산증(疝症)의 개념변화(槪念變化)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究) (금원(金元) - 명대(明代))

이주은,오수석,이용태,Lee, Joo-Eun,Oh, Soo-Suk,Lee, Yong-Tae 대한동의생리학회 2006 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.20 No.6

The korean oriental medicine dose not actively apply San syndrome(that is, colic syndrome) to the clinic because its concept is not established concretely even though it has definitely existed as a disease of human being from the time of Naegyeong to these days. Thus the author writes this thesis to establish the concept of San syndrome by the research of literature for the purpose of promoting clinical application. Study on the concept of San syndrome through the statements written by medical practitioners of each period comes to the following conclusions. The concept of San syndrome stated by various medical practitioners does not deviate from that in Hwangjenaegyeong. Most of them simply modify and supplement it. San syndrome refers to the case when the contents of abdominal cavity protrude to outside and when swelling and pain around the genital organs, or fierce pain in abdomen comes with constipation and dysuria. There are three methods of classifications of 7 San syndromes in large. The first one is the classification in Hwangjenaegyeong, the second one is that of So Wonbang, and the third one is that of Jang Jahwa .Among them ,Jang Jahwa's classification has occupied the most influential position since Hwangjenaegyeong, in which, there are seven Sans; Han-San, Su-San, Geun-San, Hyul-San, Gi-San, Ho-San, and Toe-San. On the basis of his classification, the concept of San Syndrome is established by posterity. The causes of San syndrome are claimed in three ways. In Hwangjenaegyeong , Cold and Ki are described. Ju Dangye assorted Damp-Heat. Heo Jun maintained Cold, Ki and Damp-Heat. Ju Dangye made enlargement and progress on the etiology in Hwangjenaegyeong from Cold and Ki to Damp-Heat. Heo Jun reasonably combined Cold, Gi, and Damp-Heat as the pathogen of San syndrome. There are two meridians closely related to San syndrome. in Hwangjenaegyeong, the Conception meridian is designated, Ju Dangye insisted on the Liver meridian of Foot Gyuleum. His theory that the Liver meridian entirely governs San syndrome is accepted by posterity. Ru Young in Myeong dynasty complementarily combined the concept In Hwangje -naegyeong, classifications of Jang Jahwa, and Ju Dangye's theory. He was followed by Gong Jeonghyeon, Lee Cheon, and Heo Jun, and finally related to Jisan in present time. Heo Jun has completed the standard of San syndrome by combining opinions of anterior medical practitioners. He complied with Naegyeong and Yang Sayoung's view in symptoms, and classified into seven categories according to Jang Jahwa's advocation. in the pathogenesis, he followed up Naegyeong in which Cold and Ki were designated as a cause and Ju Dangye's theory that San syndrome was caused by Damp-Heat, congested fluids, retention of undigested food, and stagnated blood. For meridians, he agreed with Ju Dangye's assertion that the Liver meridian entirely governs San syndrome. About Hyungsang of face, Lee Cheon indicated that if the part behind ear was sunken, the person had his kidney hanged below, and if the person had his kidney hanged below, he was susceptible to lumbosacral pain and Ho-San syndromes. Afterwards, Jisan pointed out that persons with the following characteristics in Hyungsang should be considered to have San syndromes; droopy ears, asymmetric wings of nose, unbalanced eyes, curved nose, asymmetric testicles, turned up nose for man, and long nose for woman. By recognizing the concrete features of Hyungsang, Jisan founded Hyungsang medicine, the horizon of oriental medicine.

산증(疝症)의 개념변화(槪念變化)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究) (내경(內經)- 송대(宋代))

이주은,오수석,이용태,Lee, Joo-Eun,Oh, Soo-Suk,Lee, Yong-Tae 대한동의생리학회 2006 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.20 No.2

