허프 변환을 이용한 VVC의 기하학 분할 모드 및 블록 분할 고속 결정 방법

이민훈,박준택,방건,임웅,심동규,오승준 한국방송∙미디어공학회 2020 방송공학회논문지 Vol.25 No.5

현재 차세대 부호화 표준으로 진행 중인 VVC (Versatile Video Coding)는 재귀적 블록 분할 구조 및 GPM (Geometric Partition- ing Mode)과 같은 다양한 예측 방법들의 채택으로 HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding)대비 RA (Random Access) 환경에서 약 34%와 LDB (Low-Delay B) 환경에서 약 30%의 부호화 성능 향상을 보이지만 부호화 복잡도는 약 10배, 7배 증가를 보인다. 본 논문에서는 VVC의 부호화 복잡도 개선을 위하여 블록 내 방향성을 이용한 GPM 모드 고속 결정 및 블록 분할 고속 결정 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 현재 블록에 허프 변환을 적용하여 블록 내의 방향성을 파악하고, 이를 통해 율-왜곡 비용 탐색 과정에서 생략할 GPM 모드와 특정 블록 분할 방법을 결정하는 방법이다. 실험 결과로써 제안하는 방법은 VTM8.0 대비 RA 환경에서 2.48%의 부호화 성능 감소와 31.01%의 부호화 시간 감소의 효과를 얻고 LDB 환경에서 2.69%의 부호화 성능 감소와 29.84%의 부호화 시간 감소의 효과를 얻었다.

영상 중심 역역의 텍스쳐 특징에 기반한 객체 영상 및 비객체 영상의 분류 방법

이민훈,김성영 금오공과대학교 2005 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

We propose a method that automatically classifies the images into the object and non-object images. An object image is an image with object(s). An object in an image is defined as a set of regions that lie around center of the image and have significant color distribution against its surrounding (or background) region We define two texture features for the classification based on the characteristics of an object. The texture significant vector is calculated from the difference in Gabor energy distribution between the center area and its surrounding region. Second measure is the Gabor orientation vector that is Gabor energy summation along each orientation in Gabor filter dictionary. Then using Fisher linear discriminant each image represented with two texture vectors is projected into the Fisher basis vector. The Fisher linear discriminants are used as feature values to classify images into object and nonobject classes. A test with 1000 images shows a classification accuracy of 70.0%.

VVC에서 360 비디오를 위한 랩-어라운드 움직임 벡터 예측 방법

이민훈,이종석,박준택,임웅,방건,심동규,오승준 한국방송∙미디어공학회 2020 방송공학회논문지 Vol.25 No.3

In this paper, we propose a motion vector prediction method that increases the coding efficiency at the boundary of an image by utilizing the 360 video characteristic. In the current VVC method, the location of a neighbor block is excluded from the candidate list for inter prediction in case that it is out of boundary. This can reduce coding efficiency as well as subject quality. To solve this problem, we construct new candidates adding the location of the neighbor block at the boundary of the picture from already decoded information based on the projection method for 360 video coding. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we compare with VTM6.0 and 360Lib9.1 under Random Access condition of JVET-360 CTC. As a result, the coding performance shows a BD-rate reduction of 0.02% on average in luma component and 0.05%, 0.06% on average in chroma components respectively, without additional computational complexity. The coding performance at the picture boundary shows a BD-rate reduction of 0.29% on average in luma component and 0.45%, 0.43% on average in chroma components, respectively. Furthermore, we perform subjective quality test with the DSCQS method and obtain MOS values. The MOS value is improved by 0.03 value, and we calculate BD-MOS using MOS value and bit-rate. As a result, the proposed method improved performance by up to 8.78% and 5.18% on average.

