A Scheme for Filtering SNPs Imputed in 8,842 Korean Individuals Based on the International HapMap Project Data

이기찬,김상수 한국유전체학회 2009 Genomics & informatics Vol.7 No.2

Genome-wide association (GWA) studies may benefit from the inclusion of imputed SNPs into their dataset. Due to its predictive nature, the imputation process is typically not perfect. Thus, it would be desirable to develop a scheme for filtering out the imputed SNPs by maximizing the concordance with the observed genotypes. We report such a scheme, which is based on the combination of several parameters that are calculated by PLINK, a popular GWA analysis software program. We imputed the genotypes of 8,842 Korean individuals, based on approximately 2 million SNP genotypes of the CHB+JPT panel in the International HapMap Project Phase II data, complementing the 352k SNPs in the original Affymetrix 5.0 dataset. A total of 333,418 SNPs were found in both datasets, with a median concordance rate of 98.7%. The concordance rates were calculated at different ranges of parameters, such as the number of proxy SNPs (NPRX), the fraction of successfully imputed individuals (IMPUTED), and the information content (INFO). The poor concordance that was observed at the lower values of the parameters allowed us to develop an optimal combination of the cutoffs (IMPUTED≥0.9 and INFO≥0.9). A total of 1,026,596 SNPs passed the cutoff, of which 94,364 were found in both datasets and had 99.4% median concordance. This study illustrates a conservative scheme for filtering imputed SNPs that would be useful in GWA studies.

뇌손상 환자의 의식장애에 대한 TRH-T(Hirtonyl^(�))의 임상효과

이기찬,김관태 최신의학사 1988 最新醫學 Vol.31 No.1

腦부종의 最近療法

이기찬 한국의학사 1984 診斷과治療 Vol.4 No.3

좌골신경의 실험적 주사 손상

이기찬 고려대학교 의과대학 1975 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.12 No.3

The peripheral nerves are subject to injury by pressure, constriction caused by fascial bands, trauma associated with injection of drugs, perforating wounds, fracture of the bones and stretching of the nerves. The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body. In clinical practice a serious sciatic nerve injury may result from an errornous injection of commonly used antibiotics and other therapeutic or prophylactic agents into the gluteal region which can occur at any age, especially common in infants children and small debilitated patients. Although many isolated cases and several other series of injury have been reported, the pathogenesis, the pathology and the physiology of injection injury of the peripheral nerves in man have been poorly studied. Experimental injuries of the sciatic nerve in this study were induced in normal adult rabbits by injection of various drugs into the nerve and its perineural soft tissue. The drugs used were rheumapyrine, penicillin, chloromycetin and normal physiological saline solution. Experimental animals were divided into four groups depending on injected materials. The right sciatic nerve was injected intraneurally and the left sciatic nerve was given on the soft tissue perineurally. For the histopathological studies, tissue specimens were obtained at intervals of 1,3,7 and 21 days after the injection. And for the functional studies on the nerve, contractability of the triceps surae muscle of the hind limb at intervals of 1,3,5,15 and 30 minutes after the injection and rheobase, chonxie and of strength-duration curve of both anterior tibialis muscle and triceps surae muscle of the hind limb at intervals of 1,2,3 and 4 weeks after injection were recorded by physiograph and chronaxie meter. The most marked reaction against drug was observed in the group of rheumapyrine injections. It was followed by penicillin and chloromycetin in descending order. Chemical toxicity of drugs was the most responsible factor for damaging the nerve. Intraneural injection of rheumapyrine induced irreversible damage to nervous tissue with resulting fibrosis in perineural tissue. Intraneural injection of penicillin caused transient reversible damage to nervous tissue and perineural deposition of collagen. Intraneural injection of chloromycetin produced early reversible damage to nervous tissue and persistent inflammatory reaction in soft tissue. Perineural injection of rheumapyrine, penicillin and chloromycetin induced mild damage to nervous tissue with moderate inflammatory reaction in soft tissue. No significant histopathological changes were observed in both verve and soft tissue in the group of normal saline injection. The physiogram showed th greatest reduction in contractability of the muscles in rheumapyrine, moderate reduction in penicillin and the least reduction in chloromycetin group. In the measurements of rheobase and chronaxie there were marked increase of values in group of rheumapyrine injection. There was no significant differences in values among the groups of penicillin, chloromycetin and saline injections in comparison with those in the control group. In the analysis of strength-duration curve, it showed a pattern of complete denervation in 3 cases and a pattern of partial denervation in 3 out of 8 cases with rheumapyrine, and a pattern of partial denervation in 3 out of 6 cases with penicillin and 2 out 8 cases with chloromycetin. There was no significant differences in values of rheobase, chronaxie and strength-duration curve as time elapsed following the injury. It was postulated that functional and physiological disabilities were developel after the injection injury when there was a severe degree of nerve damages on the basis of histop-athological study.

