18세기 경기도관찰사의 업무 실태와 특징 : 『畿營狀啓謄錄』을 중심으로

李仙喜(Yi Sun-hui) 한국학중앙연구원 2010 장서각 Vol.0 No.23

이 연구는 경기도관찰사가 작성한 『畿營狀啓謄錄』를 분석함으로써 경기도관찰사의 업무실태와 업무특징을 살피기 위한 것이다. 『畿營狀啓謄錄』은 沈?之가 1783년(정조 7) 6월부터 1784년(정조 8) 6월까지, 윤달을 포함하여 약 13개월 간 작성한 장계를 정리한 것이다. 장계의 작성시기별, 업무분야별 집중도를 분석하여, 경기도관찰사의 업무 하중 정도와 중점업무 및 시기를 살폈다. 또한 경기도관찰사의 업무 특징을 확인하기 위해 『嶺營狀啓謄錄』에 담긴 경상도관찰사의 업무내용과 비교하였다. 이를 통해 조선후기 지방통치의 운영 실제와 구체적 운영 방식을 규명하는 일단을 마련코자 하였다. 심이지는 재임기간 동안 평균 이틀에 3건 정도의 장계를 작성하였다. 심이지는 농형과 우택에 대한 장계를 가장 많이 작성하였고 다음으로는 진휼 관련 내용이었다. 장계가 집중된 시기는 1784년 윤3월과 6월이었다. 윤3월에 장계 건수가 가장 높았던 이유는 농형과 우택에 대한 장계가 많았기 때문이었다. 그런데 농형이나 우택에 대한 정보를 담은 장계 외에 실제로 관찰사가 수행한 업무 중 빈도수가 높은 것은 진휼 업무였다. 경기도관찰사의 업무특징은 경기감영의 위치와 관련성이 짙어 보인다. 심이지가 경기도 관찰사에 재임하였을 당시에 경기감영은 도성에 위치하고 있었다. 심이지는 국왕이 부르는 즉시 입궐하여 국왕을 친견하여야 했다. 입시 횟수는 월평균 2.5회에 이르렀다. 입시와 함께 경기도관찰사는 능원묘가 많은 경기도의 지역적 특징과 국왕의 행차에 영향을 받았다. 능원묘에 대한 관리업무와 상언 · 격쟁에 의한 추가 조사 등이 이에 해당하였다. This study analyzes Ki-Yung-Jang-Gae-Deung-Rok, written by provincial governors of Gyeonggi-Do, so that it will show characteristics of the job of governor of Gyeonggi-Do. Ki-Yung-Jang-Gae-Deung-Rok is a document which was a paraphrased Jan-Gae by Sim Yi-Ji form Jun of 1783(Jung Jo 7) to Jun of 1784(Jung Jo 8). I analyzed it according to concentration of writing time and kind of jobs and then looked for work loads and main jobs of a provincial governor of Gyeonggi-Do. Through this, I tried to show specific methods of operation for local adminstration in the second half of Chosun. Sim Yi-Ji(沈?之) wrote three pieces of Jang-Gae(狀啓) every other day during his term in office. Jang-Gae relevant to agriculture and precipitation were top in the list of his Jang-Gae, and Jang-Gae relevant to relief followed. The periods, in which Jang-Gae was written intensively, were March(leap month) and Jun. The reason why the number of Jang-Gae in March(leap month) were the highest is that there were many Jang-Gaes relevant to agriculture and precipitation. Beside of Jang-Gaes relevant to agriculture and precipitation, the most frequent jobs of governors were ones related to relief. Characteristics of the job of governor of Gyeonggi-Do depends on the location of Gyeonggi Gam Yung(監營). Originally located in Su-Won, Gyeonggi Gam Yung moved to Gwangju and later relocated in Han-Sung Bu(漢城府) just outside of Don-Eu Moon. Gyeonggi Gam Yung had been located in the capital till 1886, when it moved to Su-Won. When Sim Yi-Ji started his term in office, Gyeonggi Gam Yung was in the capital. As soon as the king called him, he had to go to the palace and see the king in person. The number of his Ip Si(入侍) reached to average 2.5 in a month. Moreover he had to see the king when he had not been to the palace. Occasionally the king visited Gyeonggi Gam Yung on the way to somewhere else. Besides the king's the walk influenced the characteristics of the job of governor of Gyeonggi-Do. Because people used to submit Sang Un and Gyuk Jang when the king was out of the palace. About appeal to king(上言·擊錚), the king used to order reinvestigations with special Jun Gyo(傳敎). The governor had to reinvestigated the finished suits of the past. To confirm the characteristics of the job of governor of Gyeonggi-Do that I analyzed in Ki-Yung-Jang-Gae-Deung-Rok, I compared with the job of governor of Kyung-Sang-Do in Yung-Yung-Jang-Gae-Deung-Rok(嶺營狀啓謄錄). Yung-Yung-Jang-Gae-Deung- Rok was written from Jun of 1783 to March of 1784. Though my research was limited to two of provinces and there was a little time lapse, I conclude that the jobs of governors of Eight of Provinces had their own characteristics in relation to their regional characters.