The korean oriental medicine dose not actively apply San syndrome(that is, colic syndrome) to the clinic because its concept is not established concretely even though it has definitely existed as a disease of human being from the time of Naegyeong to these days. Thus the author writes this thesis to establish the concept of San syndrome by the research of literature for the purpose of promoting clinical application. Study on the concept of San syndrome through the statements written by medical practitioners of each period comes to the following conclusions. The concept of San syndrome stated by various medical practitioners does not deviate from that in Hwangjenaegyeong. Most of them simply modify and supplement it. San syndrome refers to the case when the contents of abdominal cavity protrude to outside and when swelling and pain around the genital organs, or fierce pain in abdomen comes with constipation and dysuria. There are three methods of classifications of 7 San syndromes in large. The first one is the classification in Hwangjenaegyeong, the second one is that of So Wonbang, and the third one is that of Jang Jahwa .Among them ,Jang Jahwa's classification has occupied the most influential position since Hwangjenaegyeong, in which, there are seven Sans; Han-San, Su-San, Geun-San, Hyul-San, Gi-San, Ho-San, and Toe-San. On the basis of his classification, the concept of San syndrome is established by posterity. The causes of San syndrome are claimed in three ways. In Hwangjenaegyeong , Cold and Ki are described. Ju Dangye asserted Damp-Heat. Heo Jun maintained Cold, Ki and Damp-Heat. Ju Dangye made enlargement and progress on the etiology in Hwangjenaegyeong from Cold and Ki to Damp-Heat. Heo Jun reasonably combined Cold, Gi, and Damp-Heat as the pathogen of San syndrome. There are two meridians closely related to San syndrome. In Hwangjenaegyeong, the Conception meridian is designated, Ju Dangye insisted on the Liver meridian of Foot Gyuleum. His theory that the Liver meridian entirely governs San syndrome is accepted by posterity. Ru Young in Myeong dynasty complementarily combined the concept In Hwangjenaegyeong, classifications of Jang Jahwa, and Ju Dangye's theory. He was followed by Gong Jeonghyeon, Lee Cheon, and Heo Jun, and finally related to Jisan in present time. Heo Jun has completed the standard of San syndrome by combining opinions of anterior medical practitioners. He complied with Naegyeong and Yang Sayoung's view in symptoms, and classified into seven categories according to Jang Jahwa's advocation. In the pathogenesis, he followed up Naegyeong in which Cold and Ki were designated as a cause and Ju Dangye's theory that San syndrome was caused by Damp-Heat, congested fluids, retention of undigested food, and stagnated blood. For meridians, he agreed with Ju Dangye's assertion that the Liver meridian entirely governs San syndrome. About Hyungsang of face, Lee Cheon indicated that if the part behind ear was sunken, the person had his kidney hanged below, and if the person had his kidney hanged below, he was susceptible to lumbosacral pain and Ho-San syndromes. Afterwards, Jisan pointed out that persons with the following characteristics in Hyungsang should be considered to have San syndromes; droopy ears, asymmetric wings of nose, unbalanced eyes, curved nose, asymmetric testicles, turned up nose for man, and long nose for woman. By recognizing the concrete features of Hyungsang, Jisan founded Hyungsang medicine, the horizon of oriental medicine.

저출력-장시간 조사와 고출력-단시간 조사에 의한 역치하 레이저 광응고반의 조직학적 변화

이주은,김경환,제승연,이지은,이종수,엄부섭,Joo Eun Lee,Kyeong Hwan Kim,Seung Youn Jea,Ji Eun Lee,Jong Soo Lee,Boo Sup Oum 대한안과학회 2009 대한안과학회지 Vol.50 No.3

Purpose: To compare histopathological and apoptotic changes of ophthalmoscopically similar subthreshold laser burns made by a low power-long duration (LD) and a high power-short duration (SD) subthreshold laser treatment. Methods: Ophthalmoscopically invisible subthreshold laser burns with a 3.0 mm spot size were made using an 810 nm diode laser on the rabbit retina. Lasers were applied for 60 seconds in the LD group, and 1 second in the SD group. Laser power was adjusted to achieve ophthalmoscopically invisible burns just below the threshold. The rabbits were sacrificed at 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours, 1, 2, and 4 weeks after laser treatment. The eyes were processed for light microscopic examination using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), toluidine blue, and TdT-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Eyes were also processed for electron microscopic examination. Results: The changes in the retina were different between the two groups. The LD group showed abundant TUNEL positive cells in all the retinal layers at 6 hours after laser treatment, and distinct histological changes in the outer nuclear layer. Conversely, in the SD group, apoptosis did not occur and histological alteration in the outer nuclear layer was minimal. Conclusions: Subthreshold laser treatment for 1 second reduced damage of the inner retinal layer and did not result in apoptosis in the neurosensory retina while maintaining a similar effect on the RPE and its adjacent region.

