Measuring the Impact of Government Control on Donation Incomes in China

황문정,김석은 한국행정학회 2021 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.-

This article examines the impact of government control on donation incomes and its implications to the development of civil society in China. Government control has been embedded in Chinese authoritarian regime that has exercised conducive but restrictive political authority over the actions and resource mobilizations in the foundation sector. Analysis of a panel dataset of 1,942 Chinese foundations shows that government control significantly and positively affects the foundations’ donation incomes. Donors seemed to view government control positively as a sign of legitimacy and the quality of foundations. The results suggest that government control is a double-edged sword that constraints nonprofit activities but creates opportunities in leveraging economic benefits. Nonetheless, securing revenues under the embedded government control may not guarantee the growth of a vibrant civil society in China.

일부 소규모 사업장의 산업보건 실태

황문정 한국직업건강간호학회 1999 한국직업건강간호학회지 Vol.8 No.2

The study was purposed to know the status of health management in small-scale-industries which have less than 50 employees. A total of 330 small-scale-industries were surveyed by nurses and industrial-hygienists who were affiliated with industrial health care agency from January 1993 to December, 199-4. The contents of survey include status of work environment. occupational accident and its disease availability, protective evice, health education and settlements. The results were as follows. 1. The number of industrial accidents(death. injury arid occup. disease) in 1994 was 83 which was reduced from that of the. 1993 which was 126. 2. As a result of the measurement of work cnvironment the execssive ratio of permitted criteria was reduced to 20.6% in 1994 from 264% in 1993, and the improvement ratio of work environment was increased to 39.5% hi 1994 from 29.7% in 1993. 3. The contents of health education at work place were as follows: general disease(25.4%). work environment(20.2%). protective device(16.7%), disease prevension( 14.2%). occupational disease(85%), and health promotion(8.3%). 4. In terms of industrial safty and prevention of occupational disease, only 10.6% was satisfactory or excellent, and the 39.4% was poor, inadequate or required reexamination.

일부 소규모 사업장의 산업보건 실태

황문정 ( Hwang Mun Jeong ),조소영 ( Jo So Yeong ),김응익 ( Kim Eung Ig ) 서울대학교 인구의학연구소 1998 人口醫學硏究論集 Vol.11 No.1

Anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of black ginseng extract containing increased Rh4, Rg5, and Rk1 content in muscle and liver of type 2 diabetic db/db mice

정유진,황문정,홍충의,유대석,김진성,김도연,이광원 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.8

Black ginseng (BG), which is produced byrepeated steaming and drying of fresh ginseng, has variouspharmacological and therapeutic properties. This studyinvestigated the anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemiceffects of BG ethanolic extract in type 2 diabetic db/dbmice. The levels of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulinlevels and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances valueswere decreased in the groups fed BG extract (BG) (100 and900 mg/kg BW/day), compared to the control group(CON). In the BG compared with the CON, hepaticsteatosis in the liver and the size of adipocytes in muscletissue were improved. The administration of BG regulatedthe glucose transporter type (GLUT) 4 and 2, and peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) a and c inmuscle and liver. Moreover, ginsenosides (Rh4, Rg5, andRk1), which profiled by HPLC, regulated the markers forlipid metabolism and glucose metabolism; PPARs andGLUTs in muscle and C2C12 rather than liver cells andtissue. These findings suggested that ginsenosides (Rh4,Rg5, and Rk1) from BG extract can ameliorate type 2diabetes through their anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemiceffects.

후각자극기를 이용한 후각중추의 성별에 따른 기능적 자기공명영상

배성진,황문정,장용민,기용탁,지인섭,손철호 대한자기공명기술학회 2002 대한자기공명기술학회지 Vol.12 No.-

초상자성 나노 입자의 자기이완 특성에 관한 이론적 연구

장용민,황문정 대한자기공명의과학회 2003 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.7 No.1

