표지된 황산염 유황의 유황단백질에 대한 이용에 관한 연구

이정희,전세열,신상주 ( Chung Hee Lee,Sea Yull Chun,Sang Joou Shinn ) 생화학분자생물학회 1971 BMB Reports Vol.4 No.1

Hinted by a symbiotic relationship between rumen microorganisms and host ruminant in utilization of inorganic sulfur compounds such as sodium sulfate and ammonium sulfate, an investigation was conducted to determine a similar symbiotic effect between ceacum microflora and host rabbit, for ammonium sulfate. Radioactivity of fecal emission was detected from the first day of administration but the radioactive compound (s) was not precipitated by barium chloride. A similar fact was found when the labelled sulfate-sulfur was administered by intraperitoneal injection. When urinary ejection was fractionated into 3 parts, namely, trichloroacetic acid precipitate, barium chloride precipitate and supernatant fractions, radioactivity was almost equally distributed into barium chloride precipitable and supernatant fractions with a minor beta-ray emission from TCA precipitated fraction. Radioactivity was detected in hairs of experimental subjects regardless the mode of drug administration. Our finding shows that angola rabbit possesses per se the capacity of such utilization independent to its ceacum microflora. Liver homogenates made 48 hours after the suspension of drug administrations showed no radioactive emission from its barium chloride precipitated fraction. Majorities of beta-ray emission was detected in the TCA precipitated fraction. A minor amount of count, detected from supernatant is interpreted as an evidence that in the liver, transformation of inorganic sulfate sulfur into other sulfur compound(s) is a pre-requisite for protein incorporation or other physiological or metabolic process. The results of in vitro test for microbial incorporation of labelled sulfate-sulfur show that when ceacum microflora are incubated under anaerobic conditions the microorganisms can incorporate the labelled element into their cellular protein. The capacity of doing so seems to be increased by a prolonged exposure to or contact with such compound expressed otherwise, they can be trained to do so.

2016년 코리아가든쇼 작가정원의 식물 의미에 관한 연구

이정희,진혜영,이유미,송유진,Lee, Chung-Hee,Jin, Hye-Young,Lee, You-Mi,Song, Yu-Jin 한국조경학회 2017 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.45 No.3

