골프스윙의 운동 역학적 분석

황인승,이성철,강민식,김주선 연세대학교 대학원 1991 延世論叢 Vol.27 No.1

Three-dimensional kinematics for a double pendulum model golf swing were determined for seven professional golfers and ten amateur golfers, who were filmed by two Photosonics cameras. The film was digitally analyzed. DLT algorithm was used to determine three-dimensional spatial coordinates for the segment endpoints. The kinematic data were analyzed mechanically and statistically. Analysis of the golfers' swings has shown that maximum clubhead speed at impact is difficult to achieve. All too often the timing is by no means perfect, with maximum velocity attained before impact and a corresponding loss of distance. This timing problem, maximum clubhead speed during down swing, and the speed at impact closely relates statistically to an initial delay in the uncocking of the wrists. All the amatuer golfers uncooked earlier than the professional golfers, with a corresponding loss of impact speed by the clubhead. Segment interaction also noted that the lower lever increased its angular and linear speed while the upper lever began to slowdown the speeds down from maximum values.

골프스윙중 분절 각운동량의 전이현상

황인승,김주선 연세대학교 체육연구소 1994 체육연구논문집 Vol.1 No.1

18 Professional golfer's swings were filmed with two high speed cameras and earned 3D coordinates of the segmental landmarks using DLT method. These 3D coordinates were transferred to the fixed axis in the swing plane. All the kinematic variables and angular momenta of the swing system(trunk, left arm, club) were calculated using the transferred 2D coordinates. The angular momenta summation mechanism of the triple pendulum system of the golf swing was analized. The relationship between selected kinematic variables and segmental angular momenta were investigated. Results of these analysis showed that transfer of the angular momentum occurred mainly between the two distal segments. Distal segments(club) angular momentum increased rapidly when the proximal segments(left arm) angular momentum begin to decrease. This transfer of the angular momentum between the two distal segments occurred mainly in the transfer term of the angular momentum. The relationship analysis showed that the distal segmental angular momentum has more relationship with clubhead velocity than the proximal segmental angular momentum. It was suggested that coordinated movement for transfer of the angular momentum between left arm and club is more important than rapid turn of the trunk to maximize the clubhead velocity.

태권도 돌려차기 시 분절들의 반동동작

황인승,이성철,임정 한국운동역학회 2004 한국운동역학회지 Vol.14 No.2

I. S. HWANG, S. C. LEE, J. LIM. Countermovement of the Segments During the Tae-kwon-do Roundhouse Kicking. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 139-152, 2004. Two subjects, an expert and a novice, were carefully selected based upon their foot speed. Three dimensional videography was used in the assessment of roundhouse kicking of the Tae-kwon-Do. The local reference frames were imbedded at the trunk, pelvis, thigh and shank. Anatomical angular displacement at the joints were measured by projecting the upper segment's local axes to the lower segment's local reference planes. The local axes again projected to the global reference frames and absolved each segment's movement. The peaks of the anatomical angular displacement curve assessed as the countermovements and the angular movements of the segments in the global space absolved in light of the occurrence of the countermovements. The expert showed larger and more countermovements than the novice at the all segments. The countermovement occured more clearly at the trunk than the hip and knee joint and during the preparative movement phase. These countermovements occurrence were due to either by turning upper or lower segments and controlled by the turning direction and sequence of the two nearby segments. It was revealed that the countermovements of the trunk during the preparative movement phase was the important factor of the power kicking.

역학 : 운동역학적 분석에 쓰이는 두가지 Inverse Dynamics 함수의 비교연구

황인승(HwangIn-Seong),이성철(LeeSung-Cheol),신용석(ShinYong-Seok) 한국체육학회 1998 한국체육학회지 Vol.37 No.1

운동역학적(kinetic)분석을 위한 방법은 대체로 두 가지 방법이 쓰여왔다. 하나는 힘-질량-가속도(force-mass-acceleration)방법이고 다른 하나는 운동-종속 상호작용(motion-dependent interaction)방법이다.이 두 가지 방법은 모두 뉴우톤(Newton)의 역학(dynamics) 함수에 기초를 두고 있으나 분절의 CM의 가속도를 구하는데 차이가 있다. 힘-질량-가속도 방법은 분절 CM의 가속도를 직접 필름 테이터를 미분하여 얻고, 운동-종속 상호작용 방법은 분절 CM의 가속도를 분류하여 얻어내어 사용한다. 본 연구에서는 이 두 가지 방법을 정확히 제시하고, 동시에 태권도 앞차기에 적용시켜 그 결과를 비교하여 보았다. 전체적 모양은 같게 나왔으나 말초 분절로 갈수록 두 가지 방법에 의하여 얻어낸 가속도의 절대값은 점점 더 큰 차이를 보였고 결과적으로 토오크 및 관절 반사력 역시 차이를 보였다. 결론적으로 다수의 분절로 이루어진 시스템을 분석할 때는 그 결과의 해석에 특히 절대값 자체의 해석에 주의할 필요가 있다고 하겠다. A full understanding of the cause - effect mechanics that produce any body motion requires the use of a model to link the kinematics of that motion with the kinetic factors responsible for it. This can be achieved in part by using an inverse dynamics approach to compute the net joint forces and torques exerted on a segment by the segments adjacent to it. Generally two kinds of inverse dynamics have been used for the kinetics analysis. One is "the force-mass- acceleration" methods and the other is "the motion dependent interaction" methods. These two methods applied to Taekwondo front kick skill to clarify the functions and to compare the results. Basically the two functions derived from the Newton`s dynamics equations. "The motion dependent interaction" method used the partitioned acceleration of the mass center of the each segment, while the classic "force-mass-acceleration" method used the acceleration of the mass center of the each segment from the film data. The accelerations of the two methods showed as much differences as the calculation performed to the distal segment. It was advisable that if we analize multi-segments interaction we have to be careful to interpret the results.

