기존 성과의 점검과 향후의 새로운 방향성을 제시하고자 한 것이다. 첫째, 기록화 사업은 해당 종목의 전승자와 전문가를 위한 지침서가 되면서도 일반인을 대상으로 해당 종목의 역사와 특징, 그리고 예능보유자의 삶과 예술세계에 대해 기록해야 한다. 해당 종목에 대한 심오하고 학문적 지식도 담아야 하겠지만, 일반인들을 위한 얕고 넓은 지식을 저간으로 해야 한다. 글쓴이의 주관적인 견해와 학문적 지식이 아닌, 학계에서 보편적으로 받아들여지는 용어와 이론으로 서술해야 한다. 둘째, 해당 종목의 전통성과 역사성을 담아야 하는 동시에 살아 숨 쉬는 ‘현재’의 모습을 담아야 한다. 예능보유자가 만들어가는 현재의 다양한 음악이 기록되어져야 한다. 셋째, 예능보유자의 예술성을 온전히 보여줄 수 있는 기록이되어야 한다. 음악가는 말이 아니라 음악으로 그의 인생을 보여주기 때문에 예능보유자의 현재의 음악을 온전하게 담아야 한다. 이런 점에서 기록영상은 해당 종목의 음악 완판을 담는 것이 바람직하다. 궁극적으로 기록화 사업은 전통문화의 세계화를 위하여 초거시적 시각에서 우리 문화의 우수성을 담아야한다. 글로컬(Glocal) 문화를 기록하는 작업이 우리 문화의 우수성을 알리고 후세에 전승하는 가장 효과적인사업일 것이다.
대물변제예약 부동산의 이중매매와 배임죄의 형사불법적 구조 -배임죄 해석의 나아갈 방향에 대한 논란- -배임죄에 대한 과도한 제한해석의 우려- -배임죄의 핵심 코어에 관하여-
이용식 한국형사판례연구회 2015 刑事判例硏究 Vol.23 No.-
Die Trennung von Eigentum und Verwaltung kennzeichnet die moderne Wirtschaft. Durch das Auseinanderfallen von Eigentumszuständigkeit und Vermögensverwaltung ist die ungetreute Vermögensverwaltung und damit die Regelung der Untreue das charakteristische Wirtschaftsdelikt. Weder in der Common Law noch im Code Penal von 1810 wurde ein allgemeines Konzept der Untreue entwickelt. Das relativ spät entstandene deutsche Strafgesetzbuch von 1871 hat dagegen einen erstaunlich modernen Straftatbestand der Untereue geschaffen. Das japanische Strafgesetzbuch hat dieses deutsches Modell rezipiert und ihm eine abstrahierende Fassung gegeben. Neben dieser Moderniserung im Abstraktionsgrad hat das kStGB im Tatbestand sowohl Vermögensschaden als auch Vermögensvorteil verlangt. Damit hat das kStGB die in der Welt am höchsten entwickelte gesetzliche Regelung. Das Vertrauen im Sinne der Untreue ist nicht individuelles Vertrauen in Redlichkeit. Dieses Vertrauen bezieht sich das Vertrauen in das Wirtschaftssystem und ihr eigenen Handlungslogiken, denen zu entsprechen von dem Vermögensbetreuer erwartet wird. Dem Vermögensbetreuer wird besondere Macht über das Vermögen des Vermögensinhabers gegeben. So vertraut der Vermögensinhaber darauf, dass sein Vermögen gemäß der wirtschaftlichen Handlungslogik betreut wird. In der Untreue sieht man eine Machtstellung über das fremdes Vermögen. Priatautonomie ist keine isolierte, sondern eine im Wirtschaftssystem in der Gesellschaft. Der Vermögensbetreuer benuzt den Vermögensinhaber als seinen Werkzeug. Er missbraucht seine besonsere Macht und siene überlegene Stellung. Die Plenarentscheidung vom koreanichen Obersten Gerichtshof (́kOGH) hat anders als früher den Schuldner freigesprochen, der die Immobilien im Vorvertrag auf Annahme an Erfüllungs- statt für Forderungssicherung doppelt an Dritten verkauft. Sie begründet damit, dass in diesem Vorvertrag die Leistung an Erfüllungssicherung kein Geschäft des Gläubigers, sondern das Geschäft des Schuldner selbst. Daran scheitert die Untreue. Im Bereich des eigentlichen Doppelverkauf der Immobilien bejaht der kOGH noch die Untreue. Nach dem kOGH sei die Struktur zwischen beiden Verträgen anders. Die zivilrechtliche Struktur zwischen beiden muss anders sein. Aber die strafrechtliche Unrechtstruktur der Untreue ist m.E. als gleich bejaht angesehen. Der jederzeitige Zugriff auf das Vermögen eines anderen ist von Rechts wegen eröffnet. Das Zivilrecht wird hier geradezu zum Vehikel der Tatbegehung. Der Gläubiger hat sein Vermögen in die Herrschaft des Schuldners gegeben. Der strafrechtliche Schutz wird dadurch ausgelöst. Das ist keine bloße Verletzung einer schlichten Schuldnerpflicht. Der Schuldner benuzt sein überlegene Position und missbraucht die Herrschaft über das Vermögen des Gläubigers. Der betreffende Fall hat die strafrechtliche Unrechtsstruktur der Untreue.
