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이경주,박균열 인문사회 21 2022 인문사회 21 Vol.13 No.1
이 논문은 4차 산업혁명 시대에 다문화 배경의 디지털 문명의 과제를 진단하고, 그 해법을 모색하는 데 주된 목적을 둔다. 4차 산업혁명은 정보통신기술(ICT)의 융합으로 이루어진 차세대 산업 혁명이다. 이 혁명의 핵심기술 발달로 디지털 네이티브가 등장하였다. 이 세대는 개인용 컴퓨터, 휴대전화, 인터넷과 같은 디지털 환경을 태어나면서부터 생활처럼 사용하는 세대이다. 이들은 직접 참여하고, 어울리고, 공유하고, 자기 삶과 관련 있는 것을 만들고자 한다. 이러한 문명이 다문화적 시대상황과 맞물리고 있다. 디지털 문명의 다양성은 기존의 다문화 환경을 더욱 긍정적으로 촉진시킬 수도 있고, 정반대의 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 콘텐츠의 소비자이면서 생산자 역할을 동시에 원하는 주체로 발전하고 있다. 코로나19 이후로 언택트에서 온택트로 대전환이 시작되었다. 가장 떠오르는 것이 O2O 비즈니스의 활성으로, 가상세계(VR)와 메타버스가 대세 콘텐츠로 자리 잡아 가고 있다. 교육을 넘어 세상 중심으로 들어온 디지털 세상에서 디지털 미디어 리터러시 역량 강화와 디지털 격차에 대한 해소를 요구받고 있다. 새로운 디지털 문명이 다문화와 대등한 관계를 이루는 것으로 보기는 힘들고, 그 문명 또한 다문화의 자산으로 여긴다면 더욱 조화로운 인류 공동체를 만들어 갈 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Serum CA 19-9 and CEA Levels as a Prognostic Factor in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
이경주,이승우,정문재,박승우,송시영,정재복,박정엽 연세대학교의과대학 2013 Yonsei medical journal Vol.54 No.3
Purpose: To investigate the use of pretreatment carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as prognostic factors to determine survival in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and received surgery, chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy was performed. Factors, including CA 19-9 and CEA, associated with the survival of pancreatic cancer patients were analyzed. Results: Patients with the median age of 65 years were included (n=187). Elevated serum CA 19-9 levels and CEA levels were observed in 75.4% and 39% of patients at diagnosis, respectively. CEA was correlated with tumor stages (p=0.005), but CA 19-9 was not. CA 19-9 and CEA were elevated in 69.0% and 33.3% of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, and elevated in 72.9% and 47.2% of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, respectively. The median overall survival of the normal serum CEA group was longer than that of the elevated serum CEA group (16.3 months vs. 10.2 months, p=0.004). However, the median overall survival of the normal serum CA 19-9 group was not different from that of the elevated serum CA 19-9 group (12.4 months vs. 13.5 months, p=0.969). The independent factors associated with overall survival were advanced pancreatic cancer [harzard ratio (HR) 4.33, p=0.001] and elevated serum CEA level (HR 1.52, p=0.032). Conclusion: Patients with elevated serum CEA level at diagnosis demonstrated poor overall survival. Pretreatment CEA level may predict the prognosis of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
이경주 한국교통대학교 2015 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.50 No.-
This study aims at devising a local spatial measure that is capable of exploring the disproportionate spatial distribution of urban service facility supply (observed provision) to that of population demand (expected need). Expected need is denoted by the proportion of subpopulation in a subregion to the regional total and observed provision corresponds to the ratio of the quantity of urban facility services in the same subregion to the total quantity in the entire study area. Spatial inequity in access to urban facility is portrayed by the spatial disparity between supply and demand for urban amenity, and this spatial inaccessibility is explored in the framework of spatial process. For this purpose, a local spatial statistic is formulated to quantify the spatial mismatch by revising a generic two-sample test for proportions of which statistical basis is on Bernoulli model. The revision is made by incorporating spatial weight matrix into the aspatial test so that the spatial flow of demand to supply among subregions can be explicitly accounted for. The local quantity portrays the landscape of spatial mismatch of the distributions of population demand to urban facility provision, highlighting a variety of images of local access to urban facilities. For the empirical illustration, the local quantity is applied to the distributions of day care facilities and underlying target population (children under age 5) in Erie County, NY.