In Loop Filtering Tools in ECM Reference Software for Beyond VVC

이민훈,심동규 한국방송·미디어공학회 2024 방송과 미디어 Vol.29 No.1

JVET (Joint video experts team)은 VVC (Versatile video coding)보다 높은 압축 성능을 가지는 신호처리 기반 차세대 비디오 압축 표준 기술 개발을 위해 ECM (Enhanced compression model) 참조 소프트웨어를 배포하여 기술 탐색을 수행 중이다. ECM은 휘도 및 색차 성분 모두에서 VVC 대비 높은 부호화 성능을 보이며, ECM 내 기술은 VVC의 기술을 개선하거나 새로운 기술이 추가된 형태로 구성되어 있다. 그중, 인루프 필터링 기술은 VVC에 채택된 DF (Deblocking filter), SAO (Sample adaptive offset), ALF (Adaptive loop filter), CCALF (Cross-component ALF), LMCS (Luma mapping with chroma scaling)가 일부 수정 및 개선된 형태로 포함되어 있고, CCSAO (Cross-component SAO) 및 BIF (Bilateral filter) 기술이 새롭게 포함되어 있다. 본고에서는 2023년 7월에 진행된 143차 미팅 이후 배포된 ECM10.0에 포함되어 있는 인루프 필터링 기술에 대해 소개한다. 특히, VVC 대비 개선점이 많은 ALF 및 CCALF와 새롭게 추가된 기술인 CCSAO 및 BIF에 대해 자세히 설명하고자 한다.

골드 미스가 경제를 움직인다

이민훈 The Korea Foundation 2007 Koreana (Korean) Vol.21 No.4

만족도와 재구매 간 관계에 있어서 상황적 영향의 조절효과에 관한 연구 - 인지 종결 욕구와 일시적 자아 해석의 조절효과를 중심으로 -

이민훈,하영원 한국마케팅학회 2010 ASIA MARKETING JOURNAL Vol.11 No.4

Although there have been many studies regarding the inconsistency between consumers' attitudes and behavior, prior research has almost exclusively focused on the relationship between the attitude before behavior and the initial behavior. Relatively little research has been conducted on consumer satisfaction after purchase and post-purchase behavior. This research proposed that the relationship between satisfaction and post-purchase behavior is moderated by consumers' psychological characteristics such as need for cognitive closure(NCC) and temporal self-construal(SC). The need for cognitive closure refers to individuals' desire for a firm answer to a question and an aversion toward ambiguity. We assumed the need for cognitive closure as a major moderating variable because it is judged that the requirement for cognition clearly varies between when a consumer repurchases the same product and seeks a new alternative. Individuals who tend to end cognition due to time constraints or inappropriate conditions may display considerable cognitive impatience or impulsivity and has a higher probability in repurchasing the same product than a consumer without such limitations. They would avoid further consideration for new alternatives and the likelihood of the repurchase for prior alternative would increase. As hypothesized, significant moderating effect of the NCC was confirmed. This result gives a significant implication for a corporate to establish effective marketing strategies. For a corporate or product brand that has been occupying the market after entering the market earlier, it would be effective to maintain need for cognitive closure high in the existing consumers and thereby preventing the consumers from being