본 논문은 2016년 코리아가든쇼의 9개 작가정원에서 식물 소재가 작가의 의도를 어떻게 반영하고 선택되는지 파악하고자 하였다. 식물 소재는 정원의 주제를 전달하기 위한 경우와 공간을 구성하기 위해 사용된 것으로 분석되었다. 'K-Garden, 가장 한국적인 멋을 담은 신한류 정원'이라는 주어진 주제 아래, 주제를 드러내기 위해 사용된 식물은 '재현' '표현'의 두 가지 유형으로 쓰이고 있었다. 한국적인 멋이 담긴 특정 공간을 모방하는 '재현'은 2개 정원이, 작가의 생각을 추상적인 개념이나 사물의 형상으로 나타내는 '표현'은 4개 정원이, '재현'과 '표현' 모두 사용한 정원은 3개 정원이다. 주제를 식물로 드러내는 방법은 '재현'보다 '표현'의 경향이 강했다. 한국적인 멋을 '재현'하는 공간은 채마밭, 수돗가, 연못, 들판, 자연, 한옥 중정, 대나무밭, 기와 지붕, 돌담, 바위, 산자락과 연결된 뒷마당 11개로 식재는 식물의 생태적 특성만을 반영하거나, 생태적 특성과 시각적 특성을 함께 고려한 2가지 경우로 나타났다. 생태적 특성을 반영한 식재는 11개 공간 모두에서 관찰되었는데, 9개 공간은 식물의 생육환경을 잘 반영한 반면, 나머지 2개는 작가의 의도와 달리 식물의 생태적 특성을 제대로 반영하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 생태적 시각적 특성을 함께 고려한 4개의 공간의 경우, 시각적 특성으로 색상과 크기가 고려되었다. 주제를 '표현'한 7개 공간의 식물은 생태적 특성을 반영하기보다는 색상, 형태, 질감, 크기 순으로 시각적인 특성을 반영하여 선정되었고, 군식의 배식법도 적용되고 있었다. 공간을 구성하는 소재로 식물을 활용한 경우, Norman(1989)이 제시한 공간 위요변수 3가지(관개면, 수직면, 지피면)를 기준으로 분석하였는데, 관개면에는 단 2종의 낙엽 교목이 사용되고 있었고, 수직면에는 상록성 관목이 5종, 낙엽성은 30종으로 낙엽성 식물이 다양하게 사용되었다. 바닥면을 형성하는 식물은 45종(목본 9종, 초본 36종)으로, 정원별로 중복되지 않고, 다양한 초본이 활용되고 있었다. 이것은 가든쇼의 작가정원이 새로운 지피식물 소재를 대중에게 소개하는 역할을 하고 있다는 것을 보여준다. 9개 정원 중 3개 정원은 그저 장식적으로 사용된 식물이 없었고, 다른 정원에서도 장식적인 식물의 사용은 식재종수에 비해 미약한 편으로 코리아가든쇼 작가 정원에서 식물은 대부분 주제를 드러내거나, 공간을 구성하는 의도를 가지고 활용되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 2016년 코리아가든쇼 작가 정원에서 식물은 공간을 구성하기 보다는 주제를 드러내는 소재로 많은 수종이 활용되고 있었으며, 주제를 드러내는 방법은 '재현'보다는 '표현'의 방법을 사용한 정원이 많은 것으로 보아, 식물은 생태적 특성보다는 색상, 형태, 질감, 크기 등 시각적 특성을 보다 많이 반영하여 식재되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. This study was performed to determine what the plant material were selected to reflect in the 2016 Korea Garden Show designer's garden. It was analyzed that plant material was used to display the theme of the garden and to create a specific space. Under the given theme of 'K-Garden, Shinhallyu Garden(new style garden culture) with the most Korean taste', the plants were used to highlight the theme in two types: 'representation' and 'expression'. There were two 'representation' gardens that imitate a particular space of Korean taste and four 'expression' gardens that showcase the designer's thoughts with abstract concepts and concrete objects. Three gardens included both types of garden. The way of revealing the subject with plants was used more for 'expression' than for 'representation'. There were eleven spaces for 'representation' of the Korean taste, a vegetable garden, faucet, pond, field, nature, a Hanok court garden, groves of bamboo, tile roof, stone wall, rock and backyard of a Hanok connected to the mountain. The planting material was used in two ways: reflecting only the ecological characteristics of the plant, and considering the ecological and visual characteristics together. Vegetation plantings reflecting the ecological characteristics were observed in all eleven spaces. Nine of the spaces reflected the growth environment of the plants, but the other two did not reflect the ecological characteristics of the plants, unlike the designer's intention. In the case of the four spaces that considered the ecological and visual characteristics together, color and size were considered visual characteristics. The plants in the seven spaces that included 'expression' as the theme were selected to reflect the visual characteristics in the order of color, shape, texture, and size, rather than reflecting ecological characteristics. A group planting method was applied. When the plants were used as materials for creating space, Norman(1989) analyzed three enclosure factors(overhead, vertical, ground plane). Only two deciduous trees were used in the overhead plane while five species of evergreen shrubs and thirty species of various deciduous plants were used in the vertical plane. There were forty-five species (nine trees and thirty-six herbaceous plants) forming the ground plane, and various herbaceous plants were utilized without duplication in each garden. The designer's garden of the Garden Show played a role in introducing new groundcover plants to the public. Three of the nine gardens did not include ornamental plants, and the use of decorative plants in other gardens was few compared to the number of plantings. In the Korea Garden Show designer's garden, most of the plants were being used with the intention of exposing the theme or architectural uses. In the 2016 Korea Garden Show designer's garden, many species of plants were used as materials for showcasing themes rather than for creating spaces. Also, the method of 'expression' was used more than the method of 'representation' in order to highlight the theme. This indicates that the planting materials reflect visual characteristics such as color, shape, texture, size rather than ecological characteristics.

