이강의 독립운동과 안중근의거

이명화(Myung-Hwa Lee) 한국인물사연구소 2009 한국인물사연구 Vol.11 No.-

안중근의거가 일어나게 되는 직접적 배경에는 大東共報社와 그 주필이었던 李剛의 활약이 있었다. 이강과 안중근의 관계는 공공연하게 알려졌으나 이에 대한 연구는 전무하다. 안중근의거는 한국독립운동 사상 가장 큰 영향을 끼친 사건으로 기록되고 있으며 계획단계로부터 실행과정, 그리고 사건이 마무리되기까지 애초부터 철저하게 짜여진시나리오대로 진행되었다. 이 같은 안중근 의거가 계획되고 실행되기까지 이강은 결정적 역할을 담당하였다. 이강의 조국 광복에 대한 강렬한 신념이 있었기에 안중근 의거는 준비되었고 이강과 더불어 의거를 지원했던 공립협회·국민회 원동지회원들의 활약이 없었다면 아마도 의거의 실행은 불가능했을 것이다. 안중근의사는 형사 및 재판 訊問 과정에서 일제의 집요한 신문에도 불구하고 시종일관 伊藤博文 처단이 자신의 단독 결행임을 주장했으며 의거에 참여한 이들에게 후환을 끼치거나 혐의가 미치지 않도록 치밀하게 진술함으로써 이강을 비롯한 관련자들이 일제의 검거망을 피할 수 있었다. 그러다 보니 올해로 의거 100주년이 되었으나 자세한 진상은 아직도 밝혀지지 않고 있다. 한편 이강은 안중근의사 사후에 재러한인사회에서 안중근기념사업을 추진하면서, 유족들을 보호하고 책임지고자 했으며 안중근의사의 애국정신과 희생정신을 국외 한인 동포사회로 확산시켜 그의 의로운 의거가 우리 민족에게 잊혀지지 않고 살아있는 민족정신으로 자리할 수 있도록 전력하였다. 1923년에 러시아를 떠난 이후에는 상하이 대한민국임시정부에서 활약했으며 해방이 되기까지 한 순간도 독립운동을 멈추지 않았다. 이강은 임시정부의 업무를 수행하느라 해방된 지 이듬해인 1946년 8월에야 고국으로 돌아왔다. 그는 국내에서 한국독립당 고문을 맡고 교육 사업에 투신했으며 흥사단과 안창호기념사업에 종사하였다. 정부는 1962년 3월 1일 일생을 독립운동에 헌신한 그의 공로를 인정하여 건국공로훈장을 수여하였다. Daedong-gongbo and Kang Lee, who had been Daedong-gongbo editorial were a direct background of Jung-Geun Ahn's deed. The relationship between Kang Lee and Jung-Gean Ahn are well known. But entirely there is not research which relates with this. Jung-Geun Ahn's deed was advanced scenarios as from the planning stage and run progress to the event was over. And it is recorded the most affecting as the history of Korean Independence Movement. Kang Lee was to playa decisive role in Jung-Geun Ahn's deed until it's planning and even running. Jung-Geun Ahn's deed had been prepared and able to succeed, because for Kang Lee's strong belief in Fatherland Liberation. If not the United Korean Association and the Korean National Association of the Main Division in Siberia was supported, planning and execution of a deed would had been impossible. Martyr Jung-Geun Ahn said that decision of Ito hirobumi was the sole execution in the process of the criminal and the trial, despite of the investigators and the judge was questioned persistently, and that he made statement for them participated in a deed not to give damage. Therefore a deed's truth has not been still fully revealed. But the action of Kang Lee and his colleagues is revealed another facts of a deed. In addition, Kang Lee was to be responsible to protect his families by promoting Ahn's memorial project after the death of Jung-Geun Ahn. And he was giving the power to spread the spirit of patriotism and sacrifice in outside of the Korean community. Kang Lee was giving the power that Jung-Geun Ahn's righeous deed did not forgotten to our nation as alive to the national spirit. Kang Lee was active in the Korean Provitional Government of Shanghai after leaving Russia in 1923 and did not stop the Independence Movement until liberation. He was returned homeland after working the task of the Korean Provisinal Government in August 1946. The Korean Government awarded him the order of Merit's founding by recognizing his achievement in March 1st, 1962.