17세기 수령의 ‘接賓客’과 그 성격―天安郡守를 중심으로―

이선희(Yi Sun-Hui) 한국사학회 2004 史學硏究 Vol.- No.75

This Wrting is one of a series of my research on a local governor's everyday life and his duty in 17th Century. My preceding study was about a local governor's ordinary jobs related to seven fundamental affairs, In this writing, I will focus on a local governor's hospitality, characteristically different from his other jobs. During Yi dynasty, Yang-ban lived up to Confucianism as the ideology of living and politics, Manners(禮法) and benevolent government(仁政) were considered as important virtues in living and politics of the era, Therefore, ritual ceremony and hospitality were major Jobs of Yang-ban's ordinary ones One of them, hospitality means not only reception of guests but also manners related to their positions and status, Therefore, the reception of guests could be understood as hospitality adjusted to manners Some manes of Yang-ban show Its ordinary life Diary is personal, intuitional, uncorrected, and regional So, It is difficult to generalize them as a certain thing Nevertheless, they are almost the only way to approach to ordinary life a list of guests especially depends on personal diaries In tins respect, those are very worthy of documents on their everyday lives, However, the list cannot fully explain the nature of reception of guests of a local governor, In addition, we should understand the relationship between the chary writer and guests Yi, Yu-Kan's "The Diary of Woo-Kok" and his 4-generation descendant, Yi, Kwang-Yeo's "Sae-Ku-Rok" are so valuable ill this study, Yi, Yu-Kan's purpose of writing the diaries, as he said, was to rethink later about the record of difference between months and about the list of guests, And "Sae-Ku-Rok" is the record of YI, Yu-Kan's relationship with guests, in one person in each item, In fact, the Reception of Guests, following social manners, was a formal activity to Yang-ban, By the way, besides the formality, what did the hospitality means to a local governor? He has to move his living base from the capital city, Seoul to a country I wonder if his hospitality only means personal purposes. To solve this question, I has explored on the guests and the hospitality from two years diaries of Y1, Yu-Kan's, when he had been a local governor of Chon-An Through this research, I tried to figure out which purpose is more significant, among the official and the personal According to these purpose, I divided the guests into personal guests and official ones In statistics, the official outnumbered the personal drastically Moreover, the personal had also Important visiting purposes, as shown ill "Sae-Ku-Rok" 1bat means that the reception of personal guests were mostly related to official matters. On the other band, we should remind that the distance between Seoul and Chon-An was two days long at the tune So, guests could bong information from Seoul With two day time lag Yl, Yu-Kan's home was Keun Dong, Shin-Kyo, Seoul and most his friends are from this place, So, information from Seoul was important for rum, As a local governor, he had to watch carefully the situation of the central government and had to have good relations With his friends in the position of Kyung-Kwan(京官). Moreover, they brought letters and messages from family and other friends, helping him for relations with people in Seoul.

조선후기 영남지방 지방관의 행정소통 체계와 조정방식

이선희 ( Sun Hui Yi ) 경북대학교 영남문화연구원 2009 嶺南學 Vol.0 No.16

This study analyzes official documents to show the reality of administrational jobs of a local governor in the area of Yeongnam (嶺南). That can lead us to approaching to the ordinary life of a specific group such as local governors. I presume that the ordinary life of a local governor, unlike laymen`s ones, means repetitive administrational jobs that he should do. Administrational jobs of a local governor were mostly carried out through documentations. In this context, I especially focused on the administrational communication systems through deliveries and handling processes of documents. Main source of this writing comes from 『Yeong-Yeong-Jang-Gae-Deung-Nock(嶺營狀啓謄錄)』, written by a governor of Yeongnam, from Jun of 1751 to March of 1752. A Jang-Gae(狀啓) of a local governor contains not only administrational jobs of him but also the entire administration of his province. A Jang-Gae consists of original copies of followings: Kwan-Mun(關文) given to Su-Ryong(守令) from Kyung-Sa(監司), Cheop-Jung(牒呈) of Su-Ryong, Mun-Jang(文狀) of Meon-Lee-yim (面里任), and so on. The analyzing method I have chosen here was first to sort out the relevant official documents. Then I searched for the delivery systems of respective documents to subdivide them to more specific categories. Secondly, I quantified the delivery durations and processing times of the documents so that I could measure the communication speed between the local government and the central and between high and low levels of adminstration within the province. Thirdly, according to the contents of a Jang-Gae, I analyzed the frequency of each jobs and made monthly distribution charts. Acknowledging not many examples included, I found that a local governor concentrated more on judicial and taxational jobs. The jobs of a local governor was divided into seasonal special ones and regular ones. Fourthly, I analyzed how the local governor compromised the disputes in the administrational relation between the local and the central with the central government. According to the compromising method, I sorted out the conflict and negotiation processes in order to approach the reality of the local governor`s jobs.