세계화와 상호공존의 시민정신: 하퍼 리의 『앵무새 죽이기』

이정희 ( Chung Hee Lee ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2004 현대영미소설 Vol.11 No.1

A Study on the Incorporation of Sulfate-sulfur into Sulfur-containing Protein

이정희,전세열,신상주,Lee, Chung-Hee,Chun, Sea-Yull,Shinn, Sang-Joou 생화학분자생물학회 1971 한국생화학회지 Vol.4 No.1

고등동물에 있어서 황산염 유황의 단백질 전환은 소화관내에 기식하는 미생물의 도움으로만 가능한 것으로 알려져 있으나 본 실험에서는 고등 동물자체가 독자적으로 그와 같은 기능을 가졌는가를 구명하고져 반추초식덩물 아닌 토끼를 이용하여 표지된 황산염을 여러가지 방법으로 투여하여 그것이 단백질 합성에 이용됨을 구명하였고 토끼가 그와 같은 능력을 독자적으로 지녔음을 확인하였다. 각 기관에 있어서의 방사능 분포 상태도 아울러 조사하였다. Hinted by a symbiotic relationship between rumen microorganisms and host ruminant in utilization of inorganic sulfur compounds such as sodium sulfate and ammonium sulfate, an investigation was conducted to determine a similar symbiotic effect between ceacum microflora and host rabbit, for ammonium sulfate. Radioactivity of fecal emission was detected from the first day of administration but the radioactive compound(s) was not precipitated by barium chloride. A similar fact was found when the labelled sulfate-sulfur was administered by intraperitoneal injection. When urinary ejection was fractionated into 3 parts, namely, trichloroacetic acid precipitate, barium chloride precipitate and supernatant fractions, radioactivity was almost equally distributed into barium chloride precipitable and supernatant fractions with a minor beta-ray emission from TCA precipitated fraction. Radioactivity was detected in hairs of experimental subjects regardless the mode of drug administration. Our finding shows that angola rabbit possesses per se the capacity of such utilization independent to its ceacum microflora. Liver homogenates made 48 hours after the suspension of drug administrations showed no radioactive emission from its barium chloride precipitated fracton. Majorities of beta-ray emission was detected in the TCA precipitated fraction. A minor amount of count, detected from supernatant is interpreted as an evidence that in the liver, transformation of inorganic sulfate sulfur into other sulfur compound (s) is a pre-requisite for protein incorporation or other physiological or metabolic process. The results of in vitro test for microbial incorporation of labelled sulfate-sulfur show that when ceacum microfiora are incubated under anaerobic conditions the microorganisms can incorporate the labelled element into their cellular protein. The capacity of doing so seems to be increased by a prolonged exposure to or contact with such compound expressed otherwise, they can be trained to do so.

기획논문 : 한국 무당파의 정치적 참여와 태도양식 -연구지평 확대를 위한 시론적 고찰-

이정희 ( Chung Hee Lee ) 한국외국어대학교 글로벌정치연구소 2009 글로벌정치연구 Vol.2 No.2

이 논문은 우리나라 정당정치와 의회정치의 풍향계라 할 수 있는 무당파의 정치참여 양태에 대한 시론적 고찰이다. 무당파의 존재와 확산 그리고 정치적 역할에 대한 새로운 조망은 우리나라의 민주화 과정, 그리고 정당정치와 선거과정에 대한 관심의 결과다. 따라서 무당파에 대한 연구는 한국 정치현상과 동떨어진 연구가 아니라 정당과 선거, 정치 문화, 나아가 정치체계 전반과 밀접히 연계되어 있어야 한다. 무당파의 서구적 개념을 적용하여 미시적 분석이 본격화되고 있는 시점에서 총체적 연구를 위한 성찰이 필요하다. 우선, 무당파의 존재양식을 파악하는 것이 필요하다. 한국의 무당파가 어떠한 역사적 맥락에서 생성, 성장하였고, 앞으로 그 중요성은 어떻게 변화할 것인가를 중요한 연구주제로 삼아야 한다. 또한 정치문화에 따라 무당파의 행태가 다르고, 행태의 정치적 효과는 다르게 나타난다는 점에서, 우리나라 정치 문화의 중요한 특징인 권위주의와 지역주의와 연계하여 무당파의 정치참여 행태를 분석하는 것이 중요하다. 가장 직접적 연계성을 지닌 정당체계와 선거제도의 특성과 함께 급변하는 정치 환경을 주시해야 한다. This article is a study on the pattern of the political participation of non-committed people that is a barometer of party politics and parliamentary politics in Korea. The new outlook about the existence, diffusion, and political role of non-committed people results from democratization and concern with the party politics and the process of election. Therefore, the study on the non-committed people should be closely in conjunction with parties and elections, political culture, and, further, the whole of the political system. It is necessary to contemplate the overall study now that microanalysis has hit its stride in application by Western studies of the non-committed people. It is crucial to know in what sort of historical context the non-committed people were created and grew and how the non-committed people will change in terms of importance in the near future. It is significant to analyze the patterns of the political participation of non-committed people in terms of authoritarianism and regionalism, which are important distinctions in Korean political culture. Keeping an eye on the rapidly changing political situation as well as on the characteristics of the party and election systems is required.