이용식,임영창,이여진,박문수,김재명 대한이비인후과학회 2011 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.54 No.4
Background and Objectives As a preliminary study, authors tried to verify clinical and side effects of Radachlorin in a photodynamic therapy for recurrent head and neck malignancy. Radachlorin shows an absorption peak at 662 nm, which indicates that it penetrates up to 10 mm. Subjects and Method We treated 12 sites for 9 treatments in 6 recurrent head and neck malignacies, 4 cases of squamous cell cancers and each of adenoid cystic cancer, and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal cancer. A dose of 1 mg/kg or 2-5 mL of Radachlorin was i.v. injected into the mass according to the mass size. We used a diode laser, MILON-662 (Milon Laser Company, Russia) and Medlight cylindrical 10/20 radial diffuser and frontal diffuser as light delivery devices. About 3 hrs after intravenous injection, or 30 min after intralesional injection, a light dose of 200-300 J/cm2 or cm of laser was irradiated onto the tumor or intralesionally with the light dose of 200-300 J/cm2, or cm. Results There was partial tumor regression in three of the five primary tumors. In one case of metastatic node treated by intralesional injection and irradiation, tumor showed complete necrosis. But there was no effect in 2 cases of subcutaneous metastases. There were no side effects such as fever, chill and photosensitivity in any of the cases. Conclusion The clinical effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using Radachlorin with 662 nm of laser light is not clear yet, but it seems to be a safe treatment for head and neck malignancy. We need to investigate the effect of this PDT system in untreated head and neck malignancies.
이영호 ( Lee Young-ho ) 한국공자학회 2022 공자학 Vol.48 No.-
퇴계와 그의 제자들의 이야기를 담고 있는 언행록을 보면, 퇴계는 자신이 깨우친 진리와 알고 있는 지식을 최선의 언어를 통해 전달하고자 애쓴 흔적이 역력하다. 여기에서 퇴계의 학문과 퇴계를 배우고자 하는 제자들 사이의 맥락, 즉 퇴계학(退溪學)과 학퇴계(學退溪)의 양상이 형성된다. 퇴계학은 유학의 기본 이념인 내성외왕(內聖外王), 수기치인(修己治人)의 길을 함유하고 있다. 제자들은 퇴계학을 배우면서, 내성(內聖)으로 치우치거나 혹은 외왕(外王)의 의미를 부각시키려고 하였다. 이덕홍(李德弘)은 내성에 치우쳐서 퇴계학을 수용하였다. 특히 ‘경(敬)’ 사상에서 윤돈(尹焞)의 주장을 중심으로 그 내성학(內聖學)을 궁구하였다. 퇴계 또한 『심경부주』를 중심으로 유학의 내성학에 몰입하였기에, 사제간의 학문연마는 매우 구체적이고 열정적이었다. 그런데 이러한 내성 지향은 자칫 외왕의 소홀로 이어질 여지가 있다. 이에 정구(鄭逑)는 외왕에 중심을 두고서 퇴계학을 수용하였다. 영남퇴계학이 전자를 중심으로 하였다면, 근기퇴계학 즉 실학은 후자에 근거를 두고 있다. 이는 ‘학퇴계’의 분기가 조선후기 학술사의 다양화를 구축하는 관건으로 작용하였음을 의미한다. Looking at the words and deeds that contain the story of Toegye and his disciples, it is evident that Toegye tried to convey the Truth and knowledge he had learned through the most appropriate expression. Here, the context between the study of Toegye and the students who want to learn Toegye, that is, the aspects of Toegyehak(退溪學) and Haktoegye(學退溪), are formed. Toegye-hak contains the basic ideology of Confucianism which is the path of Naeseongwaewang(內聖外王) and Sugichiin (修己治人). While learning the study of Toegye, the disciples either leaned toward Naeseong(內聖) or tried to emphasize the meaning of Waewang(外王). Yi, Deok-Hong(李德弘) accepted the study of Toegye because he was biased toward Naeseong(內聖). In particular, in the thought of Gyeong(敬), he searched for the study of Naeseong(內聖) with focusing on Yun Don's argument. Since Toegye also immersed himself in the study of Naeseong(內聖) of Confucianism, with focusing on Shimkyungbuju, the academic training between master and disciple was very specific and passionate. However, leaning toward Naeseong(內聖) may lead to neglect of Waewang(外王). Accordingly, Jeong Gu(鄭逑) accepted the study of Toegye with a focus on Waewang(外王). While the study of Yeongnam Toegye focused on the former, the study of Geungi Toegye, or Silhak, was based on the latter. This means that the divergence of Haktoegye(學退溪) acted as a key to diversifying the academic history of the late Joseon Dynasty.