유치원 급식의 위생관리 실태조사 및 미생물적 품질평가

이주은,최경숙,강영재,곽동경,Lee, Joo-Eun,Choi, Kyung-Sook,Kang, Young-Jae,Kwak, Tong-Kung 한국식품조리과학회 2012 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.28 No.5

This research aims to audit foodservice sanitation management practices and to assess microbiological quality of foods and their food contact environments in kindergartens. Sanitation auditing was conducted in 10 kindergartens in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon areas to assess the levels of safety practices. Results revealed that the surveyed kindergartens scored 41.4 out of 100 points, on average. The average scores of each category were 6.4/11 (58.1%) for facilities sanitation, 4.2/12 (35.0%) for equipment sanitation, 2.4/10 (24.0%) for personal hygiene, 5.1/10 (51.0%) for food ingredients management, 6.0/17 (35.3%) for production process, 5.4/10 (54.0%) for environmental sanitation, 2.0/6 (33.3%) for kitchen utensils sanitation, and 2.2/6 (96.7%) for safety management. Microbiological quality of raw, prepared foods, personal sanitation (hands), environmental sanitation, and drinking water were assessed. Total plate counts (TPC) of the following menus exceeded the critical limit: seasoned leek (5 log CFU/g), cucumber (5.0 log CFU/g), panbroiled fish paste (TNTC at $10^4$), tangpyeongchae (5.3 log CFU/g), egg rolls (6.1 log CFU/g), panbroiled sausage (TNTC at $10^4$), and soft tofu pot stew (TNTC at $10^4$). Coliform which exceeded the standard limit were detected from seasoned leek (2 log CFU/g), cucumber (2.5 log CFU/g), panbroiled fish paste (2.0 log CFU/g), egg roll (3.8 log CFU/g), tangpyeongchae (4.0 log CFU/g), panbroiled sausage (2.3 log CFU/g), and soft tofu pot stew (3.7 log CFU/g). For seasoned foods (muchim), S. aureus ranged 2.2~2.9 log CFU/g. In food workers' hands, microbial profiles ranged 3.8~7.9 log CFU/hand for TPC, ND~4.5 log CFU/hand for coliforms, ND~4.7 log CFU/hand for S. aureus, and ND~5.3 log CFU/hand for Enterobacteriaceae. Microbiological profiles of food contact surface of knives, cutting boards, dish-clothes, and trays showed possibilities of cross-contamination. General bacteria were 2.1~4.5 logCFU/ml in 4 purified water samples and E. coli were found in the kitchen of one kindergarten. These results suggested that environmental sanitation management practices need more strict improvement: effective sanitation education methods and practices were strongly required, and more strict sanitation management for cooking utensils and equipment were required.

염산용액에서 Cyanex 572를 사용하여 [Sm]/[Pr, Nd] 분리를 위한 향류추출 공정변수 계산

이주은,소홍일,장인환,안재우,김홍인,이진영,Lee, Joo-eun,So, Hong-il,Jang, In-hwan,Ahn, Jae-woo,Kim, Hong-in,Lee, Jin-young 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2018 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.27 No.5

For the purpose of optimizing the counter current extraction process for separation of [Sm] and [Pr, Nd] group in hydrochloric acid solution using Cyanex 572 as an extractant, the theory of Xu Guangxian was derived for calculating the optimized extraction factors. From the basic batch test result, the separation factor of [Sm]/[Pr, Nd] was 14.59 at pH 1.75 in extraction process and 14.61 at 0.01 M HCl in scrubbing process. The process parameters can be calculated using a theory of optimum extraction ratio. From the result of calculation, the total extraction and scrubbing stage numbers at counter current process were 11 and for maintain extraction ratio the flow rate ratio of feed solution, solvent solution, scrubbing solution was 6.25 : 1.74 : 5.80 using 0.1 M HCl.