생명공학기술과 언어 관계에서의 포스트휴먼 비전: 마가렛 앳우드의 『오릭스와 크레이크』

이정희 ( Chung-hee Lee ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2020 현대영미소설 Vol.27 No.2

This paper aims to propose the posthuman ethics, investigating what results come out when humans intend to increase their own happiness through the excessive applications of biotechnology in Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake. This study pursues the affirmative solutions to resurrect language and empathy, because this novel shows the degradations of language and recognition when humans become the indiscrete consumers dominated by the ruthless empowerment of neoliberal corporations. This novel represents that in the post-apocalyptic devastated world driven by the geneticist Crake’s annihilating humans in his totalitarian transgenetic vision, Jimmy (Snowman) struggles to survive and reanimate the language in his self-reconstruction. This novel suggests the eco-posthuman ethical vision because Snowman can understand the bioengineered hominids Crakers’s virtues of accepting otherness, communal cooperations and environmental adaptability. The eco-posthuman reading leads to the positive solutions of vital materialism that we can see the nature not as the uncontaminated pastoral garden but as the postnatural generative space overlapped with human and nonhuman. This perspective offers that we should pursue the postanthropocentrism paradigms. If we read the Crakers as the posthuman subjectivities, the tone of this dystopian novel can be reversed as the hopeful utopian one. The Crakers’s virtues can expand the possibilities for humanity and human consciousness. The Crakers can nourish our compassion and community solidarity for the betterment of futuristic society. As Snowman has struggled to survive at the wasteland and to invent new narration in leading the Crakers, he can become a new posthuman and move toward the other human survivors for their reconciliations in the end of this novel. This novel would suggest the vital posthuman ethics, because Snowman’s narrative future opens the geo-zoe-technology correlation and coevolution.

일상성 추구와 포스트휴먼 생명윤리 미학: 돈 드릴로의 『제로 K』

이정희 ( Chung-hee Lee ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2021 현대영미소설 Vol.28 No.3

This paper aims to examine the process that Jeffrey Lockhart attains the posthuman subjectivity through rejecting the illusion of immortality and finding the wonder in his daily life in Don DeLillo’s Zero K. Jeffrey observes that the Convergence, the cryonics facility in which his father Ross invests is revealed as a compound to put the humans into the ‘life in death’ situation. Jeffrey’s visit to the Convergence is the journey to the underworld for his awakening, because he recognizes the vitality in the life-death continuum and the importance of becoming a vital subject. He realizes that pursuing the ‘radiance in dailiness’ makes him escape from the solipsism, take care of the others and participate in the community. This novel suggests the posthuman bioethical vision, emphasizing on the pursuit of dailiness in everyday life and the embodiment in material world. Zero K portrays the humans on the planet at the risk of extinction in the Anthropocene. DeLillo writes his counternarrative against the transhuman fantasy of the life extension by the cryopreservation. The plot story is developed in Ross and Jeffrey’s binary viewpoints of human existence. Motivated with his wife Artis’s terminal multiple-sclerosis and the intention to extend her life, Ross invests in the Convergence enterprise. Jeffrey shows his concerns with human limitedness and mortality, as he dismisses the Convergence’s illusion of immortality. In conclusion, DeLillo wants to reverse the desires of disembodiment in the technologically accelerated world. DeLillo suggests the affirmative posthuman bioethical vision, through Jeffrey’s understanding the importances of vital subjectivity and communal consciousness in the co-evolutionary relations with zoe-geo-technology continuum.