심부정맥혈전증에 대한 혈부축어탕의 치험 1례

이명화,허희수,김경민,김영균,Lee, Myeong-hwa,Hur, Hee-soo,Kim, Kyoung-min,Kim, Young-kyun 대한한방내과학회 2016 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.37 No.2

Objective: This study reports on the clinical effects of combinatorial Hyulbuchuko-tang on a deep-vein thrombosis patient.Method: The deep-vein thrombosis patient was treated using combinatorial Hyulbuchuko-tang and pharmacopuncture (water-soluble carthami flos, WCF) three times a day for 33 days. The effects of deep-vein thrombosis were measured using a 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS) and external appearance.Result: Improvements in the NRS from 7 to 2 were observed after the combinatorial Hyulbuchuko-tang treatment.Conclusions: From these results, combinatorial Hyulbuchuko-tang may be considered to show improvement for patients with deep-vein thrombosis.

헤이그특사가 국외 독립운동에 미친 영향

이명화(Myeong-Hwa Lee) 독립기념관 한국독립운동연구소 2007 한국독립운동사연구 Vol.0 No.29

헤이그 평화회의에 특사 파견 결과는 국내 · 외 독립운동에 큰 영향을 끼쳤다. 그것은 이후에 국내외에서 전개된 한국 근대역사의 전개가 말해주고 있다. 이른바 ‘헤이그사건’이 일어난 후 고종황제가 강제로 퇴위당한데 이어, 정미7조약이 늑결되었으며 한국군대는 해산당하여 대한제국은 실질적인 주권을 상실해 갔다. 이로 인해 국내외에서는 전면적 의병항쟁과 의열투쟁이 거세게 일어나게 되었다. 헤이그 평화회의 개최 이전, 일본은 諸國 열강들과 조약 및 협정을 체결하면서 이를 통해 끊임없이 한국의 황실 보존과 주권 독립을 약속하면서 이면에서는 철저히 한국침략을 준비하며 국제사회에서의 입지를 구축해나갔다. 고종황제의 3특사는 일본의 불법행위와 사기적 기만을 비판하고 국제사회에 평화와 정의를 호소했지만, 그 어떤 나라도 공식적으로 한국에 동정을 표하고 일본의 한국 침략을 비판한 나라는 없었다. 결국 헤이그특사의 파견은 결과적으로는 실패한 운동이었던 것이다. 그럼에도 헤이그특사가 국내외 독립운동에 미친 영향을 매우 크다. 그것은 한국근대역사의 커다란 전환점을 가져다주었기 때문이다. 이후 한국민들은 국제사회에 매달려 독립을 구걸하는 황실에 더 이상 기대할 것이 없고 민족 대중의 힘이 아니면 독립을 이룰 수 없다는 냉험한 현실을 깨닫게 된다. 미주를 거쳐 러시아에 거점을 마련한 이상설 · 이위종을 중심으로 한 항일 세력은 1910년대 전후로, 제1차 세계대전이 일어나기까지 미국 · 만주 · 러시아 연해주 등지에서 전개된 독립운동의 동력이 되었다. 특히 헤이그 특사를 축으로 한국내외에서 형성된 항일운동의 인적 네트워크는 한국근대 독립운동의 중요한 계보로 발전했으며 이 역시 독립운동에 큰 영향을 주었던 것이다. 또한 이준의 순국이 국내외 동포사회에 전달되면서 한인들의 항일의식은 크게 고조되었다. 이준의 죽음은 한국민의 독립의지를 상징적으로 보여준 사건으로, 황실이나 몇몇 지사의 저항차원이 아닌, 한인 공동의 저항적 민족의식에 불을 부쳐 국외 한인사회에 연대적 독립투쟁을 가능하게 하는 계기를 마련해 주었다. 그리고 그의 죽음을 둘러싸고 끊임없이 전수된 이야기는 한인들의 애국적 감성을 자극하고 의열투쟁의 영감을 줌으로써 독립운동의 정신적 기반이 되어주었다는 점에서 중요한 의미를 지니고 있다. The result of the dispatch of the special envoy to The Hague Peace Conference had a serious effect on the independence movement home and abroad. This appears on the surface of the Korea’s modern history developed home and abroad since then. After the event in The Hague the Emperor Gojong was deposed by force, and then the third Korean-Japanese Agreement was concluded compulsively. As a result of the Agreement Korean troops were dismissed and the Korean Empire was losing its actual sovereignty. Hereupon the full scale struggle of the army in the cause of justice and the fight for justice broke out strongly. While Japan concluded treaties and agreements with the World Powers before the Hague Peace Conference and through them promised to protect the Korean Imperial Household and sovereignty, in the background she thoroughly prepared for the invasion of Korea and built up her foundation in the international community. Three envoys of the Emperor Gojong criticized Japanese illegal act and fraudulent deception, and appealed to the international community for peace and justice, however, any country didn’t express sympathy for Korea’s situation officially and didn’t criticize the Japanese invasion of Korea. After all, the dispatch of the special envoy to The Hague ended in failure finally. Nevertheless the event of the special envoy to The Hague had a serious effect on the independence movement home and abroad because it served as an epochal turning point in the Korean modern history. Since then the Korean people realized the hard realities that there was nothing to expect from the Imperial House entreating the international community for Korea’s independence and it was impossible to achieve independence without the power of the mass of people. Anti-Japanese forces centering around Sang-Seol Lee and Wi-Jong Lee who established a base in Russia after the establishment of a base in America became the driving force of the independence movement developed in America, Manchuria, Primorie in Russia before or after 1910s before World War I. Particularly, as the composition of the members formed home and abroad with as the center of the special envoy to The Hague developed into the important lineage of the Korea’s modern independence movement, the envoy to The Hague had a serious effect on the independence movement. As Jun Lee’s death was known to the general public home and abroad, Koreans’ anti-Japanese consciousness rose to the climax. His death as the symbolic case showing Koreans’ independence volition laid the ground for the joint struggle for Korea’s independence in the Korean society abroad as it ignited the Koreans’ common national consciousness of resistance not on the level of the Imperial household or several patriots’ resistance. As the story of his death which was continuously handed down to posterity stimulated Koreans’ patriotic emotion and inspired them with heroic and noble struggle, his death got to be the spiritual basis of the independence movement. This is the significant meaning of his death.