Cyanex 572를 사용하여 [Pr, Nd, Sm]/[La]분리에 대한 향류추출공정 설계

이주은,소홍일,장인환,안재우,김홍인,이진영,Lee, Joo-eun,So, Hong-Il,Jang, In-Hwan,Ahn, Jae-Woo,Kim, Hong-in,Lee, Jin-young 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2018 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.27 No.4

추출제로 Cyanex 572를 사용하여 혼합 용액에서 [Pr, Nd, Sm]그룹과 [La]을 분리하기 위하여 Xu Guangxian이 제시한 이론에 의하여 향류추출 공정의 최적 추출 공정 변수를 계산하고자 하였다. 기초실험으로부터 두 그룹의 최적 분리계수는 추출 공정의 경우 16.80, 세정공정에서는 21.48 이었고, 1.0 M Cyanex 572에 의한 희토류 성분의 추출용량은 0.12 M 이었다. 공정 개발에 필요한 추출 단수, 세정 단수, 유량비 등에 대하여 최적 추출비 이론에 의해 계산하였다. 계산 결과 두 그룹의 희토류 분리에 필요한 단수는 추출 7단 및 세정 4단이며, 원료용액, 추출용액 및 세정용액의 유량비는 25 : 5.67 : 12.27 이었다.

오컬트를 통한 조화로운 세계의 추구 -레메디오스 바로의 회화를 중심으로-

이주은 ( Joo Eun Lee ) 고려대학교 스페인·라틴아메리카연구소 2015 스페인라틴아메리카연구 Vol.8 No.2

이 논문은 초현실주의자 레메디오스 바로(1908-1963)의 작품에 나타난 오컬트적인 요소와 바로의 마술적 세계관을 해석한다. 바로는 파리에서 초현실주의 그룹에 참여함으로써 기독교는 물론 교육적, 철학적, 성적인 틀에서 벗어날 수 있었으며, 멕시코에서 마침내 자신의 표현 방식과 오컬티즘에 바탕을 둔 시각적 상징들을 만들게 된다. 바로의 작품에서 주가 되는 여성 마법사 이미지는 물질세계에 신비로운 변형을 가하는 창조자이다. 그 외에도 연금술적 상징성을 띤 달걀, 타로카드식의 여행, 수피교의 소리와 빛, 해와 달, 그리고 식물과 동물 등의 각종 모티프들은 모두 물질세계의 경계를 넘나들면서 우주와 연결되는 마법적 세계관을 담고있다. 그녀의 작품은 초현실주의의 선도자인 브르통이 언급한 연통관 개념을 구체적으로 실현하고 있다. 초현실주의는 인간해방의 혁명을 외쳤음에도 불구하고 여성을 창조의 위치에서 배제시켰지만, 바로는 예술이라는 마법을 통해 여성을 세상의 주체로 내세우는 것은 물론 세상을 변형시킬 실천의 방법까지 모색했던 것이다. This thesis investigates the occult vision of Remedios Varo(1908-1963). Varo gave shape to her imaginative fantasy upon her personal experiences of education, war and imprisonment. Her experience of mysticism and alchemy after she settled herself in Mexico in 1949 was another factor that affected Varo, pushing her further to seek more metaphysical dimension in her works. Varo attempted to overcome all the rules of physics by pursuing balance and harmony in the new dimension of the world. This connects to the surrealist spirit as well. But in those days male surrealists tended to distort the female bodies in violent ways for their own desire. Varo as a female surrealist went beyond the limit of the then surrealist method through the application of the occult to her artwork. It verifies that Varo’s attitude, which seeks a harmony that comes from a subjective experience, is sublimated itself to an occult aesthetic as well as a woman’s surrealist revolution.

