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폐기물 매립지 바닥층의 고화토 포설시 동결/융해 현상에 관한 연구
이송,이재영,김흥석,Lee, Song,Lee, Jai-Young,Kim, Heung-Suck 한국지반공학회 2000 한국지반공학회논문집 Vol.16 No.1
본 연구에서는 바닥층을 점토포설의 대안으로 기존의 원지반 해성점토에 시멘트와 벤토나이트 및 고화재를 혼합한 새로운 고화처리토를 이용하여 안전하고 경제적이며 효율적인 매립지 바닥층을 조성하고자 한다. 그러나 매립지 바닥층의 시공에 있어서 고화처리토를 이용한 표층고화 처리층을 바닥층의 재료로서 사용하는데 토목역학적인 안전성에 대한 기술적 자료가 전무한 실정이다. 특히 고화처리토를 포설한 후 겨울철 동상에 대한 연구문헌 및 사례는 국내, 외를 막론하고 쉽게 찾아볼 수 없었다. 따라서 본 조사연구를 통하여 기초적인 자료를 수집하고 겨울철 조건하에 고화처리층의 동결/융해 현상에 대한 바닥층의 안전성 및 동상현상을 검토하여 설계 및 시공에 반영될 수 있도록 하였다.$^4),6),21),25)$ 또한 본 연구에서는 폐기물매립지 바닥층의 포설에 가장 중요한 실패 원인중 하나인 동절기에 동상에 따른 고화처리층의 동결/융해 현상에 대한 연구를 실시하여 향후 해안폐기물매립지 건설에 기술적으로 이바지 하고자 한다. 고화처리층은 지지력을 목적으로 하는45 cm의 고화토층과 차수를 목적으로 하는30 cm의 불투수층의 $P_A와\; P_B$층으로 구성되었으며 고화처리층 하부에는 30 cm의 지하수 배제층, 상부에는 60 cm의 침출수 집배수층으로 설계되었다. 결과적으로 동결깊이는 동일한 조건에서 인공강우를 고려한 실험에서 동결깊이가 증가하였으며 동상현상은 수mm정도 증가하였고 국부적으로 표면균열이 발생하였다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 매립지 바닥층의 설계에서 고화처리토를 사용한 바닥층이 점토층으로 구성된 설계보다 더욱 신뢰할 수 있다고 생각할 수 있다. (이송 외 2인, 1999; 이송 외 3인, 1999)e experimental group who was exposed to the A-V media produced by the author showed the higher score of androgyny sexual role identity than the control group who didn′t watch the A-V program. 2) The experimental group showed the higher rate of the androgyny than the control group, On the other hand, their rate of the masculinity turned out to be lower than the latter group. 3) The experimental group didn′t show the difference of SAS score from the control group .In conclusion, "Our sexuality is Healthful" A-V program for sexual education brought about the significant change of sexual role identity of the middle school boys, but didn′t affect their attitude toward sexual activity.ypothesis 4: The 4th hypothesis that "There will be significant difference of the pulse rate just before surgery in the experimental group and control group"was supported(P= .004). The purpose of this research is to complement the existing researches on landfill bottom liners behavior during the periods of freeze and thaw. Landfill-related researches have been typically focused on small-scale soil samples that are often compacted under conditions different from those used in the field. Although these tests have been invaluable in clarifying the problem of freeze and thaw, extending the results of such experimental studies to prototype landfills are questionable. In this investigation, the author utilized a large scale laboratory simulation allowing inclusion of the field depth of the cover systems, layered soil profiles, rainfall simulation, a cold climate and boundary conditions similar to those encountered in the landfill. The soil materials were stabilized soils (mixed clays, cements, and minerals) instead of clays. The bottom liners are made up of drainage layer (30 cm), stabilized layer (75 cm), and leach collection layer (60 cm). The stabilized layers are made up of supporting layer (45 cm) and low permeable layer (30 cm) - consisting of $P_A\; and\; P_B$ layer. As a results, depths of penetration increased by about 2~5 more centimeters at rainfall simulated designs than those at no rainfall simulated designs (that is design 3, design 5 and design 7) - it increased by about 20mm/day in the bottom liners and frost heaves also increased it by a few millimeters. Also, a few cracks appeared partly. According to these results, we can surmise that the compacted stabilized soil is more reliable than the compacted clay liners for construction of the landfill liners.
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STUDIES OF GINSENG SAPONIN FRACTIONS ON CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION AND BLOOD SERUM LIPIDS IN RATS.
이송재,정인철,조무연 고신대학교(의대) 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 1986 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.2 No.1
It was attempted in this present study to observe the effect of ginseng saponin fractions, one of the active components of ginseng, on cholesterol absorption using the radioactive material and the blood serum lipids in orally long-term administeration of ginseng saponin fraction to rats. 1) The purified ginseng total saponin was identified with High Performance Liquid Chromatography 2) It was demonstrated that the absorption peak pattern of blood serum and hepatic lipid on time course after the 4-¹⁴C-cholesterol feeding was similar between two groups. However, the radioactivity value of ginseng saponin administered rats was much higher than of control rats. 3) In protopanaxdiol saponin fed rats, the absorption peak pattern and the radioactivity value of blood serum and hepatic lipid was similar between two groups. 4) The absorption peak pattern of blood serum lipid and hepatic lipid in protopanaxtriol saponin fed rats showed that the highest peak of radioactivity appeared earlier than control, furthermore the radioactivity value of the test group was much higher than that of control group. These results suggest that the above stimulatory effect of ginseng total saponin on cholesterol absorption might be due to the protopanaxtriol saponin. 5) The radioactivity value of the prosapogenin administered rats was also much higher than control group. These results suggest that ginseng saponin, during digestion, would greatly be favorable for the formation of micellar structure of nonpolar lipids(such as triglycerides and cholesterol) with bile salts, phospholipids and other polar lipids so that fatty materials might be absorbed effectively from small intestine. 6) The analysis of blood serum lipids in ginseng saponin and prosapogenin administered rats for 4 weeks showed that ginseng saponin and prosapogenin increased the phospholipid level, while the cholesterol level slightly decreased than that of control group. These results again suggest that ginseng saponin might be effective on cholesterol absorption and its utilization.