최신 에어필터 기술 - 에어필터의 여과이론

이명화,Lee, Myeong-Hwa 한국공기청정협회 2020 空氣淸淨技術 Vol.33 No.1

봉약침 치료와 병행한 가미귀비탕으로 호전된 레이노병 환자 치험 1례

이명화,손변우,김경민,김영균,Lee, Myeong-hwa,Son, byeon-woo,Kim, Kyoung-min,Kim, Young-kyun 대한한방내과학회 2017 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.38 No.5

Objectives: The aim of this study was to report the clinical effects of a combination of Gamiguibi-tang and sweet bee venom on a patient with Raynaud's disease. Methods: The patient with Raynaud's disease was treated with Gamiguibi-tang three times a day for 43 days and with sweet bee venom daily. The effects on Raynaud's disease were measured on both hands using a cold stress test and an infrared thermometer and by digital infrared thermographic imaging and a NRS (Numeric Rating Scale). We conducted the cold stress test at 6-8 day intervals from 2016.04.27 to 2016.06.08. Results: After treatment, the symptoms of pain were decreased in both hands and digital infrared thermographic imaging (DITI) confirmed a rise in the temperature of the fingers. The fingertip temperature increased from 29.6 to 30.4 degrees and the cooling/rewarming ratio (CRR) increased steadily. No adverse events were found at discharge. Conclusions: Gamiguibi-tang combined sweet bee venom may improve symptoms in patients with Raynaud's disease.

꽃가루의 인체에 미치는 영향과 공기청정기에 의한 제거효과-국외 연구자료 소개

이명화,Lee, Myeong-Hwa 한국공기청정협회 2008 空氣淸淨技術 Vol.21 No.1

다변수 LSTM 순환신경망 딥러닝 모형을 이용한 미술품 가격 예측에 관한 실증연구

이지인(Jiin Lee),송정석(Jeongseok Song) 한국콘텐츠학회 2021 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.21 No.6

새로운 미술품 유통방식의 발달로 미술품의 미적 효용을 넘어 투자재로서 바라보는 시각이 활성화되고 있다. 미술품의 가격은 주식이나 채권 등과 달리 객관적 요소와 주관적 요소들이 모두 반영되어 결정되는 이질적 특성이 있기 때문에 가격 예측에 있어서 그 불확실성이 높다. 본 연구에서는 LSTM(장단기 기억) 순환신경망 딥러닝 모형을 활용하여 낙찰총액 순위 1위부터 10위까지의 한국 작가의 회화 작품을 대상으로 작가의 특성, 작품의 물리적 특성, 판매적 특성 등을 입력으로 하여 경매 낙찰가의 예측을 시도하였다. 연구 결과, 모델에 의한 예측 가격과 실제 낙찰 가격의 차이를 설명하는 RMSE 값이 0.064 수준이었으며 작가별로는 이대원 작가의 예측력이 가장 높았고, 이중섭 작가의 예측력이 가장 낮았다. 투자재로서 미술품 시장이 더욱 활성화되고 경매 낙찰 가격의 예측 수요가 높아지면서 본 연구의 결과가 활용될 수 있을 것이다. With the recent development of the art distribution system, interest in art investment is increasing rather than seeing art as an object of aesthetic utility. Unlike stocks and bonds, the price of artworks has a heterogeneous characteristic that is determined by reflecting both objective and subjective factors, so the uncertainty in price prediction is high. In this study, we used LSTM Recurrent Neural Network deep learning model to predict the auction winning price by inputting the artist, physical and sales charateristics of the Korean artist. According to the result, the RMSE value, which explains the difference between the predicted and actual price by model, was 0.064. Painter Lee Dae Won had the highest predictive power, and Lee Joong Seop had the lowest. The results suggest the art market becomes more active as investment goods and demand for auction winning price increases.

