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- 저자 : 李炫熙(Yi Hyon-hi) (검색결과 2 건)
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朝鮮時代 北方野人의 社會經濟的 交涉考 : 對野人 交涉政策의 背景
李炫熙(Yi Hyon-hi) 백산학회 1967 白山學報 Vol.- No.3
The negotiations with Jurchen in the north(北方野人) during the Yi Dynasty were a diplomatic problem as difficult as the relations with the Ming(明) Dynasty of China. Although it was one of its three national policies of the Yi Dynasy to maintain amity with the neighboring peoples, the problem could not always be solved peaceably by diplomacy. While trying to preserve amicable relations with the Jurchen, the diplomatic officials of the Yi Dynasty resorted at times to a balanced policy of appeasement and subjugation. Such negotiations started from the end of the Kory?(高麗) and the beginning of the Yi Dynasties and continued to the latter part of the middle period of the Yi Dynasty. Rather than subjugating them, however, the Yi Dynasty moved in the direction of espousing their demands through socio-economic contacts. As the first instance, King Techong(太宗) found out that economic dissatisfaction on the part of the Jurchen had much to do with their gross ruthless inflictions on life and property and thus opened two trade centers on the frontier where they could exchange necessaries of life. But the establishment of trade centers achieved only a temporizing effect, and efforts were made to treat them favorably by socio-economic means on an extensive scale. As a result, those who chose to live under the Dynasty were given official positions ranging from Chong-ku-pum(從九品) up to Ch?ng-i-pum(正二品), according to their original social standing and their merits earned after they changed their loyalty. And the chieftains in subjugated areas were placed in the posts of Ch’e-a(遞兒職); in the meantime, the Jurchen and their offspring were allowed to marry people below the class of Sang-in(常人) (common people), limiting their abode but providing them with houses, slaves, and necessaries of life. Moreover, a measure of naturalization was adopted for those living under the Dynasty, who were given Korean names, land, and food. On the other hand, sons of the Jurchen were made King’s guards in the palace as a means of appeasement. In short, the negotiations with Jurchen during the Yi Dynasty were designed to alleviate diplomatic difficulties by maintaining peaceful relations with them in socio-economic terms. Such policy toward the Jurchen was applied in the relations with Japan in the south as well with some modifications. It can be seen, therefore, that the policy of amity of the Yi Dynasy adhered as best it could to its raison d’?tre despite hindrances confronting it. But still the negotiations with the Jurchen had the problem of overall treatment unsolved such as the public and private trade relations centered in Seoul.
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李炫熙(Yi Hyon-hi) 백산학회 1975 白山學報 Vol.- No.18
One of a remaining manifestation of the Korean independence movement abroad was the Korean National Representatives Conference held in Shanghai in 1923. The major exile independence groups were organized in Peking and in Shanghai after the March First movement: The Military Unification Committee of Korea (軍事統一會) was formed by the Koreans as Pak Eun sik(朴殷植) or Kim Ch’ang-suk(金昌淑) in Peking, and the Provisional Government of Korea(大韓民國臨時政府) was founded in Shanghai. To further the unification of the Korean people, it was necessary for the exile groups to join with. For this purpose, the first attempt to assemble national representatives dated back to February, 1921, when the two major independence groups issued a proclamation calling for a meeting to discuss the future of the independence movement. This proclamation was soon echoed in various regions and groups. And the National Representatives Conference finally met on January, 1923, in Shanghai, with 120 delegates from 100 var ious groups and regions. As the groups in Peking had denounced the Provisional Government, and the delegate like An Ch’ang-ho(安昌浩) had maintained the authority of the Provisional Government, the Conference was divided into two parts. Thus the Conference ended in disagreement on May. 1923, but it provided the focal point from which various independence organizations could be examined.
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