interested in the new alternatives. On the other hand, new brands that have just entered the market need to lower the potential consumers’ need for cognitive closure so that the consumers can be interested in new alternatives. Along with need for cognitive closure, temporal self-construal also turned out to moderate the satisfaction-repurchase. temporal SC reflects the extent to which individuals view themselves either as an individuated entity or in relation to others. Consumers under a temporarily independent SC would repurchase former alternative again according to their prior satisfaction and evaluation. In contrast, consumers in temporal interdependent SC tended to switch to a new alternative because they value interpersonal relationships above anything else and have a tendency to rely heavily on in-group opinions. When they are confronted with additional opinions, it is highly probable that he/she will choose a new product as an alternative. By proving the impact that temporal self-construal has on repurchasing behavior, this study is providing the marketers with new standards for establishing successful promotional strategies. For example, if the buyer and the user is the same for a product, it would be effective for the seller to convince the consumer to make decision subjectively by encouraging temporal independent self- construal. On the contrary, in the case where the purchase is made by an individual but the product is consumed by a group of people. For example, a housewife is more likely to choose the products or brands that her husband or children prefer rather than the ones that she likes by herself. In that case, emphasizing how the whole family can be satisfied and happy about the product would be effective for promoting repurchase. 최근 들어 소비자의 만족과 재구매 행동 간 불일치성에 영향을 미치는 조절변수 탐색 연구가 다수 진행되었다. 그러나 이들 연구는 주로 소비자의 인구통계적 특성 및 사회경제적 특성에 치중하여 소비자 내면의 심리 관점에서 만족과 구매 후 행동 간 상응성을 설명해내지 못하는 한계가 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 만족과 재구매에 영향을 미치는 중요한 상황적 요인으로서 인지 종결 욕구와 일시적 자아 해석의 역할을 가정하고 두 개의 실험을 통해 이를 규명했다. 우선 소비자의 일시적인 심리 상태에 영향을 미치는 중요한 상황적 요인으로서 최근 심리학계에서 많은 학자들로부터 주목받고 있는 인지 종결 욕구의 개념을 구매의사결정에 직면한 소비자 입장에 새롭게 적용하여 그 역할을 입증했다. 구체적으로 인지 종결 욕구가 높은 상황에서는 가능한 한 신속한 의사결정을 내리고자 하므로 새로운 대안 탐색을 회피하고 기존 대안을 반복 선택할 가능성이 증가했다. 또한 소비자에게 일시적으로 유발된 자아 해석을 만족과 재구매 행동 관계의 주요 조절변수로 가정하고 이를 규명했다. 즉, 일시적으로 독립적 자아 해석 상황에 처하게 되면 상호의존적 자아 해석 상황에 처했을 때보다 재구매 행동이 강화될 수 있음이 확인되었다. 독립적 자아 해석 상황에서는 자신의 만족 경험과 판단을 신뢰하여 기존 대안을 지지할 가능성이 높지만, 상호의존적 자아 해석 상황에서는 내집단과의 우호적 관계를 자기 자신의 판단 이상으로 중시하는 경향이 있으므로 의미있는 주변인의 추천에 동조하여 전환행동을 할 가능성이 높아지기 때문이다. 본 연구의 결과는 고객 만족을 넘어 충성 고객화를 위해 고심 중인 기업들에게 근본적인 해결책을 제시하는 실무적 의의가 있다. 단순한 만족이 충성도로 발전하는 과정에서 영향을 미치는 상황적 원인을 규명해낸다면 이를 진정한 충성도 배양에 도움을 주는 방향으로 작동시키면 되기 때문이다.