운동 역학 : LabVIEW 그래픽 언어를 사용한 인체 동작 분석 컴퓨터 프로그램 개발

황인승(InSeungHwang),이성철(SungCheolLee) 한국체육학회 1998 한국체육학회지 Vol.37 No.4

인체의 동작이나 스포츠 기술을 분석하는데 있어서 영상 분석법은 가장 기본이 되며 동시에 가장 중요한 연구 방법 중의 하나이다. 영상 분석을 실시하는 과정에서 수치화 작업을 통하여 얻어진 인체 분절 데이터를 가지고 운동역학자들은 분석하고자 하는 변인들을 텍스트 중심 언어들인 Fortran, Basic, Pascal, C언어로 프로그램 하여, 또는 시판되어지고 있는 프로그램 패키지를 사용하여 얻게 된다. 그러나 이들 프로그램 언어들은 오류 발견의 어려움, 프로그램의 방대함으로 인한 이해의 어려움, 작성자 외에는 오류의 수정과 적용이 어렵다는 단점을 지니고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 프로그램하기 편리하고 그래픽 기능이 뛰어난 LabVIEW(Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench그래픽 프로그램을 사용하여 이러한 문제점들과 단점들을 보완하는 동작 분석 프로그램을 재구성하고 소개하는데 있다.LabVIEW 그래픽 프로그램을 사용하여 프로그램을 만들어 본 결과 프로그램의 이해도와 활용성의 측면에서 효과가 있었으며, 그래픽 기능의 향상과 텍스트가 아닌 그래픽화된 아이콘을 사용하여 프로그램 함으로 여러 가지 변인들의 결과를 즉시 확인할 수 있으므로 수정하는데 편리하였다. 그리고 sub Vi 기능의 첨가로 인하여 프로그램이 보다 간략화 하게 되었다. 그러나 무엇보다도 본 연구에서 다룬 부분들은 LabVIEW가 갖고 있는 기능의 10% 정도에 지나지 않는다는 측면에서 볼 때 LabVIEW의 활용도는 매우 크다고 할 수 있겠다. The cinematographic analysis method is one of the most important research methods in analyzing human movements and sports skills. In the course of analysis, the raw data is obtained from the film by digitizing the body marker and then the kinematic and kinetic variables are calculated by programs made by Basic, Pascal, C language or marketed program packages. Unfortunately there are a lot of disadvantage points when the variables are calculated by above mentioned program languages or marketed program packages. First, it is hard to find out the mistakes. Second, the program is too extensive to figure out exactly and completely. Third, it is very difficult for us to reform and revise the mistakes. Only the programer who made the calculating programs can do these.The purposes of this study are to introduce LabVIEW graphical program package which is convenient to program and has a prominent graphical function, and to reform disadvantage point of above mentioned program language or marketed program package by reprogramming motion analyzing programs with LabVIEW.As a result, motion analyzing programs programmed by LabVIEW were effective from the comprehensive and applicable point of view. Most of all, with improved graphical function, it was easy to check the results immediately and revise the errors easily. In addition, Sub vi. function makes it possible to shorten the length of the program.