목적 : 간(liver)과 림프절 특이성 등의 다기능성을 나타내는 미세 초상자성 산화철 입자(ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide: USP IO)의 자기이완(magnetic relaxation)에 대한 이론적 모델을 제시하고 이러한 이론적 모델에 근거한 미세 초상자성 산화철 입자의 자기장의 세기에 따른 자기 이완시간의 변화를 컴퓨터 모의 실험을 통해 연구하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 초상자성 산화철 입자를 조영제로 사용하기 위해서는 생체적합성 고분자로 축약(encapsulation)시키게 되고 따라서 확산(diffusion) 및 전자스핀의 fluctuation 에 기인하여 발생하는 자유 물분자와 간접 상호작용인 "outsphere " 기전에 근거하여 자기이완모델을 개발하였다. 또한 초상자성체의 경우 자기 모멘트가 상자성 입자에 비해 최소 수백배에서 최대 수만배까지 더 크므로 일반적으로 상자성 조영제의 "out sphere" 기전에서 가정하는 저자장 근사치를 사용할 수 없고 따라서 본 연구에서는 Brillouin함수로 표현되는 총자화에 대한 표현을 적용하여 저자장뿐만 아니라 고자장의 경우까지를 모두 포함하는 "out sphere" 기전에 의한 T1 그리고 T2 이완율에 대한 모델을 개발하였다. 이렇게 개발된 자기이완모델을 사용하여 미세 초상자성 산화철 입자의 자기장의 세기에 따른 자기 이완시간의 변화를 symbolic computation tool 인 MathCad(MathCad, USA)를 사용한 컴퓨터 모의 실험을 통해 조사하였다. 결과 : 미세 초상자성 산화철 입자의 T1, T2 자기이완 특성은 먼저, 저자장 영역 (<1.0 Mhz)에서는 이론적 모델의 spectral density function에 들어 있는 두 개의 correlation time중 $\tau$$_{s1}$ 중 (T2의 경우 ${\tau}_{S2}$)이 주된 역할을 하는 것을 알 수 있었고 이는 결과적으로 이러한 나노자성체 입자들이 낮은 자기장하에서는 열적으로 야기된 자기모멘트들의 재배열이 주된 역할을 하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 한편 고자장 영역에서는 correlation time 중 $\tau$가 주된 역할을 담당하는데는 $\tau$는 나노 입자의 크기와 연관되어 있으며 고자장에서 입자 크기에 따른 T1 이완율(R1)과 T2 이완율(R2)의 차이는 이러한 입자크기의 차이에 의해 발생하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 나노입자에 포함된 철 원자수를 변화시키는 경우 철 원자수가 증가 할 수록 R1과 R2가 증가하는 결과를 나타내었다. 한편 온도변화에 따른 T1, T2 자기이완시간의 변화는 정상체온 근처의 제한적인 온도범위내에서 저자장 영역에서의 아주 작은 변화를 제외하고는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 T1에 비해 T2에서 이러한 변화가 상대적으로 더 작게 나타났다. 결론 : 임상적 다기능성을 나타낼 가능성이 많은 것으로 보고되고 있는 미세 초상자성 산화철 입자의 자기이완에 대한 이론적 모델을 초상자성 나노입자의 물리적 특성에 기초하여 제시하였고 이러한 이론적 모델에 근거한 미세 초상자성 산화철 입자의 자기장의 세기에 따른 자기 이완시간의 변화를 컴퓨터 모의 실험을 통해 조사하였다.다. Purpose : To develop a theoretical model for magnetic relaxation behavior of the superparamagnetic nano-particle agent, which demonstrates multi-functionality such as liver- and lymp node-specificity. Based on the developed model, the computer simulation was performed to clarify the relationship between relaxation time and the applied magnetic field strength. Materials and Methods : The ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) was encapsulated with biocompatiable polymer, to develop a relaxation model based on outsphere mechanism, which was resulting from diffusion and/or electron spin fluctuation. In addition, Brillouin function was introduced to describe the full magnetization by considering the fact that the low-field approximation, which was adapted in paramagnetic case, is no longer valid. The developed model describes therefore the T1 and T2 relaxation behavior of superparamagnetic iron oxide both in low-field and in high-field. Based on our model, the computer simulation was performed to test the relaxation behavior of superparamagnetic contrast agent over various magnetic fields using MathCad (MathCad, U.S.A.), a symbolic computation software. Results : For T1 and T2 magnetic relaxation characteristics of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide, the theoretical model showed that at low field (<1.0 Mhz), $\tau_{S1}(\tau_{S2}$, in case of T2), which is a correlation time in spectral density function, plays a major role. This suggests that realignment of nano-magnetic particles is most important at low magnetic field. On the other hand, at high field, $\tau$, which is another correlation time in spectral density function, plays a major role. Since $\tau$ is closely related to particle size, this suggests that the difference in R1 and R2 over particle sizes, at high field, is resulting not from the realignment of particles but from the particle size itself. Within normal body temperature region, the temperature dependence of T1 and T2 relaxation time showed that there is no change in T1 and T2 relaxation times at high field. Especially, T1 showed less temperature dependence compared to T2. Conclusion : We developed a theoretical model of r magnetic relaxation behavior of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO), which was reported to show clinical multi-functionality by utilizing physical properties of nano-magnetic particle. In addition, based on the developed model, the computer simulation was performed to investigate the relationship between relaxation time of USPIO and the applied magnetic field strength.