The Effect of Price Promotional Information about Brand on Consumer's Quality Perception: Conditioning on Pretrial Brand

이민훈,임항섭 한국마케팅과학회 2009 마케팅과학연구 Vol.19 No.3

Price promotion typically reduces the price for a given quantity or increases the quantity available at the same price, thereby enhancing value and creating an economic incentive to purchase. It often is used to encourage product or service trial among nonusers of products or services. Thus, it is important to understand the effects of price promotions on quality perception made by consumer who do not have prior experience with the promoted brand. However, if consumers associate a price promotion itself with inferior brand quality, the promotion may not achieve the sales increase the economic incentives otherwise might have produced. More specifically, low qualitative perception through price promotion will undercut the economic and psychological incentives and reduce the likelihood of purchase. Thus, it is important for marketers to understand how price promotional informations about a brand have impact on consumer's unfavorable quality perception of the brand. Previous literatures on the effects of price promotions on quality perception reveal inconsistent explanations. Some focused on the unfavorable effect of price promotion on consumer's perception. But others showed that price promotions didn't raise unfavorable perception on the brand. Prior researches found these inconsistent results related to the timing of the price promotion's exposure and quality evaluation relative to trial. And, whether the consumer has been experienced with the product promotions in the past or not may moderate the effects. A few studies considered differences among product categories as fundamental factors. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of price promotional informations on consumer's unfavorable quality perception under the different conditions. The author controlled the timing of the promotional exposure and varied past promotional patterns and information presenting patterns. Unlike previous researches, the author examined the effects of price promotions setting limit to pretrial situation by controlling potentially moderating effects of prior personal experience with the brand. This manipulations enable to resolve possible controversies in relation to this issue. And this manipulation is meaningful for the work sector. Price promotion is not only used to target existing consumers but also to encourage product or service trial among nonusers of products or services. Thus, it is important for marketers to understand how price promotional informations about a brand have impact on consumer's unfavorable quality perception of the brand. If consumers associate a price promotion itself with inferior quality about unused brand, the promotion may not achieve the sales increase the economic incentives otherwise might have produced. In addition, if the price promotion ends, the consumer that have purchased that certain brand will likely to display sharply decreased repurchasing behavior. Through a literature review, hypothesis 1 was set as follows to investigate the adjustive effect of past price promotion on quality perception made by consumers; The influence that price promotion of unused brand have on quality perception made by consumers will be adjusted by past price promotion activity of the brand. In other words, a price promotion of an unused brand that have not done a price promotion in the past will have a unfavorable effect on quality perception made by consumer. Hypothesis 2-1 was set as follows : When an unused brand undertakes price promotion for the first time, the information presenting pattern of price promotion will have an effect on the consumer's attribution for the cause of the price promotion. Hypothesis 2-2 was set as follows : The more consumer dispositionally attribute the cause of price promotion, the more unfavorable the quality perception made by consumer will be. Through test 1, the subjects were given a brief explanation of the product and the brand before they were provided wit... Price promotion typically reduces the price for a given quantity or increases the quantity available at the same price, thereby enhancing value and creating an economic incentive to purchase. It often is used to encourage product or service trial among nonusers of products or services. Thus, it is important to understand the effects of price promotions on quality perception made by consumer who do not have prior experience with the promoted brand. However, if consumers associate a price promotion itself with inferior brand quality, the promotion may not achieve the sales increase the economic incentives otherwise might have produced. More specifically, low qualitative perception through price promotion will undercut the economic and psychological incentives and reduce the likelihood of purchase. Thus, it is important for marketers to understand how price promotional informations about a brand have impact on consumer's unfavorable quality perception of the brand. Previous literatures on the effects of price promotions on quality perception reveal inconsistent explanations. Some focused on the unfavorable effect of price promotion on consumer's perception. But others showed that price promotions didn't raise unfavorable perception on the brand. Prior researches found these inconsistent results related to the timing of the price promotion's exposure and quality evaluation relative to trial. And, whether the consumer has been experienced with the product promotions in the past or not may moderate the effects. A few studies considered differences among product categories as fundamental factors. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of price promotional informations on consumer's unfavorable quality perception under the different conditions. The author controlled the timing of the promotional exposure and varied past promotional patterns and information presenting patterns. Unlike previous researches, the author examined the effects of price promotions setting limit to pretrial situation by controlling potentially moderating effects of prior personal experience with the brand. This manipulations enable to resolve possible controversies in relation to this issue. And this manipulation is meaningful for the work sector. Price promotion is not only used to target existing consumers but also to encourage product or service trial among nonusers of products or services. Thus, it is important for marketers to understand how price promotional informations about a brand have impact on consumer's unfavorable quality perception of the brand. If consumers associate a price promotion itself with inferior quality about unused brand, the promotion may not achieve the sales increase the economic incentives otherwise might have produced. In addition, if the price promotion ends, the consumer that have purchased that certain brand will likely to display sharply decreased repurchasing behavior. Through a literature review, hypothesis 1 was set as follows to investigate the adjustive effect of past price promotion on quality perception made by consumers; The influence that price promotion of unused brand have on quality perception made by consumers will be adjusted by past price promotion activity of the brand. In other words, a price promotion of an unused brand that have not done a price promotion in the past will have a unfavorable effect on quality perception made by consumer. Hypothesis 2-1 was set as follows : When an unused brand undertakes price promotion for the first time, the information presenting pattern of price promotion will have an effect on the consumer's attribution for the cause of the price promotion. Hypothesis 2-2 was set as follows : The more consumer dispositionally attribute the cause of price promotion, the more unfavorable the quality perception made by consumer will be. Through test 1, the subjects were given a brief explanation of the product and the brand before they were provided with a 2x2 ...