발열체 탈부착형 발열조끼의 디자인 개발

이주은 ( Joo Eun Lee ),이병홍 ( Byung Hong Lee ) 한국패션비즈니스학회 2014 패션 비즈니스 Vol.18 No.5

The influence from the increased income and aging society has amplified the interest in the well-being trend and health. People tend to enjoy sports and outdoor life. The development of smart clothing containing heating function to help maintain body temperature has been actively researched after the mid 2000s. However, the domestic study on heating clothing is severely limited. Practical study on designing heating clothing which can be commercialized is needed. The purpose of this study is to develop a commercialized detachable heating vest design through collaboration with a heating vest manufacturer. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Conducted the interview with manufacturer and a demand survey with consumers in order to develop the heating vest design. 2) Developed heating vest design that reflected the wants in the demand survey and sketched the prototype of detachable heating vest. 3) Made a sample of the heating vest and tested the wearability to illustrate the result of this study. Overall, the wearing test result showed high satisfaction for both gender.

병원시장 경쟁이 퇴행성 요추질환 환자의 진료비 및 재원일수에 미치는 영향

이주은 ( Joo Eun Lee ),박은철 ( Eun-Cheol Park ),이상규 ( Sang Gyu Lee ),김태현 ( Tae Hyun Kim ) 한국병원경영학회 2017 병원경영학회지 Vol.22 No.4

요추질환 환자의 의료이용과 진료비가 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 그 동안에 병원과 전문병원의 증가에 의한 경쟁 심화가 최근 요추수술 현황에 영향을 미쳤을 것이다. 하지만 아직 병원시장 경쟁이 병원 효율성에 영향을 미쳤을 것이라는 실증적 근거가 부족하다. Methodology: 본 연구는 2002년도, 2010년도 국민건강보험 표본코호트 자료와 보건복지부·한국보건사회연구원 환자조사퇴원환자자료를 바탕으로 퇴행성 요추질환 입원환자 총 24,768명을 대상으로 하였다. 시장구조-시장행태-시장성 (S-C-P) 모형을 적용하여 혼란변수를 보정한 후, 환자수준, 병원수준 변수를 포함하여 다수준 혼합모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. Findings: 병원경쟁이 증가할수록 퇴행성 요추질환 입원환자의 진료비 (β =57.5, p<.0001 in 2002; β =353.7, p<.0001 in 2010) 와 재원일수 (β =0.3, p<.0001 in 2002; β =0.9, p<.0001 in 2010) 가 감소하였으며, 그 정도는 2002년에 비해 2010년에 그 연관성의 정도가 더 크게 보였다. 그러나 병원경쟁이 진료비와 재원일수에 미치는 영향은 병원 규모에 따라 다르게 나타났다. Practical implications: 이러한 결과를 토대로 병원 경쟁과 같은 시장구조가 진료비, 재원일수 등의 병원 효율성에 영향을 미친다는 결론을 내릴 수 있었다. 그러므로 병원성과에 영향을 주는 시장구조의 변화에 대한 정부의 관심이 요구된다. 또한 향후 경쟁이 환자 만족도와 같은 성과에 미치는 효과에 대한 보다 상세한 분석이 필요하다. Background: Health care utilizations and costs of the patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease in Korea increased dramatically. We analyzed whether hospital market competition is associated with charges and length of stay for patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease. Methods: We used Medical claims data of 2002 and 2010 from the nationwide representative sample of National Health Insurance Service of Korea. The study subjects were inpatients with degenerative lumbar spine disease (N=24,768) in 2002 and 2010. We employed a multilevel linear mixed model that included patient- and hospital-level variables in hierarchical data. Results: Higher hospital competition was associated with lower charges (β =57.5, p<.0001 in 2002; β =353.7, p<.0001 in 2010) and shorter length of stay (β =0.3, p<.0001 in 2002; β =0.9, p<.0001 in 2010) in both 2002 and 2010. Compared to 2002, the magnitude of such association became greater in 2010. However, subgroup analyses show that the influence of competition on charges and length of stay differed by hospital size. Conclusions: This study showed that hospital market structure (e.g., hospital competition) affects hospital efficiency (i.e., hospital charges and length of stay). It is necessary to continue to monitor how changing market structure influences hospital outcomes, including more detailed outcomes such as patient satisfaction.

황반원공 망막박리의 치료

이주은(Joo Eun Lee),엄부섭(Boo Sup Oum) 대한안과학회 2001 대한안과학회지 Vol.42 No.1