운동역학 : 태권도 돌려차기시 근활동 모양에 관한 3차원적 분석

황인승(InSeongHwang),이성철(CheolSungLee) 한국체육학회 1999 한국체육학회지 Vol.38 No.1

8명의 태권도 선수들의 돌려차기 기술을 3차원 영상분석법을 이용하여 좌표화 하였다. 차는 다리의 3차원 모델을 만든 후 Cardan 각과 Euler`s 함수를 이용하여 각 관절의 해부학적 각운동과 토크를 구한 후 각 분절에서의 근활동 양상과 상호관계를 알아보았다. 일반적으로 생각하듯 개개분절들의 동작방향의 근군들만이 작용하는 것이 아니라 동작초반에는 동작방향의 근군이 약하게 작용하고 동작후반에는 오히려 동작 반대방향의 근군들이 특히 이심성수축으로 많은 부분 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 현상은 말초분절로 갈수록 더욱 분명하게 나타났고, 이것으로 미루어 볼 때 최고 기시분절인 몸통운동이 나머지 다리분절들의 운동을 가동시키고, 다리분절 내의 각 관절에서의 근활동은 단지 가동보다는 조절 역할을 하는 것으로 보여졌다. The roundhouse kicks in taekwondo of eight high school players were filmed using the Direct Linear Transformation method of three-dimensional cinematography. Obtained coordinate data and the model developed using Cardan angles and Euler`s Equation were used to calculate the joint torques exerted on the kicking leg segments(the thigh, the shank and the foot).The Cardan angles between the two embedded axes of the two connected segments was used to define the anatomical motions of the segments. The anatomical motions and the joint torques of the segments were analyzed to determine the net muscle activity pattern. The findings indicated that the eccentric activities of the antagonists were primarily responsible for this kick movement. Such antagonists activities were more apparent on the shank than that on the thigh.Based on these finding, it can be tell that the muscle activities of the proximal segments activate the movement by the agonist at the beginning stage while the muscle activities of the distal segments control the movement by antagonist except the joints which have small range of motion or stiff joints like ankle.So the coaches have to emphasize the movement of the prime proximal segment, trunk, which activate this kicking movement and the control of the remained segments can be achieved naturally by the repeated training.

마우스 대식세포를 이용한 어성초(魚腥草) 물추출물의 항염효능연구

황인승 ( In Seung Hwang ),김영진 ( Young Jin Kim ),박윤수 ( Yun Soo Park ),김현주 ( Hyun Ju Kim ),김도훈 ( Do Hoon Kim ),박완수 ( Wan Su Park ) 대한본초학회 2014 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.29 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of Houttuyniae Herba water extract (HC) on calcium release and production of various inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-5 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Methods : NO production was measured by Griess reagent assay. Intracellular calcium level was measured with Fluo-4 assay. Levels of cytokines were measured by High-throughput multiplex bead array cytokine assay based on xMAP (multi-analyte profiling beads) technology. Results : HC significantly decreased NO production for 24 hrs incubation at the concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 ㎍/mL in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 (P < 0.05). HC significantly decreased production of IP-10, KC, VEGF, and PDGF-BB for 24 hrs incubation at the concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 ㎍/mL in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 (P < 0.05). HC also significantly decreased intracellular calcium release for 24 hrs incubation at the concentrations of 25, 50, 100, and 200 ㎍/mL in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 (P < 0.05). But HC did not show any significant effect on production of IL-4 and IL-5 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7.Conclusions : The results suggested that HC has anti-inflammatory property related with its inhibition on the production of NO, IP-10, KC, VEGF, and PDGF-BB in LPS-induced macrophages via calcium pathway

자연과학편 : 고속 카메라의 panning 기술을 적용한 운동 동작 분석법의 개발

황인승(InSeongHwang),이성철(SungCheolLee),이기태(KiTaeLee) 한국체육학회 1989 한국체육학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Background markers and control points were filmed through the panning technique by a Photosonic high-speed camera with zoom lens. The x, y coordinates of each control of point were measured. The given x, y coordinates and computed x, y coordinates which were obtained through talc computer program written for this study were compared.Absolute mean errors far x and y coordinates were 1.376cm and 0.957cm respectively.The percentage of these errors were respectively 0.31% and 1.28%As the results, it was concluded that the panning technique and calculation used in this study were acceptable and could be applied to human movement studies.

Sparse Ellipsometry: 비구조화 플래시 사진을 이용한 편광 SVBRDF 및 형상의 휴대용 취득법

황인승(Inseung Hwang),전석준(Daniel S. Jeon),Adolfo Munoz,Xin Tong,김민혁(Min H. Kim) 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회 2022 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.7

운동 역학 : 제자리 손짚고뒤돌기 기술과 뒤공중돌기 기술의 운동역학적 비교연구

황인승(InSeoungHwang),이성철(SungCheolLee) 한국체육학회 1996 한국체육학회지 Vol.35 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate a similarity between the biomechanical variables of Hip-flop and backward somersault and to suggest principal coaching points that could practically be used when teaching the two skills. This was done with the assumption that a positive transfer effect could be found if there is a similarity between the two skills.Five male athletics in high school were recruited for this study. The subjects were 162.2 ±10.5 ㎝ in height and 51.8 ±7.8 Kg in weight. A high speed camera and a force plate were simultaneously operated for data collection. By using the properly processed kinematic and kinetic outputs, paired t-tests were conducted to determine the similarity between the two skills.The results, which five biomechanical variables selected, did not show any identical variables between the two skills. Consequently, the two skills could not have a similarity and could not be transferred to each other. Thus, it is suggested that the flip-flop and backward somersault should be taught separately, not connectedly