신입 변호사로서의 소회

이민훈 경희법학연구소 2012 KHU 글로벌 기업법무 리뷰 Vol.5 No.1

가격촉진 정보와 소비자의 품질지각

이민훈(Lee, Min-Hoon) 한국상품학회 2010 商品學硏究 Vol.28 No.2

일시적으로 일정기간 동안 가격을 할인하는 가격촉진(price promotion)은 같은 양에 대한 가격을 떨어뜨리거나 같은 가격에 살 수 있는 양을 늘림으로써 소비자 입장에서 구매에 대한 경제적 인센티브를 제공하는 역할을 한다. 이같은 가격촉진은 기업의 입장에서 종종 제품이나 서비스를 사용해 보지 않은 미사용자(nonusers)의 시용(trial)을 유발하는데 사용된다. 따라서 가격촉진이 촉진된 브랜드에 대해 사전 구매경험이 없는 소비자의 품질지각에 미치는 영향을 이해하는 것은 매우 중요한 일이다. 만약 가격촉진이 소비자의 품질지각에 부정적인 영향을 준다면, 가격촉진이 제공하는 구매에 대한 인센티브의 효과가 반감될 것이다. 더욱이 가격촉진으로 인해 브랜드를 처음으로 구입한 소비자의 재구매 가능성은 가격촉진이 중단된 후에는 낮아질 것이다. 기존 연구에 따르면 미사용 브랜드의 가격촉진정보가 소비자의 품질지각에 미치는 영향은 브랜드의 과거 가격촉진행동에 의해 조절되는 것으로 확인되었다. 과거 가격촉진을 하지 않던 브랜드가 처음 실시한 가격촉진은 이전에 가격촉진을 실시했던 브랜드의 가격촉진보다 소비자의 품질지각에 부정적 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구에서는 가격촉진정보가 소비자의 품질지각에 미치는 직접적인 효과보다는 가격촉진정보가 소비자의 제품경험에 영향을 주어 간접적으로 일어나게 하는 효과에 초점을 맞추었다. 그 결과 친숙성과 더불어 사용경험이 유력한 조절변수로 확인되었다. 즉, 소비자가 사용하지 않던 브랜드가 처음으로 실시하는 가격촉진정보에 노출된 후 그 브랜드를 구입한 경우, 소비자의 부정적 품질 지각은 사용경험이 명확한 경우보다 애매모호한 경우에 더 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 가격촉진의 효과에 관한 대다수의 기존 연구가 소비자의 구매행동에 주는 영향에 초점을 맞춘 것과는 대조적으로, 가격 촉진이 소비자의 구매행동에 많은 영향을 미치는 요소 중 하나인 지각된 품질에 주는 영향을 측정했다는 데 의의가 있다. 소비자가 해당 브랜드의 품질을 진정 신뢰하는지 여부를 판단하고 나아가 향후 재구매 가능성까지 예측하기 위해서는 현재의 단발적 구매행동을 넘어서서 소비자의 심리적 변화를 반드시 고려해야 하기 때문이다. 이를 토대로 마케팅 실무자에게, 브랜드의 가격촉진 전략 수립 시 사용경험이 애매모호한가 그렇지 않은가의 여부에 따라 가격촉진에 대한 의사결정을 달리 해야한다는 시사점을 제안한다. Price promotion typically reduces the price for a given quantity or increases the quantity available at the same time, thereby enhancing value and creating an economic incentive to purchase. It often is used to ncourage product or service trial among nonusers. However, if consumers associate a promotion itself with inferior brand quality, the promotion may not achieve the sales increase the economic incentives otherwise might have produced. More specifically, low qualitative perception through price promotion will undercut the economic and psychological incentives and reduce the likelihood of purchase. Thus, it is important for marketers to understand how price promotion informations about a brand have impact on consumer's unfavorable quality perception of the brand. The previous literatures on the effects of promotions on quality perception reveal inconsistent explanations. These explanations relate to the timing of the promotional exposure and quality evaluation relative to trial. And, whether the consumer has been experienced with the product promotions in the past may moderate the effects. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of price promotion informations on consumer's unfavorable quality perception under the different conditions. The effect of price promotion for unfamiliar pretrial brand on consumer's perceived quality was proved to be moderated with the product usage experience. This study proved that negative effect of quality perception for the brand may be accelerated, if the product usage experience after purchasing is ambiguous. These finding contribute to the literature as one of the few attempts to examine a significant main effect of price promotion on perceived quality, consumers' psychological factor, unlike previous researches that considered direct influences of price promotion onconsumer's purchase behavior. And theoretical implication of this article is due to the effort to search for a indirect effect of price promotion on consumer's perceived quality through the consumer's product usage experience. This study also offers useful practical implications for marketing managers. When the product usage experience is concrete, the positive effect of price promotion can be increased. But, when the product usage experience is abstract and ambiguous, the other promotional instrument should be considered. Because, in that case, price promotion may accelerate consumers's negative perceptions through the experience of product usage situations.