간호대학생들의 영성에 관한 연구

이명화(Lee,Myung-Hwa),강희경(Kang,Hee-Kyung),박진경(Park,Jin-Kyung) 고신대학교 전인간호과학연구소 2003 전인간호과학학술지 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study was an attempt to investigated a spirituality of nursing students and to provide baseline data for spirituality development education of nursing students. The method The subjects were 499 students at department of N ursing, 5 University in Busan. The data were collected from June 7th to July 18th, 2002. The instrument was used Howden s Spirituality Assessment Scale. The results were as follows. 1.The score on spirituality scale ranged from 28 to 140 with a mean of 101.14土8.70(3.89±0.33) 2.The score on perceived health state ranged from 1 to 5 with a mean of 3.42±0.80 3.The spirituality according to general characteristics showed significant differences in sex(t=-2.125,p=.034) religion(F=7.387.66,p=.007) drinking (t=-2.401, p=.017), atmosphere of home (F-7.659, p=.006). 4.The spirituality according to religionious characteristics showed significant differences in influence of religion, (F=6.489,p=.002) necessity of religion(F=4.608, p=.003),help of religion(F =l1.213,p=.000), subjectivity of God in life(F=7.412,p=.000), reading of religionious books(F=5.768,p=.001), participation of religion ceremony (F=5.007,p=.002). 5.There were significant positive correlation between perceived health states and spirituality.(r=.498. p=.004) Conclusiᄋnly,spiritualitiy of nursing students was high and was influenced in sex, religion, drinking, atmosphere of home, religionious characteristics, perceived health status.

서평 : 전국사 / 양관 (楊寬) 저 , 상해인민출판사 , 605p , 1980

이명화(Myung Wha Lee) 이화사학연구소 1990 梨花史學硏究 Vol.19 No.-

혈액투석환자의 자기효능감과 삶의 질의 관계

이명화(Lee Myung-Hwa),송명숙(Song Myung-Sook),우경미(Woo Gyung-Mi) 고신대학교 전인간호과학연구소 2002 전인간호과학학술지 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of this study was to the relationship between self-efficacy and quality of life hemodialysis patients. The subjects were compromised of 198 hemodialysis patients from Pusan, Kyung-Sang Nam do and Kyung-Sang Buk do 6 dialysis clinics. These data were collected by posing questionnaires for 39 day period from Sep.19 to Oct.27,2001. The questionnaires includes tools for measuring the self-efficacy developed by Kim Ju Hyun(1995) and quality of life developed Kim Ok Soo(1993). The collected Data were analyzed with actual numbers percentiles, mean and stand deviation, pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA , Scheffe test. The results of this study were those as follows. 1.The general characteristics of the subjects of the study. The age distribution of the subjects of this study was 46-55 age group, which was 26.3%. The male was 63.6%. The married were 71.7%. The high-school graduate was 52.5%. The pre-attack was employed 71.2% and post-attack was unemployed 81.3%. The low-economics state was 58.6%. The family support was 52.2% and professional medical support was 66.7%. The hemodialysis period was more than 6 years 26.8%. The dialysis frequency was 3 times a week 85.9%. admission history was no 66.7%. 2.The mean scores of general selfefficacy was 2.87 Once I decide to do this work, I never chang my mind was the highest with a mean score of 3.01 and The more I fail to this work, The more I hold on it was the lowest with a mean score of 2.47. The mean scores of specific self-efficacy was 2.93 Medication in specific self- efficacy was the highest with a mean score of 3.43 and water drink was the lowest with a mean score of 2.56. 3.The mean scores of quality of life was 2.96. For each factor in the quality of scale, The mean score was as follows- For social activity in Quality of life was the highest with a mean score of 3.25, For familial relationship and financial status 3.06,For health perception 3.02, For physical symptom 2.84 and attitude toward life was the lowest w ith a mean score of 2.59. 4.There was a significant difference in self-efficacy according to age(F=3.271, p=.013),economic state(F=5.759, p= .004),religion(F=2.677, p= .048),duration(F=2.991,p= .032),frequency(F=9.045, p= .0003), admission(F=4.40, p= .037). There was a significant difference in quality of life according to economic state(F= 11.478,p= .000), frequency (F=7.573, p= .006). 5.The result of analysis of the relationship between self- efficacy and Quality of life showed significant correation(r= .512, p= .000). In conclusion this study revealed that the self-Efficacy is an important further that associated with the quality of life in hemodialysis patients.