A Review of Object and Field Perspective on Modifiable Areal Unit Problem
이경주 한국지도학회 2011 한국지도학회지 Vol.11 No.1
Vector and raster data model often base their conceptual framework on discreteness and continuity. Although the distinction makes sense in practice, more fundamental argument needs to be drawn on the fact that the continuous nature of geographic reality is not technically compatible to the discrete representation in the physical computer systems. The discrepancy between conceptual basis for perceiving geographic reality and physical limitation for concrete representation of it has derived the problem which has been referred to as modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) in geographical analysis context. In the literature of geographical information science, the two dichotomous distinction of geographic reality and physical bound is remarked to object and field debates. In this paper, ontological argument is provided on realigning the distinction between discreteness and continuity to object and field to revisit the framework of vector and raster representation of geographic reality. The argument is intrinsically associated with the fundamental question of how to define geographic boundary, which is the foundational source of conceptual dilemma in vector and raster debate. It is expected that the argument in ontological perspective provides theoretically sound conceptual base for re-illuminating MAUP in geographical analysis.
군사안보외교통상 정책에 대한 민주주의적 통제 ; 일본의 기지재편과 반기지 투쟁
이경주 민주주의법학연구회 2006 민주법학 Vol.0 No.32
日本においても米軍軍事基地の再編か行おれている. 戰力を禁止し, 集團的自衛權を否定している日本國憲法にもかかわらず, 日米間の軍事融合は進んでいゐ. なお, 韓半島の有事をも想定していゐため東北アヅアの平和の觀点からも關心の的にならぢるを得ない. 駐日米軍の駐留の根據になるのは`日米相互協力および安全保障に關する條約(以下, 新安保條約)であゐ. 新安保條約は1951年締結された舊安保安條約の中の內亂條項などの不平等な諸点を正すことを名分にした. ところが, 新安保條約は內亂條項の削除, 有效期限の限定など一定の進展があったものの, 舊安保條約に引き續き全土基地方式の基地提供を約束したため, 條約改正後もさまざまな諸基地問題が續いている. 1950年代の後半, 砂川の住民は立川の米軍飛行場を砂川まで擴張しようとした日本政府の方針に反對する反基地運動を展開し、そのなかで東京地方裁判所は ``駐日米軍は戰力を禁止している日本國憲法に違反`` するという1審判決を得た. 1960年代後半, 北海道の長沼町ではナイキミサイル基地建設のための保安林解除處分に對抗した. これについて1審では保安林解除處分が日本國憲法前文の平和的生存權を侵害するとの判決を下した. 最近においても, さまざまな反基地鬪爭が行われている. 特に2006年5月l日の日米間の基地再編に對する合議に基づき, アメリカ本土にある米陸軍の第1軍團が神奈川縣の座間基地ヘ移り據点指令部(UEx)の役割をする予定であり, 日本の航空自衛隊の司令部は橫田にある米空軍基地に移轉するそうである. また沖?にある米海兵隊はグアムに移り, 空母搭戰機は岩國に移轉する予定である. このような一連の米軍基地再編につい活發な反基地鬪爭が行われている. 岩國では住民投票を通じて反對の意思を明らかにする一方, 市長選擧では米軍基地再編に反對する候補が?選された. 沖?では普天間飛行場の移轉地と予定されたシュワブの海上での反對鬪爭が續き, シュワブ沿岸に予定地が變わったが, これに反對する大規模の大衆運動が展開されつつある. 日本で展開されている米軍基地再編は集團的自衛權を否定している日本國憲法違反の問題のみならず, 東北アジアの平和の問題である. アメリカは日本と韓?を繫ぐ軍事同盟を體系化し、迅速機動軍として再編しようとしているのである. このような一連の軍事再編は東北アジアの民衆の平和的生存を危うくする策動である. したがって, 日本の米軍基地再編に反對する諸鬪爭は平和的生存權を騰ち取るための憲法實踐運動であり, 平和運動として位置づけるべきである.