포스트휴먼 시대의 윤리의식 비전: 메릴린 로빈슨의 『길리어드』

이정희 ( Chung Hee Lee ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2016 현대영미소설 Vol.23 No.2

This paper examines a posthuman ethical vision in Marilynne Robinson`s Gilead, because this novel represents a new imaginative Utopian prospect. She maintains posthuman attitude, in reconsidering the meaning of humanity and sustaining the human nature at this point of time when transhuman prophets declare the ``end of humankind`` and insist the application of unfettered enhancement technology. As an epistolary writing to give the wisdom of life to his 7 year-old son, Gilead is Reverend John Ames` memoir about the intertwinements and reconciliation of his father and grandfather in their intricate past, sharing the cleric lives as the Congregational pastors in Gilead, Iowa. The father-son relationship is repeatedly described in a symbol of the Communion as the means of sanctification. As the Prodigal Son, Jack Boughton`s return challenges Ames to perform forgiveness. Finally Ames reconciles with Jack as his true affectionate son, forgives and blesses him, finding the beauty and goodness in him through the eye of God. This novel represents Robinson`s prophetic vision, how the novel can contribute to the conversation with bioethics. This novel suggests an alternative to Transhuman dominant vision that tries to transform human nature. Robinson`s theologically aesthetic viewpoint shows the opposition against propelling the rapid biotechnology revolution. While Transhumanists want to evolve biologically, Posthumanists want to preserve the principle of human nature and to perform its own inner change of the human conscious. Robinson`s solution to ``what is human`` can be found in sanctification of the dailiness. She emphasizes that humans can lead their good lives when they keep hope for the telos, see it and cooperate with others. With the gradual technology development, she suggests that humans should search for the futuristic values through practicing the love for the neighbor and making the community towards coexistence.

정보화시대와 백인자아의 허상 : 돈 들릴로의 『백색소음』 Don DeLillo`s White Noise

이정희 ( Chung Hee Lee ) 한국아메리카학회 2007 美國學論集 Vol.39 No.2

일반논문 : 한일협정반대운동의 추진과 전개: 운동주체, 운동양태, 이념정향을 중심으로

이정희 ( Chung Hee Lee ) 한국외국어대학교 글로벌정치연구소 2015 글로벌정치연구 Vol.8 No.1

이 연구는 50년 전 한일국교정상화 회담이 진행되던 기간 지속되었던 한일협정반대운동의 주체, 그들의 정치적 주장과 이념, 운동양태의 변화를 기존의 역사적 기술과 국회 본회의와 관련 상임위원회 속기록을 분석하여 되새김질하였다. 한일협정반대운동의 주체와 운동방식은 유동성과 다양성을 보여주고 있다. 초기 3·24 시위는 소수의 민족주의비교연구회의 리더 집단의 주도로 시작되었으나, 비준 저지의 단계에서는 전국대학 연합조직인 각 대학연합체가 주체로 등장한다. 운동의 양태는 일사분란하게 움직여야 하는 경우 작은 규모의 수직적 조직이 필요하지만, 대중적이며 분산적 운동의 경우 수평적이며 느슨한 조직 운용이 유리하다. 결국 상황의 변화와 효율적 운동의 접점에서 운동조직의 확대와 연대체의 결성을 위해 넘어야할 걸림돌이 산재했다. 한일협정반대에서 나타난 이념적 정향은 민족주의, 반외세, 반미, 반일과 혐일, 그리고 반정부, 민주 등이다. 이념적 정향의 변화기조는 민족주의가 일관되게 지속되는 가운데 반정부와 민주의 이념이 부가되었다. The purpose of this paper is to explore the changing pictures of anti-movement against the normalization of Korea-Japan diplomatic relations fifty years ago. It focuses on the actors, organizations, political ideologies and claims by analyzing historical records and documents such as congressional stenographic records. The first stage of 3.24 demonstration was led by small elite group of college students and later the leading organization was enlarged and loosened as the movement became popular. Ideological orientations of anti-movement were mainly nationalism and anti-Japan. As anti-movements became accelerated, anti-government and anti-america slogan additionally prevailed. Although the period of anti-movement against the Korea-Japan diplomatic normalization was not that long, the process was so dynamic and changing pictures of actors, organizations, ideologies were vividly observed.