한국의 소비트렌드에 관한 연구 - 2000년~2007년 히트상품을 중심으로

이민훈(Lee Min-Hoon) 한국상품학회 2008 商品學硏究 Vol.26 No.2

  특정 시점의 소비트렌드를 분석함에 있어서 해당 시기의 히트상품이 중요한 지표의 역할을 할 수 있음에도 불구하고, 기존 연구들은 주로 식견을 갖춘 전문가들의 직관에 의존하여 트렌드를 규정해 왔다. 더욱이 히트상품을 선정 및 발표하는 국내외 일부 연구기관조차 당해 연도 결과를 해석하는 데에 치중하여 수년간의 시계열 분석 작업에는 소홀해 왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 최근 2000년~2007년에 선정된 히트상품 리스트를 분석함으로써 그 속에 담긴 국내 소비자들의 니즈를 유추하는 작업을 시도했다.<BR>  구체적으로, 2000년 이후 8년간 선정된 총 80개의 히트상품들을 근거로 년도별 주요 특징과 패턴을 분석하였고, 소비자의 가치관과 구매 행태 변화를 근거로 소비트렌드 키워드를 도출하였다. 마지막으로 결론에서는 최근 히트상품들의 특성을 근거로 향후 히트 유력 상품의 키워드를 제안하였다. 분석에 활용된 히트상품 리스트는 삼성경제연구소 홈페이지(www.seri.org) 온라인 회원들에 대한 설문조사를 통해 선정된 결과이다. 분석 결과, 최근 한·미·일 소비자의 소비패턴이 급속히 동질화되는 가운데, 국내 소비자들은 2000년~2007년의 전반적인 국내 경기침체에 영향을 받아 일상의 스트레스를 극복하고 경제적 안정을 지원하는 상품들에 높은 관심을 갖고 있음이 확인되었다. 이같은 경제적 불안 환경 하에서 소비자들의 선택을 받은 히트상품들은 최근 소비자의 주된 관심사를 이해하는 중요한 지표로 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 연구자는 2000년대 히트의 추이를 분석함으로써 소비트렌드가 어떻게 변화해가고 있는지 점검하고 향후 히트상품 탄생을 준비하는 기업과 마케터에게 유용한 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.   Despite th acknowledged strategic importance of hit products in study on consuming trend, most marketers has depended on great masters" intuition and anticipated next consuming trend obscurely. This research aimed to investigate the latest hit products and probe into the latent consumers" latent needs.<BR>  For the purpose of these goals, this research took a look into Korea"s top ten products and the major buzzwords in consumption during 2000~2007. Hit products results were drawn from an annual online survey of SERI homepage(www.seri.org). We could understand korean consumers" latent needs through the list of these biggest hit products. Uncertainty about the future always exists and while people dreamed of a windfall in the early 2000s, the trend of investing in financial products shows how people have become more sophisticated in managing their assets. Rising apartment prices in the mid 2000s attracted investors, but with government regulations and capital gains taxes curbing the property market activity, people turned to other investment vehicles.<BR>  The results show that marketers trying to get a better feel for consumer sentiment at a time of economic slowdown, they should check the products that were the most prefered and choosed by consumers. This is important point to remember for businesses hoping for best sellers.