뇌손상환자의 예후에 관한 임상적 연구

이기찬,김윤 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1987 충남의대잡지 Vol.14 No.1

This study was made to evaluate the difference in the prognosis between traumatic and non-traumatic brain damaged patients and based on a prospective study of 217 brain damaged patients admitted to ICU of Chungnam National University Hospital during recent 2 years with GCS less than 12 for at least 6 hours after attack. The results were as following ; 1. 70.5% of 217 cases were traumatic and 29.5% were non-traumatic group. 2. Traumatic group showed the relatively even age and seasonal distribution and male predominancy. Majority of causes were traffic accident and fall. Focal lesions were more frequent than diffuse lesion and the most common focal lesion was acute epidural hematoma. 3. Non-traumatic brain damage occurred predominantly in the fourth and fifth decade and males outnumbered females by almost 2 to 1 and occurred frequently in spring and winter. Hypertensive intracerebral hematoma was the commonest lesion(over 50%). 4. The incidence of the associated injuries in traumatic group was about 35% and the site of associated injuries were distributed in face, limbs and chest in order. Chest, abdomen and multiple injuries were more frequent in the GCS group of 8 or less. 5. The incidence of skull fracture was about 71% and there was no significant difference in the type of fracture according to each GCS group. 6. Even though same age and GCS group, the mortality rate was higher in non-traumatic group than in traumatic group. 7. The mortality rate of the hypotensive patients in traumatic group and the hypertensive patients in non-traumatic group was significantly higher than of patients with nomal blood pressure in each group. 8. Even though same pupillary and motor response, the mortality rate was high in non-traumatic group than in traumatic group. 9. The mortality rate increased in proportion to the degree of midline shift on brain CT but the patients without shift among non-traumatic group showed higher mortality rate than of the patients with mild or moderate shift. 10. Higher motality rate was noted in the surgical cases of traumatic group and conservative cases of non-traumatic group. 11. The motality related to complications was higher in nontraumatic group than in traumatic group. 12. Even though same GCS group, the prognos was different according to lesion type and the largest difference in distribution of mortality and good recovery rate between traumatic and nontraumatic group was noted in the GCS 6-8 group. 13. The mortality rate of non-traumatic group (59.4%) was higher than of traumatic group (47.1%) but the good recovery rate higher in traumatic group (33.3%) than of non-traumatic group. Even though same GCS group, non-traumatic group showed high mortality rate than traumatic group.

두뇌외상

李基燦 최신의학사 1984 最新醫學 Vol.27 No.2

뇌부종에 대한 실험적 연구 : 제2보 Part Ⅱ

이기찬,이영구,전동휘,계종수,주정화 대한신경외과학회 1974 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.3 No.2

The experiments were carried out on 48 rabbits weighing between 1.7 and 2 ㎏. The occurrence and changes of experimental brain edma have been studied by calculating wet weight, volume, dry weight, and percentage of both water content and swelling in the rabbits. The brain edema and swelling were produced by expansion of laminaria which was expanded gradually in the supratentorial extradural space of rabbit, and also, the brain edema wih swelling were induced by intravenous injection of distilled water and pitressin. The effect of mannitol and steroid to these experimental brain edema with swelling and, especially, the effect and reaction of ethyl alcohol and diphenyl hydantoin on brain edema in, distilled-water and pitressin groups were studied and the results obtained are as follows: The weight, volume, and percentages of water content and swelling in the compressed sides of hemisphere showed higher values compared them to the opposite noncompressed hemisphere in the "laminaria-compression" group and showed gradually increasing tendency as the time elapsed. The effect of mannitolization to "laminaria-compression" group showed anti-brain edema reaction while there showed no such effect after steroid injection. The acute brain edema with swelling was demonstrated in pitressin and distilled-water group by showing increased percentages of water and swelling than these of control group. Although the intravenous dilantin injection to these experimental groups showed no appreciable effect on anti-brain edema reaction and effect.

좌골신경의 실험적 주사 손상

이기찬 고려대학교 의과대학 1975 고려대학교 의과대학 잡지 Vol.12 No.3

전교통동맥류의 치료에서 전대뇌동맥근위부 결찰술에 대한 소고

이기찬,주정하,전동휘,노순성 대한신경외과학회 1977 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.6 No.2

A direct intracranial operative approach that occludes the neck of the aneurysmal sac by clipping, and excludes it from the circulation without interference with the lumen of the parent vessel, is the ideal treatment of symptomatic intracranial aneurysm. With this procedure, however, there is no assurance of complete obliteration of the aneurysmal sac. Furthermore aneurysms arising from the anterior communicating artery are particularly dangerous because of the effects produced by spasm of the important neighboring perforating vessels. Since Logue published on the treatment of anterior communicating aneurysms by proximal ligation of an anterior cerebral artery in 1956, there has been by the large number of series of cases reported by other surgeons. Tindall classified three pattern of angiographic filling in patients with anterior communicating aneurysms and in type Ⅲ, each anteior cerebral artery fills from its respective side, while the aneurysm fills from one side only, proximal ligation of anterior cerebral artery was performed with good effect. Five patients with anterior communicating artery aneurysma were treated by proximal occlusion, of the dominant anterior cerebral artery with no mortality or morbidity. There was also instance of recurrent hemorrhage during the follow up period for 8 months to 5 years. We thought this operative procedure, therefore, can offer a highly acceptable result if the surgeon applies strict criteria to patient selection. Technically, the procedure was simple, eaier and could be performed more quickly than the direct attack.

應急을 要하는 神經外科的 疾患의 類型과 診斷 및 그 對策(Ⅰ)

李基燦 한국의학사 1982 診斷과治療 Vol.2 No.8