임상간호사의 DNR과 관련된 윤리문제에 대한 태도 조사

이순행,김정숙,황문정,황버들,박윤정 병원간호사회 1998 임상간호연구 Vol.4 No.1

임상간호사의 DNR관 관련된 윤리문제에 대한 태도 조사

이순행,김정숙,황문정,황버들,박윤정 병원간호사회 1998 임상간호연구 Vol.4 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate ethical attitudes in connection with DNR(Do Not Resuscitate) patients in the clinical nurses. We studied 200 nurses who work in the tertiary hospital in Seoul during the August in 1997. A structured questionnaire was used and all data analysed using students t-test and x^(2) with the use of SAS software(version 6.12). 184 nurses(92%) have experience with DNR patients, while 69 nurses(34%) have had education in relation to ethics attitudes during the last 1 year. 162 nurses(81%) agreed to the notion of giving straight information about DNR to the patients or the families of patients. 96.5% subjects indicated agreement for helping patients and families to express their feelings after a DNR declaration. These data show that the need of education in hospital as well as in school should be increased to establish nursing ethics and knowledge in decision-making. The development of ethical committees including nurses can solve conflict in relation to DNR decisions. The data also indicate the need for Hospice special nurses to help terminal patients die with dignity.

스캔 인자에 따른 4D 위상 대조 자기공명영상을 이용한 스캔 시간 분석: 팬텀 연구

박지은,김정훈,황문정,이종민 대한의용생체공학회 2020 의공학회지 Vol.41 No.5

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect according to the NEX, VENC, targeted cardiac phases on the velocity measurement of 4D phase-contrast MRI. Materials and Methods: The abdominal aortic phantom was made to experiment. The working fluid was mixed with water and glycerin to mimic the density and viscosity of human blood. The inlet velocity was Reynolds number 2000. The experimental conditions were NEX 1 and 4, VENC 102 cm/s and 200 cm/s, and 10 and 15 targeted cardiac phases, respectively. The average flow rate, average velocity, maximum velocity, and cross-section area were measured. Results: As a result of the case-by-case comparison, the error rate was less than 5%. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion: It is expected that this result will be useful for acquiring blood flow information in clinical practice.

Multi-Parametric Quantitative MRI for Measuring Myelin Loss in Hyperglycemia-Induced Hemichorea

윤성원,권오대,황문정 대한자기공명의과학회 2019 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.23 No.2

Hyperglycemia-induced hemichorea (HGHC) is a rare but characteristic hyperkinetic movement disorder involving limbs on one side of the body. In a 75-year-old woman with a left-sided HGHC, conventional brain MR imaging showed very subtle T1- hyperintensity and unique gadolinium enhancement in the basal ganglia contralateral to movements. Multi-parametric MRI was acquired using pulse sequence with quantification of relaxation times and proton density by multi-echo acquisition. Myelin map was reconstructed based on new tissue classification modeling. In this case report of multi-parametric MRI, quantitative measurement of myelin change related to HGHC in brain structures and its possible explanations are presented. This is the first study to demonstrate myelin loss related to hyperglycemic insult in multiparametric quantitative MR imaging.