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THE EFFECT OF GINSENG EXTRACT ON BLOOD COMPONENTS IN RAT.
이송재,조무연 고신대학교(의대) 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 1986 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.2 No.1
In this experiment, it was attempted to observe the possible effect of Korean ginseng on growth rate and blood components to make a contribution to revealing partially the physiological action of ginseng in orally long-term administered rat. The following results were obtained; 1) The overall body weight and growth rate with the ginseng administered group showed no significant difference compare to the control group. 2) The total blood serum protein of the ginseng administered group was increased, while serum albumin showed no difference. 3) The alkaline phosphatase of the test group was significantly increased during the maturation period. 4) The triglyceride and total cholesterol level of the test group were slightly decreased while, HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid were increased. 5) The total lipid content of the test group was significantly decreased during the test period. 6) The hematological value showed no difference between the control and the test group. From the above results, it was suggested that the use of ginseng as a food substance or medicine helps maintain health through stimulating enzymes related to the metabolism of lipid.
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이송,채점식,김혁,Lee, Song,Chae, Jeom-Sik,Kim, Hyeok 한국레미콘공업협회 2001 레미콘 Vol.10 No.-
This paper describes the feasiblity of recycling sewage dredged soils as fine affrefate. This paper describes the feasibility of recycling sewage dredged soils as fine aggregate. The specific gravity of the dredged soils was smaller than that of sand due to the effect of dredged sludge. However, the grain size distribution of the dredged soils is relative well graded, and the results of the heavy metal concentration from the leaching test of the dredged soils was significantly lower than the requirements of the allowable criteria. Therefore, the effect of recycling of dredged soils on environment the as fine aggregate was negligible. Also, the specific gravity of the dredged and washed soils was similar to that of sand, and the dredged and washed soils for the most part showed lower heavy metal leaching characteristics than those of dredged soils, Also, the results of the study for evaluation the recycling feasibility of dredged and washed soils as fine affrefate. The organic impurity content of the dredged and washed soils was lower than the requirements of the Korean industrial Standards, and the mortar compressive strength using the washdredged soils also met those of the Korean industrial Standards. And, the strengths of the dredged and washed soils were over 95% of those of the NaOH-treated samples. Therefore, it is expected that the dredged soils will be able to be an alternative for fine aggregate.
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이송,안태훈,유오식 사단법인 한국터널지하공간학회 2004 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.6 No.3
In designing a tunnel, RMR has been widely used to classify rock mass and to decide the support pattern according to the class of rock mass. However, this RMS system can't help relying on the empirical judgment of engineers who use variables which can be obtained only through consideration of the site conditions. In actuality, it is impossible to consider all the rating factors of RMS when using RMR system at the stage of designing. Therefore, in order to confirm possibility of RMR by use of only the quantitative factors for designing, this paper has done discriminant analysis. Rock strength or RQD has high coefficient of correlation with RMR value, and in consideration of the existing standards for rock mass classification, rock intensity and RQD are important factors for classification of rock mass. Through rock mass classification by the existing RMR system and rock mass classification by the discriminant analysis which has considered two variables only, the discriminant analysis using the rock intensity as an independent variable has shown 74.8% accuracy while the discriminant analysis using RQD as an independent variable has shown 74.3% accuracy. In case of the discriminant analysis which has considered both rock intensity and RQD, it has shown 82.5% accuracy. The existing cases have shown 40.3% accuracy at the stage of designing in which all the RMR factors are considered. It means that at the stage of designing, RMR system can work only with the rock intensity and RQD. 터널의 설계에 있어서 RMR 분류방법은 암반을 분류하고 암반등급에 따른 지보패턴을 결정하기 위하여 널리 사용하여 왔다. 하지만 이러한 RMR 분류방법은 현장상태를 고려하여야만 구할 수 있는 변수들을 사용하고 암반을 분류하는 기술자의 경험적 판단에 의존될 수 밖에 없다. RMR 암반분류 방법을 설계단계에서 활용할 때 RMR의 평가요소들을 모두 고려하는 것은 실무적으로 불가능하다. 따라서 설계시 정량적인 요소만을 사용하여 RMR 분류 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 판별분석을 수행하였다. 정량적 데이터인 암석강도 혹은 RQD는 RMR 값과의 상관계수가 높으며, 기존 암반분류기준을 살펴볼 때 암석강도와 RQD는 암반분류를 위한 중요한 요소이다. 기존의 RMR 암반분류 방법을 통한 암반분류와 두 가지 변수만을 고려한 판별분석을 수행한 암반분류 결과 암석강도를 독립변수로 사용한 판별분석시 74.8%, RQD를 독립변수로 사용한 판별분석시 74.3%의 정확도로 RMR 암반분류가 가능하였다. 암석강도와 RQD를 함께 고려한 판별분석을 하였을 때 82.5%의 정확도로 RMR 암반분류가 가능하였다. 기존의 사례분석에서 RMR 전체 요소를 통하여 수행된 설계단계의 전체 적중률은 40.3% 정도 수준임을 감안할 때 설계단계에서는 암석강도와 RQD 만으로도 충분한 RMR 암반분류가 가능할 것이다.
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