조선후기 수령의 출퇴근과 근무방식

李仙喜(Yi, Sun-Hui) 한국사학회 2008 史學硏究 Vol.- No.92

『愚谷日記』를 통해 본 17세기 수령의 일상업무

이선희(Yi Sun-Hui) 한국역사민속학회 2004 역사민속학 Vol.18 No.-

18세기 수령과 관찰사의 행정마찰과 처리방식 - 『가림보초(嘉林報草)』를 중심으로 -

이선희 ( Sun Hui Yi ) 한국고문서학회 2005 古文書硏究 Vol.27 No.-

‘희생’의 전근대적 함의와 근·현대인의 성경 이해

서신혜(Shin-Hye Seo),이선희(Sun-Hui Yi) 대한성서공회 2020 성경원문연구 Vol.0 No.46

This research explains the meaning and usage of the word ‘sacrifice’ used in the Bible in the pre-modern era, and explains how it is linked with the understanding of the Bible. The Korean word for sacrifice is composed of two letters - one meaning ‘untainted pure color’ and the other meaning ‘livestock’. The sacrifice was an essential step to complete the ancestral ritual. There was so much emphasis on the blood and life of the sacrifice that the alternative word for the ancestral ritual was ‘flesh feasting’ because they believed that the sacrifice served to connect human beings and god. The class of the ritual was determined by the type and the scale of the sacrifice. In the late Joseon Dynasty, when Confucianism was firmly established in the society, the general public thought that it was necessary to offer at least ‘grilled meats’ in place of sacrifice in an ancestral ritual. The Korean Bible was translated at a time when there remained a general acceptance of such perception of sacrifice, and this word ‘sacrifice’ was used to explain the gospel. The word was useful in explaining how Jesus became the sacrifice and reconciled the connection between God and human beings who were sinners. Such concept of sacrifice also helps understand how Jesus as the sacrifice is pure, complete, and righteous. In the current version of the translated Bible in 1998, however, the words that were translated into “sacrifice” in the older versions have often been revised to “offering” or “ancestral ritual”. This not only makes the context awkward but also limit the meaning of ‘sacrifice’ mentioned above. It calls for special attention when trying to replace Chinese-based words (Chinese loanwords) that are not in frequent use with ones in wider use. When a word happens to convey the core ‘concept’ for the understanding of the Bible with no alternative, the word should not be changed and its meaning has to be appreciated. The word ‘sacrifice’ is a very good example of such.

성경 번역어 ‘속건제’의 전근대시기 함의 고찰 - 레위기 5:14-6:7을 중심으로 -

서신혜(Shin-Hye Seo),이선희(Sun-Hui Yi) 한국구약학회 2020 구약논단 Vol.26 No.1

The purpose of this article is to promote the understanding of Korean Bible term “sokgeon-jae(속건제, guilt offering)” through the explanation of the meanings and examples of sok (redemption, 贖) and gun (transgression, 愆) in the pre-modern age of Korea. ‘Sok’ is used throughout the Joseon Dynasty as a legal term to describe the act of paying the cost. To pay a fair cost in order to escape from the civil service or to clear away the punishment for sin is called ‘sok.’ Often the features of the guilt offering different from the sin offering are explained only as a matter of compensation. But, in fact, compensation is linked to the term ‘sok’ (redemption) rather than ‘geon’ (transgression). ‘Geon’ does not simply mean ‘sin.’ It is used as a term with the meaning of ‘guilt against the absolute standard or rule.’ When the intellectuals of the Joseon Dynasty confronted the Korean Bible term ‘sokgeonjae,’ they could recognize that it is a matter of ‘breaking the absolute standard of God.’ For Confucian scholars at that time, the term ‘geon’ was considered as the same as ‘bulgunbulmang’ (without transgression and without forgetfulness, 不愆不忘). They believed that the nation and its people would be at peace when the law of the late king, which is the absolute standard, is “not broken or forgotten.” It was in line with the Bible principle that says ‘God’s law is what makes us live and be blessed’ (Deut 32:46-47 and so on). If we have these concepts understood, we can see that the translations such as ‘commit a violation,’ ‘sin unintentionally’, ‘the proper value’, and ‘a guilt offering’ were appropriate.